Prenatal and early postnatal fatty acid status and neurodevelopmental outcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (s1) ◽  
pp. S28-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijna Hadders-Algra ◽  
Hylco Bouwstra ◽  
Saskia A. van Goor ◽  
D.A. Janneke Dijck-Brouwer ◽  
Frits A.J. Muskiet
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe present review addresses the effect of pre- and postnatal supplementation of nutrition with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on neurodevelopmental outcome. The few studies which addressed the effect of prenatal LCPUFA status or prenatal LCPUFA supplementation suggest that a better prenatal arachidonic acid (AA) and doxosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status might be related to a better neurodevelopmental outcome until at least 18 months of age. A review of the few randomized controlled trials on formula supplementation with LCPUFA in preterm infants did not provide evidence for a significant beneficial effect of LCPUFA on developmental outcome. A review of the trials on formula supplementation with LCPUFA in term infants revealed that supplementation with LCPUFA, in particularly supplementation with ≥0.30% DHA, has a beneficial effect on neurodevelopmental outcome until 4 months. The studies could not demonstrate a consistent positive effect beyond that age. It was concluded that the relatively subtle effects of LCPUFA supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcome do not only depend on dosage but also on the gestational period during which the nutritional components are supplied: supplementation prior to term seems to have more effect than that after term.

scholarly journals The Timing of Initiating Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants and Its Effect on Overweight: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin M. Vissers ◽  
Edith J.M. Feskens ◽  
Johannes B. van Goudoever ◽  
Arieke J. Janse
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: What is the appropriate time to start complementary feeding for preterm infants? The answer to this question is yet under debate. The timing of initiating complementary feeding may be associated with overweight in term infants. This systematic review aimed to study the effect of the timing of initiating complementary feeding on overweight in preterm infants. Predefined search items included preterm infants, complementary feeding, overweight, and their synonyms. Summary: The search identified 15,749 articles, of which 5 articles were included. Three studies presented data of randomized controlled trials and 2 studies were cohort studies. Two randomized controlled trials found no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) Z-score between the intervention groups at 12 months of age. One randomized controlled trial presented a significant greater mean rate of growth in length per week until 12 months in the preterm weaning strategy-group compared with the current best practices. One observational study concluded that each month the infants received complementary food later, the Z-score for length and weight was reduced by 0.1. Key Messages: No clear conclusion could be drawn from the included studies. This review illustrates the need for further research to access the effect of the timing of initiating complementary feeding on overweight in preterm infants.

scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions enhance HIV medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1326-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascalle Spaan ◽  
Sanne van Luenen ◽  
Nadia Garnefski ◽  
Vivian Kraaij
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Improve Medication Adherence ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Effect

About 40 per cent of people living with HIV do not sufficiently adhere to their medication regimen, which adversely affects their health. The current meta-analysis investigated the effect of psychosocial interventions on medication adherence in people living with HIV. Databases were systematically searched, resulting in 43 included randomized controlled trials. Study and intervention characteristics were investigated as moderators. The overall effect size indicates a small to moderate positive effect (Hedges’ g = 0.37) of psychosocial interventions on medication adherence in people living with HIV. No evidence for publication bias was found. This meta-analysis study concludes that various psychosocial interventions can improve medication adherence and thereby the health of people living with HIV.

Anxiety and Coping with Anxiety in Patients with COVID-19: A review of the existing literature (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo Akhigbe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Positive Effect

BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant fear and extreme anxiety in patients; this can lead to strong emotional state that can negatively impact their mental health and immune system. While the nature and effect of COVID-19 on mental health status yet to be determined , existing literatures offer some clues to understand what to expect in dealing with COVID-19 anxiety. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of anxiety and coping with anxiety in COVID-19 patients METHODS This is a narrative review of existing literature relevant to COVID-19 pandemic via pubmed, emebase and google scholar database on anxiety in patients with COVID- 19 and represented in a search flow. Articles search with use of key words in various permutations and combinations RESULTS Total number of 73 articles were identified, following deduplication and exclusion of non-relevant studies two major articles, observational and randomized controlled trials were identified with broad themes of specifically on effect of anxiety on COVID-19 patients. These two publications were written in English and from Chinese centres. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence revealed that increased social capital will improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress of patients in self-isolation, also progressive muscle relaxation has a positive effect on improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety in patients with COVID-19. These findings have some serious clinical and public health implications hence this is a call for further research

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