scholarly journals Corporate taxation in Denmark and the international challenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-112
Author(s):  
Anna Holst ◽  
Anders Fuglsig Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Tax Competition ◽  
Base Broadening

Abstract We study the development in the Danish corporate income tax base and the corporate income tax revenue in the period from 1990 until present. Measured in per cent of GDP the CIT base has out-paced the revenue due to parallel CIT rate cuts and base broadening reforms. We seek to explain the development in the CIT base and discuss whether this is threatened by base erosion and profit shifting. Describing the development in the CIT tax base is a comprehensive and complex task and to pin-point one single cause is not possible. But it is possible to point to elements which have contributed to the development. We conclude that there exists a challenge in terms of international tax competition but find no evidence of the Danish CIT base suffering from this. The challenge for policy makers is designing a tax system which on one side secures sufficient revenue and on the other hand is internationally competitive.

scholarly journals International tax competition and foreign direct investment in the Asia–Pacific region: a panel data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengwei Xu ◽  
Alfred M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Tax Competition

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how a country's competitive tax policy influences its inward foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Asia–Pacific region, even when given particular constraints (e.g., population, public governance, skilled labor, and so on) exist.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the system GMM estimation approach to test the hypothesis. Data on FDI, corporate income tax, and various confounding factors were drawn from Ernst and Young's worldwide corporate tax guide, the World Bank, and other sources to create a panel of 28 economies over the period 2000–2016.FindingsThe present research confirms the negative association between corporate income tax (CIT) and FDI inflows. The effects of other confounding factors on FDI net inflows are also supported (e.g., connectivity, GDP per capita, population, skilled labor, and trade openness). Our results support the argument that foreign investments may be more sensitive to CIT. Therefore, CIT is an effective indicator to observe international tax competition.Originality/valueThe present research uses rich data on statutory CIT and other economic and public governance factors to investigate the relationship between tax competition and FDI inflows in the Asia–Pacific region. The findings add important supplements to the nuanced understanding of the political-economic dynamics in this region, especially when cut-throat tax competition, trade tensions, and stagnant economic growth have been key challenges for global economies.

scholarly journals Corporate income tax reforms and international tax competition

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 449-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Devereux ◽  
R. Griffith ◽  
A. Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
International Tax Competition ◽  
International Tax

scholarly journals Taming Tax Competition with a European Corporate Income Tax

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Candau ◽  
Jacques Le Cacheux
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax

Profit Shifting before and after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1266
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Clausing
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Tax Cuts

In recent years, profit shifting by multinational companies (MNCs) has generated substantial revenue costs to the U.S. government. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) changed U.S. international tax law in several important ways. This paper discusses the nature of these changes and their possible effects on profit shifting. The paper also evaluates the effects of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) tax on the location of taxable profits. Once company adjustment to the legislation is complete, estimates suggest that the GILTI tax will reduce the corporate profits of U.S. multinational affiliates in haven countries by about 12-16 percent, modestly increasing the tax base in both the United States and in higher-tax foreign countries. However, a per-country minimum tax would generate much larger increases in the U.S. tax base; a per-country tax at the same rate reduces haven profits by 23-31 percent, resulting in larger gains in U.S. tax revenue.

THE COMPARISON OF CORPORATE INCOME TAX IN LATVIA AND LITHUANIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jūlija Ščeglova ◽  
Iveta Mietule
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Advance Payment ◽  
Tax Payers

Corporate income tax is one of the important taxes that provide revenues to the state budget. Article contains a comparison between Latvian and Lithuanian existing legislation relating to corporate income tax, studied differences between the tax rates, tax base, tax period and taxpayers. Were described differences that are related to the advance payment calculation, as well as created an example that shows how advance payments are calculated in Latvian and Lithuanian companies. As a result, it was found that there are several common features in the Latvian and Lithuanian legislation, with regard to corporate income tax, for example, the tax payers, taxation period, tax rate, the taxable amount. But there are several differences, such as the nuances of rates for non-residents, depending on the type of revenue, advance payment deadlines and other particularities of the calculation of the advance payments. Also differ corporate income tax payment deadlines. It was concluded that making advance payments in Lithuanian enterprises is more profitable, because it was calculated that at the same conditions, the amount of advances in Lithuania is lower than in Latvia.

scholarly journals Tax competition strategies in corporate income tax - The case of EU countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Guziejewska ◽  
Wojciech Grabowski ◽  
Szymon Bryndziak
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Eu Countries

scholarly journals Impact of Lithuanian tax reform to companies results

2014 ◽  
pp. 162-177
Author(s):  
Jovita Kalantaitė ◽  
Rasa Subačienė
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
National Budget

Global economic crisis reached Lithuania in 2008, as a response to ongoing economic downturn, the government of the Republic of Lithuania introduced tax reform. Analysis of factors determined by the tax reform will be presented in the article. However, main arguments will concentrate on evaluation of companies activities and results as business is one of the key pillars on which Lithuanian economy is built on: taxes form a significant part of individual company’s expenses and on the other side – taxes are a main stream of revenue for the national budget. The most significant taxes in overall national budget composition could be named as the following: personal income tax, social insurance taxes, value added tax, corporate income tax, excise tax and others. In relation to the global crisis tax income has decreased significantly in year 2009 and at the end of year 2012 has still not reached the level of year 2008. However, from the company’s perspective, employees related taxes are considered as most significant as they form almost a half of total taxes paid by companies. Decrease of taxes related to payroll (personal income tax, social insurance taxes) was followed by growth of unemployment, decrease on average salary and growth of the shadow economy. Drop in GDP, inflation and decline in sales made impact on decrease of tax revenue of value added tax, as shadow economy and reduced consumption of excisable goods influenced the value of excise tax revenue. The tax revenue of corporate income tax was influenced by decline of net profit and profitability, increased number of bankruptcy.

scholarly journals Tec(h)tonic Shifts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (76) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqib Aslam ◽  
Alpa Shah
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Digital Service ◽  
Permanent Establishment ◽  
User Data ◽  
User Value ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All

The ever-increasing digitalization of businesses has accelerated the need to address the many shortcomings and unresolved issues within the international corporate income tax system. In particular, the customer or “user”—through their online activities—is now considered by many as being a critical driving force behind the value of digital services. Furthermore, the rapid growth of digital service providers over the last decade has made them an increasingly popular target for special taxes—similar to wealth and solidarity taxes—which can also help mobilize much-needed revenues in the wake of a crisis. This paper argues that a plausible conceptual case can be made to tax the value generated by users under the corporate income tax. However, a number of issues need to be tackled for user-based tax measures to become a reality, which include agreement among countries on whether user value justifies a reallocation of taxing rights, establishing the legal right to tax income derived from user value, as well as an appropriate metric for valuing user-generated data if it is ever to be used as a tax base. Furthermore, attempting to tax only certain types of business is ill-advised, especially as user data is now being exploited widely enough for it to be recognized as an input for almost all businesses. Several options present themselves for consideration—from a modified permanent establishment definition combined with taxation by formulary apportionment, to user-based royalty-type taxes—each with their own merits and misdemeanors.

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