Trends and Developments in the Literature on Community Libraries in Africa

Libri ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Stranger-Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Community Libraries

AbstractCommunity libraries in Africa are growing in number, and are increasingly subject to academic research. The literature on community libraries spans 30 years, and this review shows how there has been a shift from conceptual to empirical publications. The early, conceptual literature stressed that community libraries should be by and for the community, support development, actively reach out, and provide relevant materials. These publications can to some extent be seen as reactions to the colonial legacy that national library services carried on after independence. The empirical research was analyzed using Kuhlthau’s (1999) framework for school libraries as a starting point. The major function of this framework is to provide a meta-analysis of the research, and further to relate this meta-analysis to the larger context in which this research is situated. The empirical literature reported mainly on student use. Much of the literature addressed lower-level issues, skills and outcomes, such as materials offered or borrowed, increased reading, and change in attitudes. However, limited attention was given to utilisation as an outcome. Attempts to find a causal relationship between library use and improved grades have been inconclusive. A major limitation of this framework is that it does not address the community aspect of these libraries that the empirical literature emphasized. This dual aspect of community libraries merits further exploration, and there is a need to develop theoretical frameworks that fit better with the realities of African communities and their libraries. There is also need for more research comparing community libraries across countries as well as within countries. The scholarly significance of this study is that is provides a comprehensive, critical review of the literature on community libraries in Africa and identifies caveats in the research literature. This will support future research on community libraries in Africa, an under-researched area.

scholarly journals The state of research on leader humor

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejun Tony Kong ◽  
Cecily D. Cooper ◽  
John J. Sosik
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
State Of Research

During the past two decades, the burgeoning literature on leader humor has documented various ways that humor enables leadership effectiveness. Yet there are problems of construct clarity and measurement associated with leader humor, as well as unanswered questions related to the theoretical frameworks and predictive value of leader humor. We provide a systematic review on leader humor, in which we address the issues of constructs—trait humor versus (behavioral) humor expression—and associated measures, discuss the main and emerging theoretical frameworks, assess the empirical literature via a meta-analysis and path analyses, and offer directions for future research. Our review not only offers theoretical insights for this research area, but also presents empirical gaps and opportunities through a quantitative summary.

Research on financial innovations: an interdisciplinary review

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad G. Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Era ◽  
Financial Innovations

PurposeThe financial industry offers a unique setting to study innovations. Financial innovations have fueled the growth of economies, markets and societies. The financial industry has successfully become the breeding ground for innovative services, processes, business models and technologies. This study seeks to provide a holistic view of the literature on financial innovations, synthesize the research findings and offer future directions for research in light of three market developments that are disrupting the industry and opening up a new era for the financial services industry. Disruptions from within and outside the industry offer new generations of radically innovative services. Moreover, new generations of consumers differ from previous generations in their needs and wants and look for innovative ways to handle their financial needs. Finally, significant developments related to financial innovations have emerged in Asia and developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study systematically reviews the academic research literature on financial innovations in two phases. The first phase provides a quantitative review of 546 journal articles published between 1990 and 2018. In the second phase, the study synthesizes the extant research on financial innovations and maps them in five research areas: firms' introduction and adoption of FIs, financial innovation development, the outcomes of financial innovations, regulations and intellectual property, and consumers.FindingsThe analysis found that disciplines differ with regard to the employed research methodologies, the units of analysis, sources of data and the innovations they examined. A positive trend in the number of published articles during this period is observed. However, studies have primarily focused on the USA and Europe and less so on other parts of the world. The literature synthesis further identifies research gaps in the available research that highlight future research opportunities in light of the three market disruptions. The financial services industry is on the brink of a new era due to disruptions from within and outside the industry and the entrance of new generations of consumers. Moreover, the financial industry has successfully become the breeding ground for innovative services, processes and business models. Therefore, financial innovations offer promising opportunities for bridging the gap between research on product and service innovations.Research limitations/implicationsThe work provides a holistic and systematic overview of extant research on financial innovations and highlights future research opportunities in light of the three disruptive market developments. It helps researchers take advantage of the opportunities in studying financial innovations while maintaining industry relevance.Originality/valueThe study is the first to review and synthesize the academic research literature on financial innovations across marketing, finance and innovation disciplines. In addition, the study highlights three primary disruptive forces in the financial industry and identifies future research directions in light of these disruptive forces.

scholarly journals Enterprise Risk Management: A Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Sorin Gabriel Anton ◽  
Anca Elena Afloarei Nucu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Enterprise Level

The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process has heterogeneously developed across the world, although it represents a leading paradigm, supporting organizations to identify, evaluate, and manage risks at the enterprise level. Academics have studied the process, but there is no complete picture of the determinants and implications of such an integrated risk management process. Therefore, we present a systematic empirical literature review on ERM, based on a research protocol. The review highlights that the ERM literature can be divided into four general lines of research: the ERM adoption, the determinants of the ERM implementation, the effects of ERM adoption, and other aspects. In contrast to the richness of studies devoted to ERM engagement in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), studies exploring ERM adoption in banks or insurance are relatively few. The literature review has revealed that the most frequently investigated effect of ERM is on firm performance. Little effort has been dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness of ERM by its components and to institutional, individual, and organizational factors that affect ERM adoption. The study can serve as a starting point for scholars to explore research gaps related to ERM, while the practitioners can rely on the presented findings to identify the effects of the ERM implementation.

Historical Traces of a General Measurement Theory in Psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S. Aftanas ◽  
Joanna Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Measurement

A review of the historical measurement theory literature in psychology reveals a recurring focus on a physical rather than a psychological model of the measurement process, whereas the active measurement research literature points to an emphasis on elements of a psychological measurement process. On the basis of the relevant portions of these anomalous findings the authors outline parts of a general measurement structure for psychology that begins with an essential theoretical base. The review first explores a century-old statement that developed a promising starting point within test development. This is followed by a diversionary statement based on physical measurement that mandated discussions of measurement in psychology to a physical model. The statement appeared to be countered by the theory of scale types ( Stevens, 1946 ), which provided a promising element of the psychological measurement process. The legacy of the theory of scales, however, resulted in confusion and inconsistency about the specifics of psychological measurement. After reviewing some of the contributions in the research literature, a conciliation of the positive theory efforts of the past and the protocols for a measurement process are presented that is based upon the standard system of measurement ( Aftanas, 1988 , 2006 ) as the basic theoretically necessary element of measurement. The theoretical framework based on the standard system promises not only to integrate the components of measurement, and categories of psychological measurement that have been referenced in the past, but also to provide an easily assimilated protocol that can serve as a basis for future research and pedagogical exposition.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Phonological Awareness and/or Phonics Instruction on Word and Pseudo Word Reading of English as an L2

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110591
Author(s):  
Dennis Murphy Odo
Keyword(s):  
Word Reading ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Instructional Interventions ◽  
Phonics Instruction ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Beginning Learners ◽  
Phonics Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Despite considerable efforts made to understand the impact that instructional interventions have upon L2 reading development, we still lack a clear picture of the influence that PA and phonics instruction has upon reading in English as an L2. A search of the research literature published from 1990 to 2019 yielded 45 articles with 46 studies containing 3,841 participants in total. Effect sizes were recorded for the effect of various PA and/or phonics instructional interventions on word and pseudo word reading. Results demonstrated that L2 PA and phonics instruction has a moderate effect on L2 word reading ( g = 0.53) and a large effect on pseudo word reading ( g = 1.51). Moderator analyses revealed effects of a number of moderators including testing method, type of PA/phonics intervention, and context where the intervention occurred. Based upon these conclusions, policymakers and educators can provide beginning learners of English as an L2 with PA and phonics instruction that will enable them to read, understand and enjoy English better. Future research should also strive to adhere to more stringent standards of excellence in educational research.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Attitude Toward Science and Academic Achievement in Science: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Mao ◽  
Zhihui Cai ◽  
Jinbo He ◽  
Xinjie Chen ◽  
Xitao Fan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attitude Toward Science

Science education is attracting increasing attention and many researchers focus on the issue about the attitude-achievement relationship in science, but there is still no consistent conclusion. By using a three-level meta-analytic approach, the aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between attitude toward science and academic achievement in learning science among primary and secondary school students, and to explore if some study characteristics could have contributed to the inconsistent findings with regard to this relationship as observed in the research literature. A total of 37 studies with 132 effect sizes involving a total of 1,042,537 participants were identified. The meta-analytic results revealed that there was an overall positive and moderate relationship between attitude toward science and learning achievement in science (r = 0.248, p < 0.001). The results further found that this association was moderated by the type of attitude and larger effect sizes were shown in self-efficacy than in interest, societal relevance of attitude toward science, and mixed attitude. Moreover, the effect sizes of studies with unstandardized measure to assess science achievement were larger than those with standardized measure. Possible explanations for these findings and its implications for future research directions were also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytic Literature Review on Organization-Level Drivers of Team Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-182
Author(s):  
Lydia C. Nellen ◽  
Wim H. Gijselaers ◽  
Therese Grohnert
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Team Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Organizational Infrastructure ◽  
Emergent States

Organizations have a marked interest in fostering team learning to manage performance and innovation. However, practitioners and researchers currently lack coherent knowledge on which drivers are effective at fostering team learning. Along with team learning, we also focus on the emergent states of psychological safety, shared cognition, team potency/efficacy, and cohesion, previously related to team learning. In this meta-analysis, we include 50 quantitative studies providing information on 4,778 teams of professionals across manufacturing, product development, academic research and teaching, health care, and professional services. First, we find that team learning correlates positively, if moderately, with four organization-level drivers: top-level leadership, organizational culture, job resources, and organizational infrastructure. Second, two of these drivers also correlate robustly with team emergent states: organizational culture and job resources. These findings provide specific levers and estimates of relative influence to guide managerial practice and future research on team learning.

#3118 Tic-severity moderators: a systematic review on the subjectivity of external and internal factors in moderating tic-severity in Tourette’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. A10.2-A11
Author(s):  
Francesca Conti ◽  
Himanshu Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Neutral Effect

ObjectivesChanges in the severity of tics in Tourettes syndrome (TS), as seen with variations in the intensity or frequency of tics, can be moderated by a variety of independent simple or complex factors suchasexternalorinternalstimulioverlaidwithpsychologicalandphysiological variables. Identifying such moderators has important clinical implications as it can aid clinicians in adjusting interventions. Here we review research literature related to tic-severity moderators and their tic-worsening, tic-improving and neutral effects in individuals with TS with the aim to create a clinical inventory of moderating variables.MethodsA literature search using terms relating to tic severity, tic frequency, factors and moderators was conducted on Ovid Medline, Psych Info, APA Psych Articles, ProQuest,Scopus and PubMed following PRISMA guidelines. The criteria for this review included any published study, review and meta-analysis after the last review in 2008, investigating external and internal factors that had a tic-worsening, improving or neutral effect on children, adolescents or adults with TS and comorbidities.Results225 studies were initially identified after deduplication. A variety of tic severity moderators were identified with the most prominent being the effects of exe, sleep, distraction and comorbidities such as ADHD. However, an interesting finding was the high variability in these tic-moderating effects, as the same factor was tic-worsening in some patients and tic-improving in others, highlighting the subjectivity of these effects on tic severity. It was also noted that most of there viewed research did not report the possibility of a neutral effect.ConclusionsAs previous research has looked at these moderators in a dichotomous way, clinicians and researchers should be made more aware of the existence and variability of these tic severity moderators and of their highly subjective effects. This also has important, direct implications for the psychological assessment and treatment of tics. This review invites future research and clinicians to take this holistic approach on the effects ontic severity into consideration.

What do we know about cryptocurrency? Past, present, future

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sawkat Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State

PurposeThe authors make a fundamental initial effort to conduct a systematic review analysis on “cryptocurrency,” mainly to analyze the way it has been changing the “stereotype” financial transactions, and also identify the probable unexplored research avenues on this innovative investment regime. The study aims to draw the landscape of the current state, prospects, challenges, trends and possible agendas of cryptocurrency in the global market.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quali-quantitative approach widely known as meta-literature review, the synthesis analysis on “cryptocurrency” is conducted. Methodologically, the authors review and analyze the most recent and relevant papers preferably published between 2016 and 2020 in leading business and finance journals of ISI Web of Science (ISI WOS) through bibliometric analysis particularly coupled with content analysis.FindingsThe findings of the meta-analysis summarize the relevant stylized facts of the cryptocurrency market: distinctive features of blockchain technology, decentralized payment method, low-cost facility, ensuring pseudo-anonymity, independence from central authority, double spending attack protection, organic and instantaneous nature, among others. In addition, the analysis identified several future research regimes: pricing model, prospect of investment regime, hedging properties, volatility dynamics, information asymmetry, underlying risk factors and bubble-like nature in global cryptocurrency market.Practical implicationsThis academic novelty significantly contributes to enhance our knowledge on the current state-of-the-art of digital finance, outlines the research agenda and eventually provides important investment implications for financial managers, research analysts, investors, market practitioners, regulatory compliance professionals and policymakers. Therefore, the findings shed the lights on new investment opportunity in the global market.Originality/valueCryptocurrency, virtual currency or digital asset having cryptography for idiosyncratic security features, seems to be a persistent paradigm shift in the digitalized financial system. Despite the continuing growth, the academic research on cryptocurrency is still at nascent stage, particularly because researchers did not deeply draw attention at this financial innovation. In addition, the authors argue that none of the earlier studies yet conducted a meta-analysis on this latest investment regime. Therefore, this review study is the initial attempt to fill up the gap in the finance literature.

Collaborating With Larger Partners

2019 ◽  
pp. 460-478
Author(s):  
Christian Lechner ◽  
Birthe Soppe ◽  
Karolina Heggli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Timely Topic

Although interfirm collaborations between entrepreneurial firms and established partners have become ubiquitous in organizational and business life, academic research on collaborations between start-ups and large industry leaders has only received limited attention. Such collaborations are also known as “asymmetric” or “unbalanced” relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a systematic literature review of the current state of research on collaborations between entrepreneurial and large firms. In particular, the chapter identifies several benefits and risks involved for entrepreneurial firms and uses the findings of the literature review as a springboard to provide a roadmap for future research on this timely topic.

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