Deg Xinag Rounding Assimilation: A case study in phonologization

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Hargus
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Related Language ◽  
Athabaskan Language

AbstractAcoustic and video evidence suggest that Deg Xinag, an Athabaskan language, contains Rounding Assimilation, rounding of schwa before a stressed rounded vowel across uvular or laryngeal consonants. Although Rounding Assimilation has received no mention in previous Deg Xinag studies, it appears to be at stage II, phonologization, in the model of sound change proposed by Hyman (1976). Data from the related language Babine-Witsuwit'en is also presented, showing an absence of Rounding Assimilation in one of the contexts where it occurs in Deg Xinag. Babine-Witsuwit'en sheds light on how and why Rounding Assimilation may have developed historically in Deg Xinag.

Understanding near mergers: the case of morphological tone in Cantonese

Phonology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. L. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Shed Light

A growing body of work on exemplar-based theories of learning suggests the possibility of formal models of phonological representation which will offer deeper explanations of basic phonological properties than current models allow. The main purpose of this paper is to shed light on near merger, a recalcitrant problem in sound change and in phonological theory, with this newer perspective, through a case study of tonal near merger in Cantonese.

Repetitive 1.6 ATA hyperbaric oxygen therapy for bilateral ARCO Stage II steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head

2020 ◽  
pp. 625-633
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
◽  
Xuedong Bai ◽  
Shuyi Pan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Hbo2 Therapy

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on the early stages of steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) of the femoral head. Since high HBO2 pressure (e.g., 2.4-2.5 atmospheres absolute/ATA) has been commonly considered to have a greater ability to restore tissue oxygenation in the femoral head than low pressure (e.g., 1.6 ATA), the latter HBO2 protocol is rarely used for SAON treatment. In this paper, we present the case of a 36-year-old female diagnosed with bilateral early stage (Association for Research on Osseous Circulation, ARCO stage II) SAON caused by steroid therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Because the patient could not endure high HBO2 pressures, the treatment pressure was adjusted to 1.6 ATA, which was the highest pressure the patient could withstand. After 20 treatment sessions, her symptoms were relieved significantly. Her visual analog score (VAS: using a 0-10 score) decreased from 7 to 2, and after 50 treatment sessions her symptoms disappeared almost completely. A significant improvement was also observed radiologically by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. This case study provides a potential HBO2 treatment protocol with reduced pressure for early-stage femoral head necrosis. Further research is needed to validate this finding and explore the potential mechanism of HBO2 on SAON.

The time variable in phonological change

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chen ◽  
Hsin-I Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
The One ◽  
Phonological Change

One of the perennial problems in diachronic linguistics is how to reconcile, on the one hand, the Neogrammarian postulate of sound laws operating without exception, and, on the other hand, the embarrassingly numerous irregularities we observe in many languages. On most occasions linguists have attempted to solve the problem by positing interdialectal borrowing or analogical levelling and have largely overlooked the possibility of the gradual diffusion of phonological changes across the lexicon. As a result of the lexical gradualness of sound changes, exceptions may be created either through the incompletion of a sound change, or owing to the conflict of two sound changes overlapping along the time dimension. It is the latter concept that we will attempt to elaborate and illustrate with two sets of data, both from Peking dialect. We have chosen Chinese as a case study for an obvious reason: it is possible in the case of Chinese, like few other cases, to follow sound changes step by step through the phonological dictionaries, rhyme charts and other records compiled at various stages of history. The columns on Tables 1 and 2 contain information taken from the various datable phonological dictionaries.

scholarly journals “Repressions Are Necessary; the Newspaper Hype Is Not”: Explaining Terror in Soviet Terms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm L. G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
State Terror ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Related Language ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Language And Ideology

Ever since Robert Conquest’s pioneering study of Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union first appeared in 1968, the high point of state-sponsored violence in the 1930s has been commonly referred to as the “Great Terror”. The subsequent adoption of the eponymous title by scholars to describe the broader phenomenon of “state terror” in the Stalinist period is similarly now widespread within the field. This terminology is, however, highly problematic. In the language and ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) terror was consistently portrayed as a threat to, rather than strategy of, the state. It formed part of a tightly controlled terminology of terror, rooted in the Party’s experiences of revolution and civil war, and employed by the regime to marginalize and condemn opponents in official propaganda and private discourse. This study will address this key distinction and illuminate an important element of continuity in the tactics, ideology and self-perception of the CPSU, and its satellite parties within the Communist International, when approaching challenges to their authority (both real and imagined), whether they were of a social, political or even international flavour. Deploying a case study approach, this paper will demonstrate the extent to which “terror” and other related language offered a stable characterisation of the “enemy” throughout the interwar period.

External motivations for Jespersen’s cycle

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-148
Author(s):  
Anne Breitbarth ◽  
Christopher Lucas ◽  
David Willis
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Pattern ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
The Stability

This chapter turns to external motivations for Jespersen’s cycle. Given the apparent diffusion pattern of the development in northwestern Europe observed in chapter 2, the current chapter considers the question of whether Jespersen’s cycle was a single innovation that spread through language contact, or whether there were several separate instances of Jespersen’s cycle in the languages of Europe and the Mediterranean. The timing of the changes in the different languages are mapped to the socio-historical situations, leading to the conclusion that in northwestern Europe at least, the trigger of Jespersen’s cycle was much less frequently contact-induced than previously thought. An in-depth case study of three Afro-Asiatic languages in North Africa, however, shows that language contact can lead to the diffusion of Jespersen’s cycle across a wide area. Furthermore, the stability of the transitional stage II may be related to the type of contact situation.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological explanation of seepage diseases in stone grottoes: a case study of Maijishan Grottoes, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huyuan Zhang ◽  
Rongguang Yu ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Shenqing Yang ◽  
Zhinan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Perched Aquifer ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This research studied the seepage diseases (water discharge and salt precipitation) in Maijishan Grottoes from the perspective of hydrogeology. Maijishan Grottoes is one of the extent large group of grottoes in China, where its cliff, on mount Maiji, the carrier of the grottoes, has been reinforced by concrete cover in a large area. As a case study, the physical and chemical processes of the seepage are deduced through the relationships between the flow rate of discharge water (DW) and precipitation, and through the water chemistry diversity including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and Ionic composition between DW and rainwater (RW) and a controlled spring water (SW). Constructive results are obtained. Firstly, a perched aquifer is confirmed in the mount. All the RW will gather at the aquifer, and then discharge through 3 independent routes that connect the aquifer and grotto site. 3 kinds of water discharge response to precipitation are defined to correspond to the 3 routs: Immediate Response (I.Resp), Delay Response (D.Resp), and Stealth Response (S.Resp), these responses make up the majority of the DW. On the other hand, 2-staged chemical evolution is also been confirmed during the seepage, where stage I took place in the aquifer and stage II took place at shallow, the concrete only participate in the chemical evolution at stage II, resulted in high pH [7.77, 11.69] and EC [513, 3540] (µS/cm) in DW compared to the SW and RW.

New insights into the evolution of Mississippi Valley-Type hydrothermal system: A case study of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, South China, using quartz in-situ trace elements and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Luo ◽  
Jia-Xi Zhou ◽  
Zhi-Long Huang ◽  
John Caulfield ◽  
Jian-Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
South China ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Pb Isotopes ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Mississippi Valley Type

Abstract Unraveling the evolution of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) hydrothermal system is crucial for understanding ore genesis and exploration. In this paper, we take the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit in the western Yangtze Block (South China) as a case study, using detailed ore deposit geology, quartz in situ trace elements, and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes, to propose a new integrated model for the evolution of MVT hydrothermal system. Four hydrothermal stages were identified in the Wusihe ore district: (I) lamellar pyrite-sphalerite; (II) disseminated, stock-work, and brecciated sphalerite-galena; (III) massive galena, and (IV) veined calcite-bitumen. Within the most representative stage (stage II), Al concentrations in quartz (Q) increase from 8.46–354 ppm (mean 134 ppm) of Q1 to 171–3049 ppm (mean 1062 ppm) of Q2, and then decrease to 3.18–149 ppm (mean 25.4 ppm) of Q3. This trend indicates the role of acid-producing processes that resulted from sulfide precipitation and acid consumption by carbonate buffering. The occurrence of authigenic non-altered K-feldspar provides further evidence that the ore-forming fluids were weakly acidic with pH values of > ~5.5. Moreover, new bulk δ34S values of sulfides (+1.8 to +14.3‰) are overall lower than those previously reported (+7.1 to +20.9‰), implying that in addition to thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) may play an important role in the formation of S2–. In situ δ34S values show a larger range (–4.3 to +26.6‰), and significantly, varies within single grains (up to +12.3‰), suggesting mixing of two isotopically distinct S2– end-members produced by TSR and BSR. The diagenetic and hydrothermal early phase (stage I) sulfides were formed within a nearly closed system of BSR, whereas the formation of late phase (stage II and stage III) sulfides was caused by the input of hydrothermal fluids that promoted TSR. New galena in situ Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 18.02–18.19, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.66–15.69, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.14–38.39) suggest that the sources of mineralizing metals in the Wusihe deposit are mainly Proterozoic basement rocks. Hence, a multi-process model (i.e., basin-mountain coupling, fluid mixing, local sulfate reduction, in situ acid-producing and involvement of black shales and carbonate sequences) was responsible for the formation of the Wusihe deposit, while S2– was produced by both TSR and BSR, providing new insights into the evolution of MVT hydrothermal system.

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