Relative fungal efficacy results from the soil block test with a long incubation period of three commercial copper wood preservatives

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor P. Schultz ◽  
Darrel D. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Particulate Copper ◽  
The One ◽  
Block Test ◽  
A Site ◽  
Copper Azole ◽  
Sensitive Fungus ◽  
Copper Tolerant

Abstract Development of new wood preservative systems is a lengthy and expensive endeavor. This study examined soil block experiments with a longer incubation time than typical to make the test harsher, using commercial particulate copper azole (PCA), soluble copper azole (CA-C), and soluble alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ-D) systems. Both the CA-C and PCA systems performed poorly compared to ACQ-D with two copper tolerant fungi, even at retentions well above the specified ground-contact residential level, i.e., Use Category 4A (UC4A). With the one copper sensitive fungus examined, PCA and ACQ-D prevented decay at about half the UC4A retention. To compare these laboratory efficacy results, data from an outdoor accelerated post test with a copper tolerant fungus gave efficacies of ACQ > CA-C >> PCA, with PCA having significantly more decay than the two soluble copper systems. Further confirmation was obtained from recently published E7 stake data conducted at a site with extensive copper tolerant fungi, which suggested that ACQ performed better than PCA and CA-B after about 3 years of exposure in agreement with the harsh soil block results with the two copper-tolerant fungi. Conversely, results from four other sites without a history of extensive copper tolerant fungi are interpreted that all three systems generally performed adequately, which is compatible with the soil block test with the one copper sensitive fungus examined.

PENGARUH SENAM KAKI TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Sukesi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Penyakit Diabetes Melitus dapat menyebabkan komplikasi yang sangat berat. Komplikasi dari Diabetes Melitus ini meliputi jantung iskemik, serebrovaskuler, gagal ginjal, ulkus pada kaki, gangguan penglihatan. Komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi adanya perubahan patologis pada anggota gerak bawah yang disebut kaki diabetik. Salah satu jenis olahraga yang dianjurkan dengan diabetes mellitus adalah senam kaki. Senam kaki merupakan latihan yang dilakukan bagi penderita DM atau bukan penderita untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dan membantu melancarkan peredaran darah bagian kaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh senam kaki terhadap kadar gula darah pasien diabetes mellitus. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah Quasy Eksperiment dengan rancangan Pre and Post Test Without Control. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive sampling. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan instrument observasi senam kaki untuk menilai senam kaki, dan alat menilai kadar gula darah yaitu glucometer, kapas dan jarum. Rata-rata kadar gula darah sebelum dan setelah dilakukan senam kaki mengalami penurunan dan ada pengaruh kadar gula darah sebelum dengan sesudah dilakukan senam kaki pada pasien diabetes melitusKata Kunci: Senam Kaki, Kadar Gula Darah THE EFFECT OF GYMNASTIC FEET TOWARD THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL FOR THE DIABETICSDiabetes Mellitus causes the complication case. It concludes the heart iskemik, serebrovaskuler, cronic kidney disease, ulcus on the feet, and the impairment of sight. The complication often causes the changing of pathological in certain place such as feet. The one of recommended sport for diabetics is gymnastic feet. Gymnastic feet is an experience for diabetics or not in order to prevent the wound and launch the blood circulation. The research objective is to analyze the effect of gymnastic feet to blood sugar level for diabetics. The research design is using experiment quasy with pre and post test without control. It is using consecutive sampling as the sample of collecting technique, and using observation of gymnastic feet as the collecting data technique to assess the blood sugar level, those are glucometer, cotton, and needle. The average of blood sugar level is decrease after doing the gymnastic feet. Moreover, there is differences between after and before doing the gymnastic feet for diabetics.Key Words : Gymnastic Feet, Blood sugar level

The Effect of The Using of Computer Games On Academic Success In Teaching English To 8th Grade Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Dos ◽  
Zeynep Sinem Balıkçıoğlu ◽  
Semih Şengel
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
National Education ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Education Measurement ◽  
The One

<p>In this study, the effect of using computer games in an English teaching classof the 8th grade students in secondary school is investigated. A total of 112 8th grade students, 57 in the experimental group and 55 in the control group, participated in the study. Academic Achievement Tests prepared by Ministry of National Education, Measurement, Evaluation and Exam Services Department were used as pre-test and post-test. Eight of the games, which were prepared specifically for Grade 8 students, were used in the Experimental Information Network (EBA). Preliminary tests as covariant, final tests as dependent variables and applied to groups of teaching and traditional teaching were discussed as independent variables. According to the one-way covariance analysis (COVARIANCE) results, it was found that the game was more effective than traditional teaching and this effect was moderate. In addition, it was determined that 36% of the final test scores of the students learning the game were explained by the game.</p>

Unraveling the natural durability of wood: revealing the impact of decay-influencing characteristics other than fungicidal components

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte De Ligne ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Jan M. Baetens ◽  
Bernard De Baets ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of fungicidal components in wood has been known for ages, yet there is no method to assess the impact of such components on the durability of a wood species, as compared to other material characteristics that influence decay. In this paper, the importance of fungicidal effects on the natural durability of 10 wood species is assessed in relation to other decay-influencing factors with a new test, the so-called ‘paste test’. By comparing results from this test with the ‘mini-block test’, on both heartwood and leached sapwood, insight is gained into the significance of fungicidal components on the one hand and other material characteristics on the other hand. The durability of species such as Prunus avium was attributed mainly to fungicidal components. For species such as Pterocarpus soyauxii, durability seemed to be an effect of both fungicidal components and moisture-regulating components, while the latter seemed to be of main importance in regulating the decay of Aucoumea klaineana and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Wood-anatomical features, such as the parenchyma content (in case of brown rot fungi) and the vessel-fiber ratio, possibly affect degradation as well. This work shows that fungicidal components are not always of major importance for the durability of a wood species. The authors hereby emphasize the importance of moisture-regulating components and wood anatomy on the durability of wood.

The Effectiveness of Durante Hemodialysis Packed Red Cells (PRC) Transfusion on Hemoglobin Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-018
Author(s):  
Pria Wahyu Romadhon Girianto ◽  
Mega Wahyu Mulyasari
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The One

Renal Disease was a chronic disease that the most attacking people in Indonesia. Damage to this vital organ in the human body greatly affected a person's health condition, one of which was anemia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Durante hemodialysis PRC transfusions on hemoglobin levels. The method used was Pre-experimental design, with the One group pre-post test design approach. With a sample of 49 patients who underwent regular hemodialysis at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Data were obtained by direct observation. Processed by computerized methods with a statistical t-test, the significance level (α) was 0.05. The study results showed that the hemoglobin levels of the pre-Durante hemodialysis PRC transfusion patients were 4-5 mg/dl (53.06%), and the hemoglobin levels of the post-Durante hemodialysis PRC transfusion patients were 6.1-7 mg/dl (34.69%). The results of statistical tests showed that there was an increase in hemoglobin levels in patients who received Durante hemodialysis PRC transfusion by 1.22 mg/dl because p-value = 0.000 < 0.05 (α) means that there was an effect. It could be concluded that the delivery of Durante hemodialysis PRC transfusion could help increase hemoglobin levels. This finding was very helpful for chronic Renal Disease patients undergoing hemodialysis, who have been using erythropoietin preparations because PRC transfusions were cheaper and more effective when compared to using erythropoietin preparations

scholarly journals The T788G Mutation in thecyp51CGene Confers Voriconazole Resistance in Aspergillus flavus Causing Aspergillosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2598-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Weixia Liu ◽  
Zhe Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTWith voriconazole (VRC) being approved as the first choice in treating invasive aspergillosis (IA) and its increasing use in treatment, a VRC-resistant strain ofAspergillus flavus, the second leading cause of IA afterAspergillus fumigatus, has emerged. The VRC-resistant strain ofA. flavuswas isolated for the first time from the surgical lung specimen of an IA patient with no response to VRC therapy. In order to ascertain the mechanism of VRC resistance, the azole target enzyme genes in this strain ofA. flavuswere cloned and sequenced, and 4 mutations generating amino acid residue substitutions were found in thecyp51Cgene. To further determine the role of this mutated gene for VRC resistance inA. flavus, anAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene replacement approach was applied. Consequently, the mutatedcyp51Cgene from thisA. flavusstrain was proven to confer the VRC resistance. Finally, to discern the one out of the four mutations in thecyp51Cgene that is responsible for contributing to VRC resistance, a site-directed gene mutagenesis procedure combined with a gene replacement method was performed. As a result, the T788G missense mutation in thecyp51Cgene was identified as responsible for VRC resistance inA. flavus. These findings indicated that the detection of this mutation inA. flavuscould serve as an indicator for physicians to avoid the use of VRC during IA treatment. Further comprehensive surveillance for antifungal susceptibility, as well as intensive study on the mechanism of azole resistance inA. flavuscausing IA, would be required to fully understand this mechanism.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DRILLING TOWARD STUDENTS VOCABULLARY IN SIDOMUKTI VILLAGE GRESIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Gadis Dinda Finissha ◽  
Nisa Fitri Amalia ◽  
Slamet Asari ◽  
Andi Rahmad Rahim ◽  
Sukaris Sukaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Classroom Activity ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The One

The aims of this study to know student vocabulary through drill vocabulary on second grade Elementary school in Sidomukti village, Kebomas Gresik. The participant from Elementary School until Junior high school and the enthusiastic of participant is good around 25-30 in every meeting.  Classroom activity was made fun but still get knowledge through game and material worksheet based on topic. Then drilling  method that is applied in the classroom, students not only listen theory but try to answer question in worksheet. Researcher want to make more relaxed learning atmosphere in every meeting in order to student did not bored, researcher try to guide student from worksheet to increase their  vocabulary. Vocabulary is the one of focus in this learning, their ability in vocabulary is variative because they are from different level Elementary School and Junior High School. Every meeting we try to drill their vocabulary so we hope their vocabulary increase step by step. We try to drill their vocabulary in every meeting to recognize some of vocabulary related with the material and  also try  to make student motivated for answer the question. This research method using pre-test and post-test for retrieve data .The result from this learning is participant happy and enjoy, their vocabulary ability and their vocabulary increase also. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN (PENKES) GIGI DAN MULUT TERHADAP PRAKTIK MENYIKAT GIGI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI SDN 018 BONRA KECAMATAN LUYO KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Rasdiyanah Rahim
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The One

Latar Belakang: Menurut World Health Oganisation (WHO) tahun 2012 diperkirakan bahwa 90% dari anak sekolah di dunia dan sebagian besar orang dewasa pernah menderita karies gigi. Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi dan mulut merupakan salah satu upaya meningkatkan kesehatan karena hal tersebut dapat mencegah terjadinya berbagai penyakit rongga mulut. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakat Indonesia masih merupakan hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius dari tenaga kesehatan, baik dokter dan perawat gigi, hal ini terlihat bahwa penyakit gigi dan mulut masih diderita oleh 90 % penduduk Indonesia. Tercatat bahwa anak usia 9-11 tahun masih belum terlalu memperhatikan kebersihan mulut mereka dengan tidak memperhatikan cara menggosok gigi yang baik dan benar. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan (Penkes) gigi dan mulut terhadap praktik menyikat gigi pada anak usia sekolah di SDN 018 Bonra Kec. Luyo Kab. Polewali Mandar. Desain penelitian: Penelitiaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain penelitian The One Group Pre-Test and Post-test design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan februari sampai mei 2017 denagnjumlah sampel sebanyak 42 responden.

scholarly journals SELF-REGULATED LEARNING IN CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH BASED SCIENCE LABORATORY PRACTICES AND OPINIONS ON CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Emine Erdem ◽  
Sinem Dinçol Özgür ◽  
Zeki Bayram ◽  
Özge Özyalçın Oskay ◽  
Şenol Şen
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Teaching Laboratory ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Post Test ◽  
University Department ◽  
The One

With this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of constructivist chemistry laboratory on science and technology pre-service teachers’ opinions about constructivist approach and their self-regulated learning skills.The relationship between pre-service teachers’ opinions about constructivist approach and their self-regulated learning skills was investigated. The one group pre-test-post-test design was used in the study. The sample of the study was 58 pre-service teachers from Hacettepe University, Department of Science Education, who were attending chemistry experiments at Science Teaching Laboratory Applications II Course. Self-regulated Learning Skills Scale developed by Turan and Demirel (2010) and Opinion Scale of Constructivist Approach for Science Teachers developed by Balım, Kesercioğlu, Evrekli ve İnel (2009) were used as data collection tools. At the end of the study, it was determined that constructivist chemistry laboratory applications caused a positive increase in pre-service teachers’ self-regulated learning skills and opinions about constructivist approach. Also, there was a positive relationship between pre-service teachers’ self-regulated learning skills and opinions about constructivist approach that was observed. Key words: constructivist approach, self-regulated learning, chemistry laboratory applications, pre-service teachers.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA PERMAINAN SUDOKU DALAM MENGHAFAL HURUF KANA (Menggunakan Metode Eksperimen Quasi Terhadap Siswa Japanese Club SMP Laboratorium Percontohan UPI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Konstantina Adinda Putrilani ◽  
Renariah Renariah ◽  
Neneng Sutjiati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Experiment Design ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One

Ketika mempelajari bahasa Jepang di sekolah, aspek dasar yang harus dipelajari siswa adalah huruf Jepang. Dalam sistem penulisan, bahasa Jepang memiliki empat huruf, yaitu huruf kanji, hiragana, katakana, dan roomaji. Tetapi sebelum tahap belajar huruf kanji, terlebih dahulu siswa mempelajari huruf hiragana dan katakana yang biasa disebut huruf kana. Huruf kana terdiri atas 96 huruf dimana huruf hiragana dan huruf katakana tersebut bentuknya mirip. Hal ini menyebabkan siswa kesulitan untuk mempelajari huruf kana. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu media untuk mempermudah pembelajar mempelajari huruf kana. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah media permainan. Dalam penelitian ini, media permainan yang digunakan adalah media permainan sudoku yang sudah di modifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran huruf kana, sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media permainan sudoku. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media permainan sudoku terhadap pembelajaran huruf kana, dan untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap penggunaan media permainan sudoku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode experimen quasi dengan desain eksperimen yaitu one group pre-test - post-test. Sampel penelitian adalah anggota Japanese Club sebanyak 20 orang yang diambil dari populasi SMP Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes, angket dan obsevasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, nilai t hitung sebesar 6.53. Nilai t tabel sebesar 2.09 pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan 2.86 pada taraf signifikansi 1%. Dengan demikian, diperoleh hasil t hitung lebih besar dibandingkan nilai t tabel pada taraf signifikansi 5% (6.53 > 2.09). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengguanaan media permainan sudoku dalam pembelajaran huruf kana sangat efektif. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil analisis data angket, responden memberikan tanggapan yang positif terhadap penggunaan media permainan sudoku yaitu menarik, dan mudah diikuti. When studying Japanese at school, basic aspects must study is the Japanese letter. In its writing system, Japanese has four letters, namely kanji, hiragana, katakana, and roomaji. Before the stage of kanji learning, firstly, students have to learn hiragana and katakana which are commonly called kana. Kana, composed of 96 letters where the letter of the hiragana and katakana are barely different. This causes difficulties for students to learn kana. Therefore, we need a media to facilitate learners to learn kana. One medium that can be used are game as the learning media. This study, the media used is a sudoku game that has been modified. The purpose of this study is to acknowledge students’ ability in learning kana, before and after using the sudoku game as a media. In addition, this study also aims to analyze the influence of sudoku game usage as the media in learning kana Letters, and to find out the students' response to the use of sudoku game as a media. This study uses a quasi experiment method with the one group pre-test - post-test as experiment design. Samples were 20 students from Japanese Club members who were taken from a population of SMP Laboratorum Percontohan UPI Bandung. The instrument used was test, questionnaire and observation. Based on the data analysis, the t value at 6.53. T table at 2.09 on a significance level of 5% and 2.86 at 1% significance level. Thus, the results obtained that t value is greater than t table at a significance level of 5% (6.53> 2.09). This shows that the usage of sudoku game as media is a very effective in learning kana. In addition, based on data analysis of the questionnaire, the respondents gave a positive response to the use of media sudoku game that are attractive, and easy to follow

scholarly journals Haurtzaroko sexu abusuak: prebentzio programa baten eraginkortasuna frogatzen

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-114
Author(s):  
Ane Díez ◽  
Zuriñe Gaintza
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Protective Behaviours

This study assesses how knowledge about protective behaviours against sexual abuse changes among 6 to 7 year-olds 22 girls and boys, after implementing the programme “Grita muy fuerte" (Shout out loud). The program is developed over 5 weeks in sessions of 60 minutes per week. In order to determine the effect of it, an evaluation is carried out with pre-test and post-test measures included in the program itself. According to the results, on the one hand, all students improve their knowledge of protective behaviours against sexual abuse and, on the other hand, in terms of gender, girls have greater knowledge than boys. It is concluded that the programme is effective in increasing awareness of protective behaviours against sexual abuse and that it is therefore advisable to set up this type of experience as part of the schools' educational project.

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