Effective temperature of hopping electrons in a strong electric field

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 13100-13103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marianer ◽  
B. I. Shklovskii
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Strong Electric Field

scholarly journals Excitation probability and effective temperature in the stationary regime of conductivity for Coulomb Glasses

Open Physics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Manuel Caravaca Garratón ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Spin Glasses ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Occupation Probability ◽  
Excitation Probability

AbstractIn this paper, we shall illustrate the numerical calculation of the effective temperature in Coulomb glasses by excitation probability provided that the system has been placed in a stationary state after applying a strong electric field. The excitation probability becomes a better alternative than the occupation probability, which has been classically employed to calculate the effective temperature and characterize the thermodynamics of Coulomb glasses out of equilibrium. This is due to the fact that the excitation probability shows better statistics than the occupation probability. In addition, our simulations show that the excitation probability does not depend on the choice of the chemical potential, which critically affects the occupation probability. Our results allow us to propose the excitation probability as a standard procedure to determine the effective temperature in Coulomb glasses as well as in other complex systems such as spin glasses.

scholarly journals Axion assisted Schwinger effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Domcke ◽  
Yohei Ema ◽  
Kyohei Mukaida
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Chiral Anomaly ◽  
Fermion Mass ◽  
Anomaly Equation ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Schwinger Effect ◽  
Momentum Transverse

Abstract We point out an enhancement of the pair production rate of charged fermions in a strong electric field in the presence of time dependent classical axion-like background field, which we call axion assisted Schwinger effect. While the standard Schwinger production rate is proportional to $$ \exp \left(-\pi \left({m}^2+{p}_T^2\right)/E\right) $$ exp − π m 2 + p T 2 / E , with m and pT denoting the fermion mass and its momentum transverse to the electric field E, the axion assisted Schwinger effect can be enhanced at large momenta to exp(−πm2/E). The origin of this enhancement is a coupling between the fermion spin and its momentum, induced by the axion velocity. As a non-trivial validation of our result, we show its invariance under field redefinitions associated with a chiral rotation and successfully reproduce the chiral anomaly equation in the presence of helical electric and magnetic fields. We comment on implications of this result for axion cosmology, focussing on axion inflation and axion dark matter detection.

Observation of the Avalanche of Runaway Electrons in Air in a Strong Electric Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurevich ◽  
G. A. Mesyats ◽  
K. P. Zybin ◽  
M. I. Yalandin ◽  
A. G. Reutova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Runaway Electrons

Electric-Field Induced Formation of Superconducting Granular Balls

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2529-2535
Author(s):  
R. Tao ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
Y. C. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Cooper Pairs ◽  
Surface Charges

When a strong electric field is applied to a suspension of micron-sized high T c superconducting particles in liquid nitrogen, the particles quickly aggregate together to form millimeter-size balls. The balls are sturdy, surviving constant heavy collisions with the electrodes, while they hold over 106 particles each. The phenomenon is a result of interaction between Cooper pairs and the strong electric field. The strong electric field induces surface charges on the particle surface. When the applied electric field is strong enough, Cooper pairs near the surface are depleted, leading to a positive surface energy. The minimization of this surface energy leads to the aggregation of particles to form balls.

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