Laser Diode to Single Mode Circular Core Graded Index Fiber Excitation via Hemispherical Microlens on the Fiber Tip: Identification of Suitable Refractive Index Profile for Maximum Efficiency with Consideration for Allowable Aperture

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashima Bose ◽  
Sankar Gangopadhyay ◽  
Subhas Chandra Saha
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Graded Index

Utilizing multimode interference effects in integrated graded-index optical waveguides for efficient power splitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1556-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Philipp Roth ◽  
Thomas Kühler ◽  
Elmar Griese
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Multimode Interference ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Waveguide Components ◽  
Efficient Power

Purpose For the realization of optical waveguide components, needed for photonic integrated circuits, multimode-interference based (MMI-based) devices are an excellent component class for the realization of low loss optical splitters. A promising approach to the manufacturing of these components is their embedding in thin glass sheets by ion-exchange diffusion processes, which has not yet been extensively studied. This study aims to significantly enhance the modeling of the diffusion process to support manufacturing of graded-index, MMI-based optical splitters. Design/methodology/approach The methods of design and analysis of MMI-based components are based on a step-index refractive index profile. In this work, fundamental correlations between the properties of the manufacturing ion-exchange process and the characteristics of the graded-index, MMI-based components are established. The refractive index profile is calculated with a proprietary solver based on the finite element method. Any further investigation with respect to parameter influence is based on the beam propagation method, specifically a finite difference based, semi-vectorial, wide-angle beam propagation algorithm. The influence of the parameters of the self-imaging effect is investigated. On this basis, different approaches for efficient power splitting with graded-index, MMI-based waveguide components are evaluated. Findings Easy approximations – mostly linear – can be found to model the dependencies of the investigated parameters. The resulting graded-index splitters are characterized by their low excess and insertion loss. Originality/value These findings are the first step in the direction of the semi-analytical modeling of the respective waveguide components to reduce the numerical effort.

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