Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea: Part 1. Sensitive antifungal assay against Basidiomycetes

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kawamura ◽  
S. Ohara ◽  
A. Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Bioassay System ◽  
Fomitopsis Palustris ◽  
Antifungal Assay

Abstract Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of the Malaysian Gmelina arborea against Trametes versicolor and Fomitopsis palustris was investigated. A sensitive bioassay system for antifungal activity against basidiomycetes was developed which uses a medium in which homogenized hyphae were dispersed. Ethyl acetate- solubles from the heartwood showed the highest activity against both fungi, although the activity against F. palustris was quite weak. Spots exhibiting antifungal activity against T. versicolor were specified by autobiography of ethyl acetate-solubles, and five constituents were isolated and identified as (+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol, (+)-paulownin, (+)-gmelinol, (+)-epieudesmin and (−)-β-sitosterol. The four lignans showed antifungal activity, whereas β-sitosterol did not. From the comparison of antifungal activity, it was concluded that the piperonyl nucleus contributed to the activity of lignans. Of the four lignans isolated, gmelinol appeared to be an important antifungal constituent, since it was rich in the heartwood of G. arborea. Furthermore, the synergism by coexistence of these five compounds was confirmed.

scholarly journals Lupeol acetate as a potent antifungal compound against opportunistic human and phytopathogenic mold Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Javed ◽  
Zaid Mahmood ◽  
Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽  
Satyajit D. Sarker ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Lupeol Acetate

AbstractAntifungal activity of Monothecabuxifolia methanolic extract and its various fractions were assessed against Macrophominaphaseolina, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of more than 500 vegetal species as well as rare and emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Different concentrations of methanolic extract (3.125 to 200 mg mL−1) inhibited fungal biomass by 39–45%. Isolated n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions suppressed fungal biomass by 32–52%, 29–50% and 29–35%, respectively. Triterpenes lupeol and lupeol acetate (1, 2) were isolated from n-hexane while betulin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid (3–6) were isolated from chloroform fraction. Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol and quercetin (7–10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using various spectroscopic techniques namely mass spectroscopy and NMR. Antifungal activity of different concentrations (0.0312 to 2 mg mL−1) of the isolated compounds was evaluated and compared with the activity of a broad spectrum fungicide mancozeb. Different concentrations of mencozeb reduced fungal biomass by 83–85%. Among the isolated compounds lupeol acetate (2) was found the highest antifungal against M.phaseolina followed by betulin (3), vanillic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8), β-amyrin (5) and oleanolic acid (6) resulting in 79–81%, 77–79%, 74–79%, 67–72%, 68–71% and 68–71%, respectively. Rest of the compounds also showed considerable antifungal activity and reduced M.phaseolina biomass by 41–64%.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals The Search for Antifungals from Amazonian Trees: A Bio-Inspired Screening

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Charlie Basset ◽  
Véronique Eparvier ◽  
Laila S. Espindola
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Amazonian Trees

The anti-fungal activity of 60 extracts from 15 tree species in the French Guiana rainforest against human and wood-rotting fungi was studied. In this way (+)-mopanol (1) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Peltogyne sp. (Caesalpiniaceae) wood. This work demonstrated that (1) the natural durability of wood can indeed guide the search for antifungal agents, (2) that extracts selected in this bio-inspired process exhibit a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and (3) that the method allows for the isolation of strongly active antifungals.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Heartwood of Acacia catechu of Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Joshi ◽  
Yagya Prasad Subedi ◽  
Shobha Kumari Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Antibacterial activity of different extracts of heartwood of Acacia catechu were tested against 11 species of bacteria and antifungal activity were tested against four species of fungi. Among bacteria species highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured against Pseudomonas species by diethyl ether extract, likewise among fungal organism highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured against Fusarium oxysporim by ethyl acetate extract. No extracts showed activity against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethyl acetate extract was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococus aureus and Shigella species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6667 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 94-99 

scholarly journals IN-VITROSTUDIES ON ANTIFUNGALACTIVITY OF SOMEMISTLETOE SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 420-427
Author(s):  
R. Neelima ◽  
◽  
B. Sujatha ◽  
N.V. Ramana ◽  
B.V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity by disc diffusion method was carried out on leaf extracts of D.falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. monoicum and V. orientale and stem extracts of D. falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. articulatum and V.orientale using three different solvents viz., methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antifungal activity was tested on three fungal strains include Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora infestans, Sclerotium rolfsii. Overall leaf extracts exerted better inhibitory activity than stem counterparts. Among all, only V. orientale was effective against the three fungal species.Compared to stem extracts, leaf extracts of D. falcata var pubescens have shown higher antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Quantification of Lupeol as Secondary Metabolite by HPTLC Technique and Assessment of Antimicrobial Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Betula alnoides Bark

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Arun K Mishra ◽  
Najam Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Betula Alnoides ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present work includes extraction of Betula alnoides bark using ethyl acetate as a solvent, preliminary phytochemical test, quantification of phytochemicals and quantification of lupeol in Betula alnoides by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) instrument along with the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract (EAE). The marc obtained after defatting of the coarsely powdered crude drug in Petroleum ether (60-80) was extracted using ethyl acetate. Afterward, preliminary phytochemical tests were done. For High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), the solvent used was n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) and scanning was performed at wavelength 254 nm. EAE was screened for antimicrobial potential. The extraction yield was 3.45% w/w. The result of the phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of some important phytochemicals in EAE. A clear and resolved peak of lupeol was observed at Rf 0.61. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The concentration (%) of the marker compound (lupeol) was found to be 0.0168. Disk diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis as bacterial strains and Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Epidermophyton floccosum as fungal strains against ciprofloxacin (for antibacterial activity) and fluconazole (for antifungal activity) as standard drugs was employed. The finding suggested that EAE possess significant antibacterial and antifungal activity when comparison was made with standard drugs. The proposed elucidated mechanism behind this action may be due to the presence of triterpenoids in EAE.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera stem bark

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Laila Zerin ◽  
MN Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride extracts of Moringa oleifera stem bark were studied for their antimicrobial activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae) and four human pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. ustus and Candida albicans) using disc diffusion and poisoned food method, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (21 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against S. sonnei. The highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (52. 00% with 100 mg extract/ml medium) was recorded against C. albicans with ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) against B. megaterium, S. dysenteriae, V. cholerae and E. coli. For fungi, the lowest MIC was 500 mg/ml against C. albicans with crude extract of ethyl acetate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13411 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):109-117, 2008

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal, Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of a New Marine Streptomyces sp. AIAH-10

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Haque ◽  
Ashish Kumar Sarker ◽  
Md Ajijur Rahman ◽  
Md Aktar Uzzaman Chouduri ◽  
Md Anwar Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Streptomyces Sp

To face newly generated diseases, search for new, safe and effective bioactive molecules is highly warranted. The marine microbial flora may be a potential source of such molecules. The present study was designed to isolate marine microorganisms (AIAH-1 to AIAH-29) from the soil of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh by serial dilution method using isolation media. Among them, AIAH-10 was selected for further study due to its promising antibacterial activity (done by streak plate and plug technique method) against a series of pathogenic bacteria. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical analysis, the strain AIAH-10 belongs to Streptomyces sp. Secondary metabolites of the strain was obtained by small scale fermentation process. Antifungal activity of the extracts was performed by disc diffusion method. The crude ethyl acetate extract (50µg/disc) showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharromyces cerevaceae (14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition respectively). No hemolytic activity was found of the extracts towards the human erythrocytes. During cytotoxic study against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina), a dose dependent mortality rate was observed. A 100% larva mortality rate was recorded in 40µg/ml and more where as LC50 was found to be 6.61µg/ml.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 37-43, 2016

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude extracts of Plumeria rubra L.

2013 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Laila Jarin ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
MN Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts ◽  
Plumeria Rubra

Petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Plumeria rubra leaves were studied for their antimicrobial activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria, viz., Shigella dysenteriae, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae and four human pathogenic fungi, viz., Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. ustus and Candida albicans using disc diffusion and poisoned food method, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extract exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (25 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against E. coli. The highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (62.00% with 100 mg extract/ml medium) was recorded against A. ustus with ethyl acetate extract. The MICs were determined by broth macrodilution technique. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) against E. coli. However, for fungi the lowest MIC was 500 mg/ml against A. ustus with the same extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13409 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):87-94, 2008

Preparation of acetoacetylated wood meal and its properties. Part 1. Preparation of parameter and preliminary evaluation of the antifungal activity

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Nasuno ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Fumiaki Nakatsubo
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Wood Meal ◽  
Governing Factor ◽  
Fomitopsis Palustris ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Abstract Acetoacetylated wood meal (AAWM) was prepared and a preliminary evaluation of its antifungal activity was carried out. Acetoacetylation of wood meal proceeded almost quantitatively with diketene under optimal reaction conditions, even as a heterogeneous reaction. Diketene concentration was the most important governing factor for this reaction. AAWM with a high weight percentage gain inhibited the fungal growth of Fomitopsis palustris.

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