Esterification of chitosan with L-alanine and a study on their effect in removing the heavy metals and total organic carbon (TOC) from wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan H. H. Hefni ◽  
Mohammed Nagy ◽  
Mohammed M. Azab ◽  
Mohammed H. M. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Ionic Bonds ◽  
Total Maximum

AbstractIn this work, chitosan was modified by the esterification with L-alanine in the presence of H2SO4 as a catalyst to increase the number of amino groups with the aim of increasing the adsorption efficiency. Chitosan (CS) and chitosan-O-alanine (CS-Aln) were characterized and investigated by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results obtained from elemental analysis and IR indicated the presence of sulfuric acid after neutralization as a crosslinker between CS-Aln chains. Also CS-Aln is more amorphous than CS due to the ionic bonds of crosslinker. The removal of three heavy metals (Mn2+, Pb2+ and Al3+) and total organic carbon (TOC) from wastewater by CS and CS-Aln in the batch mode has been studied at different adsorbent dosages, temperatures and contact times. The maximum metal ions removal efficiency using CS achieved 99.6%, 99.1% and 98.9%, respectively, while by using CS-Aln 95.3%, 99.3% and 98.9% were achieved. However, the maximum adsorption capacity of TOC by CS achieved 50 mg/g and 89 mg/g by CS-Aln. The total maximum adsorption capacity of CS-Aln is higher than CS.

scholarly journals Adsorption Study of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Bael Flowers (Aegle marmelos)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11891-11904
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Initial Ph

In the present study, batch mode adsorption was carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of dried bael flowers (Aegle marmelos) for the adsorptive removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by varying agitation time, initial metal concentration, the dose of adsorbent, temperature, and initial pH of the Cu(II) ion solution. The percentage removal of 98.7% was observed at 50 ppm initial metal ion concentration, 0.5 g/100.00 cm3 adsorbent dosage, within the contact time of 120 minutes at 30 ºC in the pH range of 4 – 7. The sorption processes of Cu(II) ions was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir isotherm had a good fit with the experimental data with 0.97 of correlation coefficient (R2), and the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 23.14 mg g-1 at 30 ºC. The results obtained from sorption thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. SEM analysis showed tubular voids on the adsorbent. FTIR studies indicated the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, –C-O, –C=O, and amide groups in the adsorbent, which can probably involve in metal ion adsorption. Therefore, dried bael flowers can be considered an effective low-cost adsorbent for treating Cu(II) ions.

scholarly journals Distribution Of Some Heavy Metals In Water,Sediment & Fish Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates River Near Al- Nassiriya City Center South Iraq .

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-560
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
City Center ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
South Of Iraq

The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, pb, and Zn were determined in dissolved and particulate phases of the water,in addition to exchangeable and residual phases of the sediment and in the selected organs of the fish Cyprinus carpio collected from the Euphrates River near Al-Nassiriya city center south of Iraq during the summer period / 2009 .Also sediment texture and total organic carbon(TOC) were measured. Analysis emploing a flam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers . The mean regional concentrations of the heavy metals in dissolved (µg/l) and particulate phases (µg/gm) dry weight were Cd (0.15,16.13) ,Cu (0.59,24.48) ,Fe (726,909.4) ,Pb (0.20, 49.95) and Zn (2.5,35.62) respectively,and those for exchangeable and residual phases of the Sediment were Cd (0.2,0.1) ,Cu (13.75,16.65) ,Fe (683 , 1351 ) ,Pb (10.1,1.07) and Zn (7.3,16.75)µg/gm dry weight respectively. The heavy metals concentrations in C. carpio organs followed the trend gill > liver > kidney> muscles . The mean concentration in the muscles were Cd (ND) , Cu (0.07) , Fe (4.7) , pb (0.06) and Zn (6.4) (µg/gm) dry weight . The statistical analysis proved a significant correlation between metal concentration in the sediment and total organic carbon, also a positive correlation was proved between its concentrations in the liver organ and the water (particulate phase) . In conclusion the trace metals concentration in particulate phase were higher than its concentration in the dissolved phase . The fish organs showed variations in the metals concentration and the muscle organs showed less concentration than the other organs .

scholarly journals Adsorción del naranja de metilo en solución acuosa sobre hidróxidos dobles laminares

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alicia Ramírez Llamas ◽  
Araceli Jacobo Azuara ◽  
J. Merced Martínez Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Double Hydroxides

In this paper, layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized and characterized using techniques of Physisorption of Nitrogen, Infrared, Temperature Programmed Desorption, X-Ray Diffraction, TGA and Immersion Microcalorimetry, in order to determine the basic properties of the adsorbent. The methyl orange (MO) is used as a dye and as a result, it is frequently found in effluents from textile industries. The dye adsorption isotherms on LDH were studied as function of pH and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of methyl orange on LDH was carried out at pH 5, and the minimum adsorption capacity at pH 11, being 40.2 mg/g and 22.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the suitable temperature to promote the adsorption of methyl orange on LDH was at 25 °C, as at 35 °C shows a significant decrease. 

scholarly journals Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanocomposites for Pb2+ Removal from Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Nicola ◽  
Otilia Costişor ◽  
Mihaela Ciopec ◽  
Adina Negrea ◽  
Radu Lazău ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Magnetic iron oxide-silica shell nanocomposites with different iron oxide/silica ratio were synthesized and structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle neutron scattering, magnetic and N2-sorption studies. The composite that resulted with the best properties in terms of contact surface area and saturation of magnetization was selected for Pb2+ adsorption studies from aqueous media. The material presented good absorption capacity (maximum adsorption capacity 14.9 mg·g−1) comparable with similar materials presented in literature. Its chemico-physical stability and adsorption capacity recommend the nanocomposite as a cheap adsorbent material for lead.

scholarly journals β-Cyclodextrin Modified Poly(Acrylonitrule-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel for Thorium(IV) Adsorption

Polymers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojian Duan ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhong ◽  
Lei Bi ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Tonghuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water System ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

In this report, the β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was used to remove the thorium(IV) [Th(IV)] from the water system, and the new adsorbent was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of contact time, pH value, ionic strength, solid-liquid ratio, initial Th(IV) concentration, and temperature on Th(IV) adsorption onto the functional hydrogel were researched. The results showed that the experimental data followed the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Th(IV) was 692 mg/g at pH 2.95, which approached the calculated (qe) 682 mg/g. The desorption capacity of Th(IV) in different HNO3 concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 M was also studied, and the percentage of the maximum desorption was 86.85% in the condition of 0.09 M HNO3. The selectivity of β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was also be studied, the results indicated that this material retained the good adsorption capacity to Th(IV) even when the Ca2+, Mg2+, or Pb2+ existed in the system. The findings indicate that β-CD(AN-co-AA) can be used as a new candidate for the enrichment and separation of Th(IV), or its analogue actinides, from large-volume solution in practical application.

Potential of Agricultural Waste Material (Ananas cosmos) as Biosorbent for Heavy Metal Removal in Polluted Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafidz Yusoff ◽  
Rosmawani Mohammad ◽  
Mardawani Mohamad ◽  
Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman ◽  
Nurul Akmar Che Zaudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Pineapple Peel

Conventional methods to remove heavy metals from polluted water are expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the potential of agricultural waste such as pineapple peel (Ananas Cosmos) as low-cost absorbent to remove heavy metals from synthetic polluted water. The results showed that Cd, Cr and Pb were effectively removed by the biosorbent at 12g of pineapple peels in 100 mL solution. The optimum contact time for maximum adsorption was found to be 90 minutes, while the optimum pH for the heavy metal’s adsorption was 9. It was demonstrated that with the increase of adsorbent dosage, the percent of heavy metals removal was also increased due to the increasing adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. In addition, Langmuir model show maximum adsorption capacity of Cd is 1.91 mg/g. As conclusions, our findings show that pineapple peel has potential to remove heavy metal from polluted water.

scholarly journals Depositional environment and pore structure of mixed lithofacies shale of the Longmaxi Formation in the DM Block, the Southern Sichuan Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijun Tian ◽  
Chuanzheng Xu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Wenfeng Wang ◽  
Wen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Water Wetting ◽  
Longmaxi Shale

Distinguishing the differences of pore characters between different mixed lithofacies shales is helpful for improving shale gas development efficiencies. In this study, the targeted Longmaxi shale ( L1) of the Southern Sichuan Basin was selected as the research object. Two kinds of mixed lithofacies shale were identified by analyzing total organic carbon and X-ray diffraction results. The forming depositional environment of mixed lithofacies shale was researched by elements analyses. Pores in different mixed lithofacies shale were observed using field emission scanning electronic microscope. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption were conducted to analyze pore characters of different mixed lithofacies shale. The results showed that L1 were mainly composed of organic rich clay–siliceous mixed shales (OR-M-1) and organic extreme rich calcareous–siliceous mixed shales (OER-M-3). OR-M-1 and OER-M-3 were formed in high paleo-producing dysoxic–oxic seawater and anoxic waterbody, respectively. Micro-pore and meso-pore volumes of OER-M-3 were greater than those of OR-M-1 while macro-pore volume of OER-M-3 was lower than that of OR-M-1. Meso-pore surficial and structural complexities of OER-M-3 were greater than those of OR-M-1. OER-M-3 were greater in oil-wetting micro-pore structural complexities while lower in water-wetting micro-pore structural complexities, compared with OR-M-1. The inherent relationships between lithofacies type and sedimentary environment, total organic carbon, as well as pore characters, respectively, were quite close.

scholarly journals Preparation of phosphorus-doped boron nitride and its adsorption of heavy metals from flue gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 200079
Author(s):  
Yanlong Li ◽  
Hongxi Li ◽  
Rundong Li ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Shengqiang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Addition Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

Boron nitride, also known as white graphene, has attracted extensive attention in the fields of adsorption, catalysis and hydrogen storage due to its excellent chemical properties. In this study, a phosphorus-doped boron nitride (P-BN) material was successfully prepared using red phosphorus as a dopant for the preparation of porous boron nitride precursors. The phosphorus content in the P-BN was adjusted based on the addition rate of phosphorus. The specific surface area of P-BN first increased and then decreased with increasing addition rate of phosphorus. The maximum specific surface area was 837.8 m 2 g −1 when the phosphorus addition rate was 0.50. The P-BN prepared in the experiments was used as an adsorbent, and its adsorption capacity for heavy metals from flue gas was investigated. In particular, P-BN presented a stronger adsorption selectivity for zinc compared with other heavy metals, and its adsorption capacity for zinc was 5–38 times higher than for other heavy metals. The maximum adsorption capacity of P-BN for zinc and copper in a single heavy metal atmosphere was 69.45 and 53.80 mg g −1 , respectively.

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