Fungal pretreatment of pine wood to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stratev ◽  
Cornelia Gradinger ◽  
Thomas Ters ◽  
Karin Fackler ◽  
Thomas Kuncinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Abstract Sterilized pine wood strands were treated with the ascomycete Ophiostoma piliferum (Cartapip 97™) in an attempt to reduce aldehyde emissions through degradation of aldehyde-forming precursors. Wooden boards were then produced from the treated strands by means of a laboratory press. VOC emissions of these boards were characterized and the concentrations of seven major substances were followed for a period of 28 days in Markes μ-CTE micro-chambers employing Tenax-TDAS/GC/MS analytics. Boards made from treated strands showed a highly significant (P<0.001) reduction in aldehyde emissions by 70% compared to the control boards, while differences in the monoterpene emissions were not significant (P>0.05). Wood extractives from treated and untreated strands were also analyzed by GC/MS after milling and acetone/water extraction. A marked decrease of C18 unsaturated fatty acids was detected in agreement with the reduction of aldehyde emissions, and the monosaccharides as indicators of fungal growth were depleted and stilbenes and lignans were partially degraded.

scholarly journals Myristate can be used as a carbon and energy source for the asymbiotic growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Sugiura ◽  
Rei Akiyama ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
Koji Yano ◽  
Hiromu Kameoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, forming symbiotic associations with land plants, are obligate symbionts that cannot complete their natural life cycle without a host. Recently, fatty acid auxotrophy of AM fungi is supported by studies showing that lipids synthesized by the host plants are transferred to the fungi and that the latter lack genes encoding cytosolic fatty acid synthases (1-7). Therefore, to establish an asymbiotic cultivation system for AM fungi, we tried to identify the fatty acids that could promote biomass production. To determine whether AM fungi can grow on medium supplied with fatty acids or lipids under asymbiotic conditions, we tested eight saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (C12–C18) and two β-monoacylglycerols. Only myristate (C14:0) led to an increase in biomass of Rhizophagus irregularis, inducing extensive hyphal growth and formation of infection-competent secondary spores. However, such spores were smaller than those generated symbiotically. Furthermore, we demonstrated that R. irregularis can take up fatty acids in its branched hyphae and use myristate as a carbon and energy source. Myristate also promoted the growth of Rhizophagus clarus and Gigaspora margarita. Finally, mixtures of myristate and palmitate accelerated fungal growth and induced a substantial change in fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol compared with single myristate application, although palmitate was not used as a carbon source for cell wall biosynthesis in this culture system. In conclusion, here we demonstrate that myristate boosts asymbiotic growth of AM fungi and can also serve as a carbon and energy source.Significance statementThe origins of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form symbiotic associations with land plants, date back over 460 million years ago. During evolution, these fungi acquired an obligate symbiotic lifestyle, and thus depend on their host for essential nutrients. In particular, fatty acids are regarded as crucial nutrients for the survival of AM fungi owing to the absence of genes involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in the AM fungal genomes that have been sequenced so far. Here, we show that myristate initiates AM fungal growth under asymbiotic conditions. These findings will advance pure culture of AM fungi.

scholarly journals Myristate can be used as a carbon and energy source for the asymbiotic growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (41) ◽  
pp. 25779-25788
Author(s):  
Yuta Sugiura ◽  
Rei Akiyama ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
Koji Yano ◽  
Hiromu Kameoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, forming symbiotic associations with land plants, are obligate symbionts that cannot complete their natural life cycle without a host. The fatty acid auxotrophy of AM fungi is supported by recent studies showing that lipids synthesized by the host plants are transferred to the fungi, and that the latter lack genes encoding cytosolic fatty acid synthases. Therefore, to establish an asymbiotic cultivation system for AM fungi, we tried to identify the fatty acids that could promote biomass production. To determine whether AM fungi can grow on medium supplied with fatty acids or lipids under asymbiotic conditions, we tested eight saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (C12 to C18) and two β-monoacylglycerols. Only myristate (C14:0) led to an increase in the biomass ofRhizophagus irregularis, inducing extensive hyphal growth and formation of infection-competent secondary spores. However, such spores were smaller than those generated symbiotically. Furthermore, we demonstrated thatR. irregulariscan take up fatty acids in its branched hyphae and use myristate as a carbon and energy source. Myristate also promoted the growth ofRhizophagus clarusandGigaspora margarita. Finally, mixtures of myristate and palmitate accelerated fungal growth and induced a substantial change in fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol compared with single myristate application, although palmitate was not used as a carbon source for cell wall biosynthesis in this culture system. Our findings demonstrate that myristate boosts the asymbiotic growth of AM fungi and can also serve as a carbon and energy source.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-CYTOTOXIC AND ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA AND VERNONIA POLYANTHES (ASTERACEAE) EXTRACTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Sula M. V. Feleti ◽  
Renê L. Aleluia ◽  
Suiany V. Gervásio ◽  
Jean Carlos V. Dutra ◽  
Jessica R. P. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

The study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and the biological effects of G. parviflora and V. polyanthes ethanolic extracts in vitro. Total content of phenols, flavonoids and tannins was quantified by spectrophotometry; chemical characterization was permed by mass spectrometry (ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and APCI (+) FT-ICR MS analysis). Antioxidant activities were determined by FRAP and Fe2+ chelating methods. Extracts cytotoxicity was evaluated in human lymphocytes, sarcoma-180 (S-180) and human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, by MTT assay. V. polyanthes presented higher total content of tannins and G. parviflora presented higher amount of phenols and flavonoids. Chemical characterization showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in V. polyanthes extract, and steroids, phenolic acids and fatty acids (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids - PUFA) in G. parviflora extract. V. polyanthes extract stood out in the Fe2+ chelation test. G. parviflora extract did not present outstanding antioxidant results in the tested protocols. Both species showed a tendency to promote cytotoxicity in human lymphocyte cells. Regarding the antiproliferative effect, both species were able to reduce S-180 cell viability and G. parviflora extract showed high antiproliferative potential in the assay with AGS cells. These findings reinforce the medicinal use of these plants, as well as suggest their potential use for the development of new drugs and for the treatment of cancers.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

Drug Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Utilizing Omega-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1309-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Akagi ◽  
Katsuyuki Hoshina ◽  
Toshiaki Watanabe ◽  
Micheal S. Conte
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Abdominal Aortic
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