Effect of carbon sources on physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose produced from Gluconacetobacter xylinus MTCC 7795

e-Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Rushali Singh ◽  
Ashwani Mathur ◽  
Navendu Goswami ◽  
Garima Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Shake Flask Culture ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Xylinus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this study, the effect of modified Hestrin Schramm (HS) medium supplemented with different carbon sources viz., glucose, fructose, galactose and lactic acid on the yield and physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain MTCC 7795 in shake flask culture conditions was investigated. Growth studies indicated that all carbon sources supported the growth of bacteria, though specific growth rate and doubling time differs. Fructose gave the highest cellulose yield of 7.72 mg/ml after 130 h of fermentation, while yield in glucose and galactose supplemented medium were 4.49 mg/ml and 3.38 mg/ml, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all BC samples were amorphous in comparison to commercial cellulose. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigations of bacterial cellulose (BC) samples affirm the purity of the cellulose produced. No significant variations in physicochemical properties of cellulose samples produced with different carbon sources were observed. This study for the first time has investigated the effect of carbon sources on physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose produced by G. xylinus MTCC 7795 and provides a strategy for economical production of BC with anticipated application in therapeutics and tissue engineering.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIKOKIMIAWI SELULOSA PRODUKSI ISOLAT BAKTERI Gluconacetobacter xylinus KRE-65 PADA METODE FERMENTASI BERBEDA (Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Produced by Bacterial Isolate Gluconacetobacter xylinus KRE-65 in Different Fermentation Methods)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Sarkono Sarkono ◽  
Sukarti Moeljopawiro ◽  
Bambang Setiaji ◽  
Langkah Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Xylinus ◽  
Fermentation Method

Physicochemical properties of cellulose produced by local bacterial strain Gluconacetobacter xylinus KRE-65 by static and agitated fermentation methods was studied. Cellulose production by G. xylinus KRE-65 was carried out in coconut base medium with static and agitated fermentation methods. The dry weight, morphological and physicochemicalproperties of bacterial cellulose were compared based on SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses. The results showed that the G. xylinus KRE 65 in the static fermentation produced cellulose higher than agitated fermentation. Static fermentation method produced bacterial cellulose in the sheets form, while agitated fermentation produced fragmented cellulose with predominantly spherical shape. The observation of the surface structure of bacterial cellulose by SEM showed that the static fermentation method generated woven densely cellulose microfibrils, while agitated fermentation significantly changed the surface structure, namely woven microfibrils become more loose with formed larger and higher number of pores. The degree of crystallinity of bacterial cellulose by XRD analysis in static fermentation was 91%, agitated fermentation at 100 rpm was 73% and agitated fermentation at 150 rpm was 72%. FTIR spectra indicated that the pellicles produced by G. xylinus KRE 65 with static and agitated fermentation were found as cellulose. Cellulose produced from both fermentation methods showed different physicochemical properties, therefore they can be applied for different purposes in accordingly.Keywords: Gluconacetobacter xylinus, bacterial cellulose, static fermentation, agitated fermentation ABSTRAKSifat fisikokimiawi selulosa yang dihasilkan oleh strain lokal bakteri Gluconacetobacter xylinus KRE-65 dengan metode fermentasi statis dan agitatif telah diteliti. Produksi selulosa oleh G. xylinus KRE-65 dilakukan dalam media dasar air kelapa dengan metode fermentasi statis dan agitatif. Selulosa yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dibandingkan beratkering, bentuk morfologi dan sifat fisikokimiawinya menggunakan metode SEM, XRD dan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa G. xylinus KRE 65 menghasilkan selulosa lebih tinggi pada metode fermentasi statis dibandingkan fermentasi agitatif. Metode fermentasi statis menghasilkan selulosa bakteri yang berbentuk lembaran sedangkan fermentasi agitatif menghasilkan selulosa yang terpecah-pecah dengan bentuk dominan bulat. Pengamatan struktur permukaan selulosa bakteri dengan SEM memperlihatkan bahwa metode fermentasi statis menghasilkan selulosadengan anyaman mikrofibril yang padat, sedangkan fermentasi agitatif menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan struktur permukaan yaitu melonggarnya anyaman mikrofibril dan terbentuknya pori-pori yang lebih besar dan lebih banyak. Derajat kristalinitas selulosa bakteri dengan analisis XRD pada metode fermentasi statis sebesar 91%, fermentasiagitatif 100 rpm sebesar 73% dan fermentasi 150 rpm sebesar 72%. Spektra FTIR mengindikasikan bahwa pelikel yang dihasilkan oleh G. xylinus KRE 65 pada kedua metode fermentasi tersebut merupakan selulosa. Selulosa yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi statis dan agitatif mempunyai sifat fisikokimiawi yang berbeda sehingga dapat diterapkandalam aplikasi yang berbeda sesuai dengan sifat fisikokimiawi yang dibutuhkan.Kata kunci: Gluconacetobacter xylinus, selulosa bakteri, fermentasi statis, fermentasi agitatif

Induction and Transcription Studies of the Dextransucrase Gene in Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5504-5509 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quirasco ◽  
A. López-Munguía ◽  
M. Remaud-Simeon ◽  
P. Monsan ◽  
A. Farrés
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Product Specificity ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Dextransucrase production by Leuconostoc mesenteroidesNRRL B-512F in media containing carbon sources other than sucrose is reported for the first time. Dextransucrases were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and by an in situ activity assay. Their polymers and acceptor reaction products were also compared by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques, respectively. From these analyses, it was found that, independently of the carbon source, L. mesenteroides NRRL B-512F produced dextransucrases of the same size and product specificity. The 5′ ends of dextransucrase mRNAs isolated from cells grown under different culture conditions were identical. Based on this evidence, we conclude that dextransucrases obtained from cells grown on the various carbon sources result from the transcription of the same gene. The control of expression occurs at this level. The low dextransucrase yields from cultures in d-glucose ord-fructose and the enhancement of dextransucrase gene transcription in the presence of sucrose suggest that an activating phenomenon may be involved in the expression mechanism. Dextransucrase mRNA has a size of approximately 4.8 kb, indicating that the gene is located in a monocistronic operon. The transcription start point was localized 34 bp upstream from the ATG start codon. The −10 and −35 sequences found, TATAAT and TTTACA, were highly homologous to the only glycosyltransferase promoter sequence reported for lactic acid bacteria.

Production of Bacterial Cellulose Using Different Carbon Sources by Two-Stage Cultivation Strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 722-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hong Lin ◽  
Yi Jen Lin ◽  
Jui Chih Kuo ◽  
Ting Yu Chen ◽  
Wen Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Xylinus ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cultivation Strategy ◽  
Cell Volumes

The production of bacterial cellulose (BC) from Gluconacetobacter xylinus could be improved by the two-stage cultivation strategy. The jar fermentor was applied at first stage to increase cell concentration. At the second stage, the bacteria statically grew within beaker. Three different fraction of cell volumes were cultured in modified YPD-glucose medium or YPD-molasses one. In the modified YPD-molasses medium, the BC yield were highest in this study when the consuming rate of reducing sugars (RS) was 0.181 g-dry BC L-1 d-1 and the BC production rate was 0.183 g-dry BC/g-RS, respectively. The modified YPD-glucose medium could get the maximum pellicle thickness of 5.56±0.64 mm and water content of 99.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Application of coconut battery waste to graphic as an alternative electrode on primary battery cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Rikson Siburian ◽  
Saur L Raja ◽  
Minto Supeno ◽  
Crystina Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Primary Battery ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Coconut shell is one of the potential biomass as carbon sources. Coconut shell is converted to charcoal through the carbonization process. The potential of charcoal from coconut shells can be synthesized into graphene. Graphene is a derivative of one of the carbon allotropes, namely graphite, where carbon is in the form of thin plates with sp2 orbitals arranged hexagonally. The process of making graphene which is coconut shell dried in the sun then pyrolysis into charcoal then mixed with activated carbon as a reducing agent at 600 ° C for 1 hour to produce graphene. The graphene produced is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The results by XRD analysis showed the resulting peaks were not sharp and slightly widened at the diffraction peaks at 24 ° and 44 °. The results of SEM-EDX analysis at 4000x magnification show the surface size and shape of the structure that is smaller, thinner and reduced buildup on the graphene structure. graphene that has been successfully synthesized was tested on a coin battery. The coin battery cathode which was replaced with graphene succeeded in turning on the light.  

scholarly journals On the Reconstruction Peculiarities of Sol–Gel Derived Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Layered Double Hydroxides

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligita Valeikiene ◽  
Marina Roshchina ◽  
Inga Grigoraviciute-Puroniene ◽  
Vladimir Prozorovich ◽  
Aleksej Zarkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Synthesized Materials ◽  
First Time

In this study, the reconstruction peculiarities of sol–gel derived Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) layered double hydroxides were investigated. The mixed metal oxides (MMO) were synthesized by two different routes. Firstly, the MMO were obtained directly by heating Mg(M)–Al–O precursor gels at 650 °C, 800 °C, and 950 °C. These MMO were reconstructed to the Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in water at 50 °C for 6 h (pH 10). Secondly, in this study, the MMO were also obtained by heating reconstructed LDHs at the same temperatures. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitrogen adsorption by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) methods were used to determine the surface area and pore diameter of differently synthesized alkaline earth metal substituted MMO compounds. It was demonstrated for the first time that the microstructure of reconstructed MMO from sol–gel derived LDHs showed a “memory effect”.

scholarly journals Influence of Culture Conditions and Medium Compositions on the Production of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances by Lactococcus lactis Gh1

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Roslina Jawan ◽  
Sahar Abbasiliasi ◽  
Joo Shun Tan ◽  
Shuhaimi Mustafa ◽  
Murni Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph

Antibacterial peptides or bacteriocins produced by many strains of lactic acid bacteria have been used as food preservatives for many years without any known adverse effects. Bacteriocin titres can be modified by altering the physiological and nutritional factors of the producing bacterium to improve the production in terms of yield and productivity. The effects of culture conditions (initial pH, inoculum age and inoculum size) and medium compositions (organic and inorganic nitrogen sources; carbon sources) were assessed for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Lactococcus lactis Gh1 in shake flask cultures. An inoculum of the mid-exponential phase culture at 1% (v/v) was the optimal age and size, while initial pH of culture media at alkaline and acidic state did not show a significant impact on BLIS secretion. Organic nitrogen sources were more favourable for BLIS production compared to inorganic sources. Production of BLIS by L. lactis Gh1 in soytone was 1.28-times higher as compared to that of organic nitrogen sources ((NH4)2SO4). The highest cell concentration (XmX = 0.69 ± 0.026 g·L−1) and specific growth rate (μmax = 0.14 h−1) were also observed in cultivation using soytone. By replacing carbon sources with fructose, BLIS production was increased up to 34.94% compared to BHI medium, which gave the biomass cell concentration and specific growth rate of 0.66 ± 0.002 g·L−1 and 0.11 h−1, respectively. It can be concluded that the fermentation factors have pronounced influences on the growth of L. lactis Gh1 and BLIS production. Results from this study could be used for subsequent application in process design and optimisation for improving BLIS production by L. lactis Gh1 at larger scale.

scholarly journals The Intercalation of CORM-2 with Pharmaceutical Clay Montmorillonite (MMT) Aids for Therapeutic Carbon Monoxide Release

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faizan ◽  
Kifayat Ullah Khan Niazi ◽  
Niaz Muhammad ◽  
Yongxia Hu ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ruthenium Carbonyl ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
First Time

The pharmaceutical clay montmorillonite (MMT) is, for the first time, explored as a carbon monoxide-releasing material (CORMat). MMT consists of silicate double layered structure; its exfoliation feature intercalate the CORM-2 [RuCl(μ-Cl)(CO)3]2 inside the layers to suppress the toxicity of organometallic segment. The infrared spectroscopy (IR) confirmed the existence of ruthenium coordinated carbonyl ligand in MMT layers. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis showed that ruthenium element in this material was about 5%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the layer-structure of MMT has been maintained after loading the ruthenium carbonyl segment. Moreover, the layers have been stretched out, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Thermogravimetric (TG) curves with huge weight loss around 100–200 °C were attributed to the CO hot-release of ruthenium carbonyl as well as the loss of the adsorbed solvent molecules and the water molecules between the layers. The CO-liberating properties have been assessed through myoglobin assay. The horse myoglobin test showed that the material could be hydrolyzed to slowly release carbon monoxide in physiological environments. The half-life of CO release was much longer than that of CORM-3, and it has an excellent environmental tolerance and slow release effect.

scholarly journals Insights into Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis from Different Carbon Sources and the Associated Biochemical Transformation Pathways in Komagataeibacter sp. W1

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Wang ◽  
Yong-He Han ◽  
Jia-Lian Chen ◽  
Da-Chun Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transformation Pathways ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Micro Organisms

Cellulose is the most abundant and widely used biopolymer on earth and can be produced by both plants and micro-organisms. Among bacterial cellulose (BC)-producing bacteria, the strains in genus Komagataeibacter have attracted wide attention due to their particular ability in furthering BC production. Our previous study reported a new strain of genus Komagataeibacter from a vinegar factory. To evaluate its capacity for BC production from different carbon sources, the present study subjected the strain to media spiked with 2% acetate, ethanol, fructose, glucose, lactose, mannitol or sucrose. Then the BC productivity, BC characteristics and biochemical transformation pathways of various carbon sources were fully investigated. After 14 days of incubation, strain W1 produced 0.040–1.529 g L−1 BC, the highest yield being observed in fructose. Unlike BC yields, the morphology and microfibrils of BCs from different carbon sources were similar, with an average diameter of 35–50 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all membranes produced from various carbon sources had 1–3 typical diffraction peaks, and the highest crystallinity (i.e., 90%) was found for BC produced from mannitol. Similarly, several typical spectra bands obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were similar for the BCs produced from different carbon sources, as was the Iα fraction. The genome annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the biochemical transformation pathways associated with the utilization of and BC production from fructose, glucose, glycerol, and mannitol were found in strain W1, but this was not the case for other carbon sources. Our data provides suggestions for further investigations of strain W1 to produce BC by using low molecular weight sugars and gives clues to understand how this strain produces BC based on metabolic pathway analysis.

Synthesis and structure of novel Ag2Ga2SiSe6 crystals: promising materials for dynamic holographic image recording

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (93) ◽  
pp. 90958-90966 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Parasyuk ◽  
V. V. Pavlyuk ◽  
O. Y. Khyzhun ◽  
V. R. Kozer ◽  
G. L. Myronchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Holographic Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
First Time

Phase diagrams of the AgGaSe2–SiSe2 system were explored by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis methods for the first time.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of biominerals from five multicellular marine algae species

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
A. M. Zakharenko ◽  
M. A. Nawaz ◽  
V. V. Chaika ◽  
I. V. Zemchenko ◽  
T. Yu. Orlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tichocarpus Crinitus

Silica biominerals are deposited as amorphous solid structures in plant cells and tissues, providing rigidity to different plant parts and assisting in defence. The shape and size of phytoliths are well established and serve as a useful tool in taxonomic analyses. For the first time we extracted and studied silica biominerals of five marine macroalgae, which we observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). More than nine different morphotypes of phytoliths ranging from ≥ 10 to ≥ 350 μm in size were found. Some of them were phytoliths made of silica while others showed characteristics of different minerals of calcium. In our study, the “honeycomb” formations were only recorded in Laurencia tropica Yamada and pyramid tabular ones were found only in Tichocarpus crinitus (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht. The XRD analysis showed that they consisted of virgilite and gypsum substance, respectively. Silica phytoliths are intrinsic parts of the algae and their morphological characterization can provide the basis for palaeo-reconstruction and taxonomic investigation of brown and red algae in palaeontological studies of fossils where all organic matter has decayed.

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