Biological Control of Blue Stain in Pulpwood: Mechanisms of Control used by Phlebiopsis gigantea

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad J. Behrendt ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

SummaryPhlebiopsis gigantea, a white-rot fungus currently being tested in biological processing applications for the pulp and paper industry, was shown to effectively inhibit blue stain fungi in both laboratory and field trials. Inoculation of logs withP. giganteashortly after cutting resulted in up to 86% colonization of logs in the laboratory and 100% in field studies. Colonization of logs by blue stain fungi such asOphiostoma piliferumandO. piceaewas greatly reduced or completely inhibited with prior inoculation byP. gigantea. In field studies, blue stain fungi colonized up to 53% of the sapwood and stained as much as 31% of the sapwood in non-inoculated control logs in contrast to 4% colonization and 2% stain in treated logs. Logs inoculated withO. piliferum2 weeks prior to inoculation withP. giganteawere 88% colonized byO. piliferumand had 33% of the sapwood stained after 7 weeks, and 33% colonized and 18% stained after 29 weeks. Scanning electron micrographs ofP. giganteaandO. piliferumhyphae showedP. giganteaparasitizing the blue stain fungus.Phlebiopsis giganteawas shown penetrating and growing adjacent to collapsed and disintegrated blue stain hyphae.Phlebiopsis giganteaalso decolorized sapwood previously stained blue.

Incidence of decay in creosote-treated Scots pine poles in Ireland

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Cappellazzi ◽  
Karl Maguire ◽  
Rob Nelson ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Utility System ◽  
Sistotrema Brinkmannii

AbstractAir-seasoning is a simple method for moisture management in utility poles prior to treatment, but it involves the risk of fungal invasion during drying. These fungi can be eliminated by heat treatment, but fungi surviving in the installed poles are a quality problem. In this context, the incidence of decay fungi was investigated in 963 creosote-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) poles of varying ages in a utility system in Ireland. Thirty-seven percent of increment cores removed from the poles contained at least one viable basidiomycete. There was no relationship between pole age or distance above the groundline and fungal isolations.Phlebiopsis gigantea, a white rot fungus, was the most common isolate followed byNeolentinus lepideusandSistotrema brinkmannii. The results highlight the importance of including a sterilizing process during treatment and maintaining quality controls when purchasing large numbers of poles.

scholarly journals Identification of white rot fungus CP9 and its potential application in biopulping

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Lien ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Luong Thi Hong ◽  
Hy Tuan Anh ◽  
Phan Thi Hong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
New Production ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

Wood-rotting fungi represent an important component of forest ecosystems. Among them, white-rot fungi are the most efficient lignin degraders. Biopulping using white-rot fungi in pretreatment of the materials, is one of the solutions to overcome disadvantages of traditional production methods. Today, the isolation and screening of lignin degrading fungi capable for application in biopulping are of keen interest in Vietnam. The use of non–wood, plant fibres in pulp and paper industry, special, agricultural residuces such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane baggase, cornstalks etc is the new production toward, potential, serving sustainable development. The fungus CP9, which possessed high ligninolytic activity, was identified and studied in pretreatment of rice straw for biopulping. The fruiting bodies of strain CP9 were effuse on trunk. The hymenium was porous and brown white with short tubes, the white mycelia penetrated wood block. The colony was off-white, blossom, irregularly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside lignin, this fungus could degrade other substrates such as casein, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Biological and morphological characteristics of the fungus CP9 suggested its placement in subdivision Basidiomycota. Combined with the results of phylogenetic analysis, which showed 99% similarity of the fungus with species Leiotrametes lactinea, our strain was named as Leiotrametes lactinea CP9. This fungus could grow well on rice straw under solid state fermentation. Pretreatment of rice straw using L. lactinea CP9 was based on the activity of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase. After 20 days, the residual enzyme activity was of 21.6 and 18.4 nkat/g material for lignin peroxidase and laccase, respectively. Pretreatment significantly improved the quality of straw, as lignin loss of 38% while cellulosic fibers were comparatively well preserved.

scholarly journals The Mitogenomes of Ophiostoma minus and Ophiostoma piliferum and Comparisons With Other Members of the Ophiostomatales

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Zubaer ◽  
Alvan Wai ◽  
Nikita Patel ◽  
Jordan Perillo ◽  
Georg Hausner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Homing Endonucleases ◽  
Group I ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Fungi assigned to the Ophiostomatales are of economic concern as many are blue-stain fungi and some are plant pathogens. The mitogenomes of two blue-stain fungi, Ophiostoma minus and Ophiostoma piliferum, were sequenced and compared with currently available mitogenomes for other members of the Ophiostomatales. Species representing various genera within the Ophiostomatales have been examined for gene content, gene order, phylogenetic relationships, and the distribution of mobile elements. Gene synteny is conserved among the Ophiostomatales but some members were missing the atp9 gene. A genome wide intron landscape has been prepared to demonstrate the distribution of the mobile genetic elements (group I and II introns and homing endonucleases) and to provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics of introns among members of this group of fungi. Examples of complex introns or nested introns composed of two or three intron modules have been observed in some species. The size variation among the mitogenomes (from 23.7 kb to about 150 kb) is mostly due to the presence and absence of introns. Members of the genus Sporothrix sensu stricto appear to have the smallest mitogenomes due to loss of introns. The taxonomy of the Ophiostomatales has recently undergone considerable revisions; however, some lineages remain unresolved. The data showed that genera such as Raffaelea appear to be polyphyletic and the separation of Sporothrix sensu stricto from Ophiostoma is justified.

An integrated approach, using biological and chemical control, to prevent blue stain in pine logs

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad J. Behrendt ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
Roberta L. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Biological control of detrimental blue stain fungi has been demonstrated in field experiments using a nonpigmented strain of Ophiostoma piliferum, Cartapip-97™, to inoculate logs. In two field trials 78–97% and 95–99% of wood chips sampled from the sapwood yielded the nonpigmented strain of O. piliferum (NPOP) 8 weeks after inoculation. Wood chip isolations yielding blue stain fungi from the sapwood in noninoculated treatments after 8 weeks ranged from 53 to 83% during the first field trial and 6 to 31% during the second, whereas isolations from NPOP-inoculated treatments ranged from 0 to 3% in the first trial and 0% in the second trial. Phanerochaete gigantea had also colonized the sapwood of all treatments by 24 and 52 weeks, with 20–93% of chip samples in field trial one yielding P. gigantea, and 54–99% for field trial two. Effective control of bark beetles was demonstrated with applications of Dursban 4E. Bark beetle colonization in Dursban-treated logs was less than 3%, a 9–47% decrease when compared to other treatments. Successful control of blue stain fungi appears possible by treating the ends of freshly cut timber with the nonpigmented strain of O. piliferum and spraying logs with Dursban 4E to prevent bark beetles from introducing stain fungi into the sides of logs. Key words: biological control, sapstain, Ophiostoma piliferum, Phanerochaete gigantea, Scolytidae.

Industrial applications of lignin-transforming enzymes

1987 ◽  
Vol 321 (1561) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Specific Reactions

Lignin-degrading and modifying enzymes are produced under specific culture conditions by white-rot fungi. Most of these enzymes are excreted into the extracellular environment and can be purified from culture supernatant. At RepliGen we have characterized many of the extracellular proteins from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium . Industrial application potentials for these enzymes are predicted to be in the chemical industry, pulp and paper industry, and perhaps in pollution control. The isolation and characterization of enzymes that catalyse specific reactions on kraft lignins and lignosulphonates will be discussed. These reactions include (1) a polymerizing—depolymerizing activity that changes the size of the lignin substrate and (2) a decolorizing reaction that reduces chromophoric groups in lignin. Kraft lignin and lignosulphonates have many diverse commercial applications because of their dual properties of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. They could have broad use if modified, as in the above reactions, in an efficient manner. The development of enzyme systems may provide just such efficient reactions.

scholarly journals Ligninolytic activity of Phlebiopsis gigantea strains in cultivation on Norway spruce wood

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Anna Zolciak
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Versatile Peroxidase ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea

Abstract   As a white-rot basidiomycetous and wood-decaying fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.: Fr.) Jülich is able to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose with a complex set of extracellular enzymes. Enzyme activity of this fungus has not been sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of laccase and peroxidases as well as the level of micromolecular compounds in P. gigantea strains, grown on pieces of Norway spruce wood (sapwood and heartwood) over 50 days of incubation under laboratory conditions. Enzymatic activity was determined using spectrophotometry. Phlebiopsis gigantea strains showed laccase (Lacc), manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and versatile peroxidase (VP) activity.  Hydroxy– and methoxyphenols were released during this process also. High levels of MnP activity (from 5.5 to 107.847 mU/μg of protein in cultures on sapwood and from 7.585 to 229.055 mU/μg of protein in cultures on heartwood) were observed in P. gigantea strains, as well as high activity of VP with manganese-oxidizing properties (from 3.36 to 61.708 mU/μg of protein on sapwood and from 1.7 to 254.479 mU/μg of protein on heartwood) compared with the other examined extracellular enzymes. The activity of Lacc ranged from 0 to 0.731 mU/μg of protein on sapwood and from 0 to 0.216 of protein on heartwood. LiP activity was also low and ranged from 0.025 to 0.593 mU/μg of protein on sapwood, and from 0.060 to 1.566 mU/μg of protein on heartwood. The activity of VP in terms of guaiacol-oxidizing properties ranged from 0.016 to 1.432 mU/μg of protein in cultures on sapwood, and from 0.042 to 1.238 mU/μg of protein on heartwood. Released hydroxyphenols for P. gigantea strains ranged from 39.204-129.157 μg of protocatechuic acid/ml in cultures on sapwood, and from 23.098-83.630 μg of protocatechuic acid/ml on heartwood. Methoxyphenols produced by P. gigantea strains ranged from 7.5 to 22.987 μg of vanillin acid/ml on sapwood, and from 10.187 to 36.885 μg of vanillin acid/ml on heartwood. Keywords: white-rot fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea, laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, hydroxy–, methoxyphenols.  

Effect of Neem Oil (Azadirachtin) Against White Rot Fungus (Polyporous Versicolor) in Wood Plastic Particle Board

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
A.Sangeetha A.Sangeetha ◽  
◽  
K.Thanigai K.Thanigai ◽  
Narasimhamurthy Narasimhamurthy ◽  
S.K.Nath S.K.Nath
Keyword(s):  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Plastic Particle

Effects of White Rot Fungus Physisporinus sp., Isolated in Japan, on Styrene-butadiene Rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Yumi SHIMIZU ◽  
Shuma SATHO ◽  
Taro NAKAJIMA ◽  
Hiroaki KOUZAI ◽  
Kiminori SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Synergistic Methodology Based on Ion Exchange and Biodegradation Mechanisms Applied for Metal Complex Dye Removal from Waste Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽  
Olga Tiron ◽  
Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽  
Mihaela Costache ◽  
Mihai Nita Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Basic Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Basic Anion

This study investigates the synergistic effects of ion exchange and biodegradation methods to remove the Acid Blue 193 also called Gryfalan Navy Blue RL (GNB) dye from wastewater. Ion exchange studies were performed using a strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400. The equilibrium was characterized by a kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, establishing that the sorption of the GNB dye was subject to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 0.8710. Experimental results showed that the activated resin can removed up to 93.4% when the concentration of dye solution is 5.62�10-2 mM. The biodegradation of the GNB was induced by laccase, an enzyme isolated from white-rot fungus. It was also analyzed the role of pH and dye concentration on GNB biodegradation, so 5�10-2 mM dye had a maximum discoloration efficiency of 82.9% at pH of 4. The laccase showed a very fast and robust activity reaching in a few minutes a Km value of 2.2�10-1mM. In addition, increasing the GNB concentration up to 8�10-1 mM did not triggered a substrat inhibition effect on the laccase activity. Overall, in this study we proposed a mixt physicochemical and biological approach to enhance the GNB removal and biodegradability from the wastewaters and subsequently the environment.

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