Novel paper sizing agents from renewables. Part 3: Emulsion stability and hydrolysis behavior compared to conventional sizes

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lackinger ◽  
Akira Isogai ◽  
Leo Schmid ◽  
Jürgen Sartori ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Sizing Agents ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The hydrolytic stability and sizing behavior of a new paper sizing agent based on renewable vegetable oils (maleated sunflower oil, high oleic: MSOHO) was compared to two conventional alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) specimens, a commercial sample, and a reagent-grade ASA sample. At various pH conditions as well as upon addition of Ca2+ ions, MSOHO was more stable than both ASA samples. This superior stability of MSOHO was also supported by zeta potential measurements over 1 week. Whereas for sizing of paper higher dosages of MSOHO were needed to gain certain water repellency as compared to the ASA samples, the addition of alum had a pronounced positive effect on the sizing efficiency of MSOHO. The higher stability of MSOHO made it possible to size with an MSOHO-starch emulsion that was aged for one day at room temperature, when conventional ASA-starch emulsion had long lost any sizing efficiency.

Novel paper sizing agents based on renewables. Part 4: Application properties in comparison to conventional ASA sizes

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lackinger ◽  
Leo Schmid ◽  
Jürgen Sartori ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
Thomas Rosenau
Keyword(s):  
Water Molecules ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Anhydride Group ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Reaction With Water ◽  
Sizing Agents

Abstract Reactive paper sizing agents, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), provide hydrophobicity to paper. The reactive anhydride group of these reagents is highly susceptible to reaction with water and thus resistance against hydrolysis is of primary importance for their practical application. This study describes different application-relevant properties of recently developed sizing agents that are based on renewable vegetable oils including hydrolysis behavior, time-dependent sizing efficiency, and tendency to form deposits or foam. The novel sizing agents – maleated high oleic sunflower oil (MSOHO) and maleated rapeseed oil (MRSO) – are compared to conventional ASA as the state-of-the-art sizing agent. Although the reactive group is the same in all reagents, there are pronounced differences between the three reagents, with MSOHO showing the best performance, i.e., the slowest hydrolysis. This oil has a higher ratio of hydrophobic side chains that impede the water attack at the anhydride group. Also, the higher viscosity of MSOHO plays an important role in performance, because diffusion of water molecules into a MSOHO emulsion droplet is much slower than in the case of conventional ASA.

Novel paper sizing agents from renewables. Part 2: Characterization of maleated high oleic sunflower oil (MSOHO)

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lackinger ◽  
Leo Schmid ◽  
Jürgen Sartori ◽  
Akira Isogai ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Sizing Agents

Abstract Maleated oils derived from high oleic sunflower oil (MSOHO) have promising applications in paper sizing as a green alternative to conventional reactive sizing agents, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride. In this study, MSOHO was comprehensively characterized analytically by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with full resonance assignment, and mass spectrometry.

Novel Paper Sizing Agents Based on Renewables. Part 6: Sizing Properties of Maleated High Oleic Sunflower Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lackinger ◽  
Johannes Fallmann ◽  
Jürgen Sartori ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
Thomas Rosenau
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Sizing Agents

Novel paper sizing agents based on renewables. Part 5: characterization of maleated oleates by ozonolysis

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lackinger ◽  
Jürgen Sartori ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
Thomas Rosenau
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Molecular Fragments ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Sizing Agents

Abstract Maleated high oleic sunflower oil (maleated SOHO, MSOHO) is a promising substitute for alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) that are widely used as sizing agents for paper. The part of the MSOHO molecule that is believed to be responsible for adhesion of the molecule onto cellulose, i.e., the maleated oleic acid moiety, was separately prepared and analytically characterized. Structural analysis was completed by studies of the molecular fragments obtained upon ozonolysis. The interesting question of whether there was a preferential reactivity during the ene-reaction of maleic anhydride with oleates was answered in a way that the newly formed double bond was placed to either side with no apparent selectivity.

Influence of Polymer Charge, Temperature, and Surfactants on Surface Sizing of Liner and Greaseproof Paper With Hydrophobically Modified Starch

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA JONHED ◽  
LARS JÄRNSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Surface Sizing ◽  
Separation Temperature ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Sizing Agents ◽  
Charge Temperature

The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of hydrophobically modified (HM) quaterna-ry ammonium starch ethers for paper sizing. These starches possess temperature-responsive properties; that is, gelation or phase separation occurs at a certain temperature upon cooling. This insolubility of the HM starches in water at room temperature improved their performance as sizing agents. The contact angles for water on sized liner were substantially larger than on unsized liner. When the application temperature was well above the critical phase-separation temperature, larger contact angles were obtained for liner independently of pH compared with those at the lower application temperature. Cobb60 values for liner decreased upon surface sizing, with a low pH and high application temperature giving lower water penetration. Contact angles on greaseproof paper decreased upon sur-face sizing as compared to unsized greaseproof paper, independently of pH and temperature. Greaseproof paper showed no great difference between unsized substrates and substrates sized with HM starch at different pH. This is probably due to the already hydrophobic nature of greaseproof paper. However, the Cobb60 values increased at low pH and low application temperature. Surfactants were added to investigate how they affect the sized surface. Addition of surfactant reduces the contact angles, in spite of indications of complex formation.

scholarly journals Effects of Mycotoxin Sequestering Agents Added Into Feed on Health, Reproduction and Milk Yield of Dairy Cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Michal Hulík ◽  
Ladislav Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Effects of mycotoxin sequestering agents in feed on health, reproduction and milk yield of dairy cattle were studied in a 5-month long experiment on 300 dairy cows divided into two groups and six subgroups. The experiment was conducted in adding a mycotoxin sequestering agent based on 1,3 and 1,6 β-glucans to standard cattle nutrition (TMR), which was regularly tested for content of important mycotoxins, in order to gain knowledge about possible positive effect of this agent on the health of dairy cattle and about possible avoidance of negative effects of mycotoxins on dairy cattle due to their structural elimination caused by the agent. The experiment’s setting and conditions during it were in all aspects common and comparable within the European Union, the experiment’s results should be therefore seen as relevant. Health, pregnancy rate and milk yield were carefully monitored during the experiment. Indicators of state of health (occurrence of mastitis and somatic cell count in milk) did not show any significant differences between test and control groups of dairy cows. The average milk yield of dairy cows which were fed the agent enriched feed (30.2 kg a day) was slightly lower in comparison to control groups (31 kg a day, both results with P < 0.001), however, fat content of milk of test groups’ cows (4.02%) was considerably higher than that of control groups’ cows (3.79%). The average pregnancy rate of cows which were fed the agent enriched feed also manifested considerable increase in percentage and stability (from 42.95% of control groups’ cows to 62.25% of test groups’ cows, the standard deviation decreased from 21.1% to 14.4% which means smaller differences among pregnancy rate of test groups’ cows, hence higher stability), this increase manifested even long after the cows had been fed regular feed again.

scholarly journals Lauric Arginate/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanorods-Stabilized Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride Pickering Emulsion: Enhancement of Stabilization and Paper Sizing Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Li ◽  
Dehai Yu ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystal ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Lauric Arginate

Abstract Biodegradable colloidal particle materials are becoming attractive candidates as eco-friendly chemical additives in the low-carbon economy era. However, developing cheap, stable, and efficient paper-sizing agents is still a challenging issue both for paper making academic community and industry. Here, an easy-fabricating, stable, and high-performance alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) paper-sizing emulsion is developed, which is stabilized by lauric arginate (LAE)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanorods. Furthermore, the chemical crosslinking between ASA and LAE/CNC nanorods can adjust the wettability and interfacial adsorption of LAE/CNC, resulting in improved stability of ASA-sizing emulsion. This novel paper-sizing emulsion shows a small droplet size (0.8 μm), high hydrolysis resistance, and a high paper-sizing degree (300 s) along with a remarkable hydrophobicity contact angle of 110° for long-term storage. This work opens a door for realizing an interfacial self-assembled Pickering-stabilizer, which leads to an environmentally friendly, pervasive and cost-effective emulsification technique for the next-generation paper-sizing additives.

Evaluation of tribological characteristics of technical oils with fullerene compositions

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
A. Kravtsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Wear Indicator ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Subsequent Addition

The paper presents experimental studies of the tribological characteristics of liquid lubricants of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation when using fullerene compositions. Tribological characteristics were evaluated on a four-ball friction machine according to GOST 9490. The use of fullerene compositions in the form of a finely dispersed fullerene powder, pre-dispersed (dissolved) in vegetable high oleic oils, for example, rapeseed, with the subsequent addition of the resulting composition to technical oils of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation, leads to the following positive effect. The anti-wear properties of oils, which are assessed by the wear indicator, increase by 20,0…30,7 %, and the critical load on 18,8…25,0%. These indicators significantly exceed similar indicators when using fullerene fine powders without preliminary dispersion in vegetable oils, where the effect is on the border 11,1…15 %. Fullerene additives do not affect the extreme pressure properties of base oils, which are assessed by the scuffing load. This result makes it possible to state that the way to improve the tribological properties of lubricants by introducing a fine powder of fullerenes into base technical oils is ineffective. The experimental results obtained confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of the micelle formation mechanism in the lubricant under the action of the electrostatic field of the friction surface. The presence of a surfactant solvent (vegetable oil) allows you to "start" the micelle formation process at lower fullerene concentrations and to obtain the effect of increasing anti-wear properties.

Novel paper sizing agents from renewables. Part 1: Preparation of a paper sizing agent derived from natural plant oils

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lackinger ◽  
Leo Schmid ◽  
Jürgen Sartori ◽  
Akira Isogai ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Sizing Agents ◽  
Product Viscosity ◽  
Increased Pressure

Abstract Natural oils derived from linseed, rapeseed, soybean, and a special breed of sunflower were tested for the production of maleated fatty oils for paper sizing in the ene-reaction with maleic anhydride. All these maleated oils were subjected to a conventional sizing test proving their ability to hydrophobize handsheets. Natural oils having only monounsaturated fatty acid residues (oleic acid) in the triglycerides worked best by having lower product viscosity and higher yields. The optimized production procedure employs antioxidant addition, an increased maleic anhydride:triglyceride ratio of 4:1, as well as increased pressure to reduce undesired polymeric byproducts and to increase yield.

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