Creating Society in Orwell’s 1984

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Kalelioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Transition Processes ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The Face ◽  
Good For ◽  
Opposition Theory ◽  
Ruling Party

Abstract In this paper, the idea of constructing a new society in George Orwell’s 1984 is analyzed in the context of the Paris School’s semiotics trajectory. Saussurean legacy, which heavily sheds light on the semiotic conception of the school proposed by Greimas, asserts the significance of dichotomies for signs to gain their meaning. Accordingly, the study is grounded on the desired and non-desired contrariety to make the analysis with the semiotic square meaningful. It is possible to encounter the traces of the proposed idea pertaining to the struggle of forming an ideal society at all levels of meaning, predominantly at the deep level as the proposed idea represents the elementary meaning of the narrative, throughout the text. Considering the approach, desired society gains its meaning in the face of the non-desired one relativistically. Regarding the opposition theory of Saussure, what is good for the Party is not supposed to be good for the Opponents. For this reason, the idea of creating society is on the battleground, as there is an uphill fight between the ruling Party and the Opponents. The formation of desired society is revealed thanks to the semiotic square by focusing on both positive and negative transition processes. The really interesting aspect that we encountered is the vicious unended cycle and the war that will never end between the stated groups within the framework of the ideology/axiology perspective.

scholarly journals A Constitutional Framework for Private Governance

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Engel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
The Face ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Law ◽  
Interdisciplinary Exchange

Lawyers are the engineers of the social sciences, and their doctors. Neither is good for reputation in interdisciplinary exchange. Social scientists often show contempt for a discipline that seems too close to reality to meet hard methodological standards, and too much concerned by pathologies that are beyond the reach of their methodological tools. As with many prejudices, there is a grain of truth in this one. But not all law is about making decisions and judgements in the face of a reality that is at best partly understood. The legal discipline has its own methodological standards. For the sake of internal clarity, it aims at parsimony. But modelling is not the legal path to methodological rigor. The legal equivalent boils down to one simple question: who asks whom for what? The law splits abstract problems into a series of cases. It reaches parsimony via the selection and sequence of cases. These hypothetical cases are like histological cuts through the social tissue. The legal discipline starts cutting at cases for which existing legal tools seem particularly wellsuited. If these cases are understood, the legal discipline then starts again with the more demanding ones. It is hoped that the sequence of cases leads to an understanding of situations that seemed inaccessible at the outset.

scholarly journals GROUNDS OF LAW AND LEGAL THEORY: A Response

Legal Theory ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 315-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Finnis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Sound Theory ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
Good For

Linking theses of Plato, Wittgenstein, and Weber, section I argues that identification of central cases and settling of focal meanings depend upon the theorist's purpose(s) and, in the case of theory about human affairs—theory adequately attentive to the four irreducible orders in which human persons live and act—upon the purposes for which we intelligibly and intelligently act. Among these purposes, primacy (centrality) is to be accorded (by acknowledgement, not fiat) to purposes which are, as best the theorist can judge, reasonable and fit to be adopted by anyone, the theorist included. Section II defends the reasonableness (and hence entitlement to universal assent) of practical and moral judgments, against Michael Perry's ultimately nihilist claims that egoism's challenge to moral normativity has gone unanswered and that “reason for A” does not entail “reason for” anyone else. Section III takes up Steven Smith's suggestion that such subjectivism is encouraged by the talk in Natural Law and Natural Rights of “pursuing goods,” talk which (he argues) is individualistic and neglectful of (other) persons, inimical to an understanding of friendship, and impotent in the face of egoism. Here as elsewhere the key is to grasp that understanding any basic or intrinsic human good is to understand it as good for anyone like me and thus—since as I instantiate and embody a universal, viz. human being—as a good common to (good for) anyone and everyone. Section IV argues that common good (which includes respect for human rights, and the Rule of Law) gives reason for exercise and acceptance of authority, and for allegiance, even (and in a sense, especially) in time of breakdown. Section V argues that natural law theory is no more dependent on affirming God's existence than any other theory is, in any of the four orders of theory, but equally that is not safe for atheists. For, like any other sound theory, it suggests and is consistent with questions and answers about its grounds, in this case about the source of its normativity and of the human nature that its normative universals presuppose and affirm; and the answers are those argued for, too abstemiously, in the last chapter of NLNR and, more adequately, in the equivalent chapter of Aquinas.

Double Face with Pattern Effect Design of Thermal Jacquard Based on Three-Layer Weave Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
Zi Min Jin ◽  
Jun Qing Xu ◽  
Jian Hua Wu ◽  
Yu Xiu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Pattern Effect ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Weave Structure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
Good For

In order to weave the double face jacquard fabric with pattern effect at the same time increasing warming function of the jacquard, this paper added far infrared polyester as extra weft to stitch the face and back layers. Combining the basic structure design of the double face jacquard fabric, three-layer weave with extra weft stitching could be done. By this method extra weft could be hidden in the form of surface layer floats covering stitching intersection points so as to have heat retention effect and unique appearance of reversible jacquard isn’t impacted. In addition, the weft yarns used to produce the face and back layers were silk and wool, and far infrared polyester was hidden in the inside of the fabric as extra weft which ensured the jacquard being good for skin. Empirical results show that the method achieves good decorative property and warming function of the double face jacquard fabric with pattern effect, and provides reference and direction for the design of digital jacquard fabric.

Conservation of Dry Forest Old Growth in Eastern Oregon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Johnston ◽  
Skye M Greenler ◽  
Matthew J Reilly ◽  
Mark R Webb ◽  
Andrew G Merschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
The Face ◽  
Good For

Abstract Conservation of old-growth forests has become an increasingly important objective of Forest Service managers over the last three decades. The US Forest Service recently made changes to policies that prohibit cutting of live trees >53 cm (the “21-inch rule”). We review the disturbance ecology of dry and mesic old-growth forests of Oregon and contrast conservation policies for these two forest types. We describe the development of age-based alternatives to the 21-inch rule on the Klamath Reservation and in the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon. We conclude by outlining an adaptive management strategy to conserve dry forest old growth that seeks to restore the ecological processes that perpetuate old tree populations over time. We argue that what is good for dry forest ecosystems is good for dry forest old growth, especially in the face of changing climate and disturbance regimes. Study Implications: Age-based limits are a viable alternative to the size-based limits that the U.S. Forest Service has been using to conserve old growth in dry, fire-prone forests of eastern Oregon. Another alternative is a process-based approach that emphasizes restoring processes, including frequent fire that make old-growth trees resistant to a warmer and more fiery future. Multiscale inventories that track the abundance and distribution of trees of different species, sizes, and ages can inform tree conservation priorities and assess progress towards desired outcomes. Robust monitoring programs can facilitate collaborative data-driven adaptation at the local level and improve dry forest old-growth conservation outcomes.

scholarly journals Czy byliśmy w wojnie z Sowietami?!

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Wiesław Jan Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The West ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Will ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Ground ◽  
Ruling Party

At the time of the agreement with the German Third Reich on Soviet aggression on Poland on September 17, 1939, the Ambassador of the Republic of Poland in Moscow was given a diplomatic note declaring that in the face of the “break-up of the Polish state” the USSR “is defending the Belarusian and Ukrainian population” in eastern Poland. This eceptive version was “bought” by the Allies of Poland in the West who pretended that Moscow was not a co-hostile against allied Poland. They explained that they didn’t want to deepen but to overthrow the German-Soviet alliance. The highest authorities of the Republic of Poland were charged that they were not consistent and did not declare a state of war between Poland and the USSR from September 17, 1939. This was a game of slander and the author documented the will of the parties to bring such charges. In the period of the Polish People’s Republic, the myth of the so-justified Soviet intervention in 1939 was promulgated. Also, today, this issue for many politicians, historians and journalists remains not entirely clear. This text is an analysis of the formation of the basis of this myth, showing its political ground for various propaganda and proclamation of Western states, and ambiguous attitudes of Polish politicians, especially focused on the very naive and politically dependent General Sikorski, the chief of war and prime minister, with greater responsibility – than the ruling party of the Second Polish Republic – for establishing false opinions about Polish-Soviet relations in September 1939.

From neoliberal disembedding to authoritarian re-embedding: The making of illiberal hegemony in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Scheiring ◽  
Kristóf Szombati
Keyword(s):  
Blue Collar ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Authoritarian Populism ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ruling Party

This article presents and empirically substantiates a theoretical account explaining the making and stabilisation of illiberal hegemony in Hungary. It combines a Polanyian institutionalist framework with a neo-Gramscian analysis of right-wing hegemonic strategy and a relational class analysis inspired by the political economy tradition in anthropology. The article identifies the social actors behind the illiberal transformation, showing how ‘neoliberal disembedding’ fuelled the rightward shift of constituencies who had erstwhile been brought into the fold of liberal hegemony: blue-collar workers, post-peasants and sections of domestic capital. Finally, the article describes the emergence of a new regime of accumulation and Fidesz’s strategy of ‘authoritarian re-embedding’, which relies on ‘institutional authoritarianism’ and ‘authoritarian populism’. This two-pronged approach has so far allowed the ruling party to stabilise illiberal hegemony, even in the face of reforms that have generated discontents and exacerbated social inequality.

scholarly journals Were we at the state of war with the Soviets?!

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Wiesław Jan Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The State ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Will ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Ground ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
Ruling Party

At the time of the agreement with the German Third Reich on Soviet aggression on Poland on September 17, 1939, the Ambassador of the Republic of Poland in Moscow was given a diplomatic note declaring that in the face of the "break-up of the Polish state", the USSR "is defending the Belarusian and Ukrainian population" in eastern Poland. This deceptive version was naively accepted by Poland’s Western Allies, who pretended that Moscow was not hostile against Poland. They explained that they did not want to enhance, but rather to overthrow the German-Soviet alliance. The highest authorities of the Republic of Poland were charged with inconsistence and did not declare a state of war between Poland and the USSR as of September 17, 1939. This was a game of slander and the author documented the will of the parties to bring such charges. In the period of the Polish People's Republic, the myth of so-called justified Soviet intervention in 1939 was perpetuated. Today, too, this issue remains not entirely clear for many politicians, historians and journalists. This text analyses the formation of this myth, showing its political ground for various propaganda and proclamations of Western states, and ambiguous attitudes of Polish politicians, especially focused on the very naïve and politically dependent General Sikorski, the Commander-in-Chief and Prime Minister, with greater responsibility than the ruling party of the Second Polish Republic for the false opinions about Polish-Soviet relations in September 1939.  

He alo ā he alo / kanohi ki te kanohi / face-to-face: curatorial bodies, encounters and relations

Curatopia ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 296-316
Author(s):  
Noelle M.K.Y. Kahanu ◽  
Moana Nepia ◽  
Philipp Schorch
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Curatorial Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Physical Intimacy ◽  
University Of Hawai'i ◽  
The University

Throughout the Pacific, interpersonal encounters are characterized by a deep level of physical intimacy and engagement - from the honi/hongi, the face-to-face greeting, to the ha‘a/haka wero, acts of challenge that also serve as a celebratory acknowledgement of ancestral presences. In these physical exchanges, relationships are built, tended, and tested through an embodied confirmation of values, practices, and ethics. For museums holding Pacific collections, the importance of relationships, and their physicality, persists. The increasing acknowledgment of, and interaction with, communities of origin, whose works reside in museums throughout the world, is thereby not a new practice but the current stage of a continuum of relations that have ebbed and flowed over centuries. This chapter involves the interdisciplinary work of three scholars whose research, interests and collaborations coalesce around concepts of indigenous curatorial practice. Kahanu focusses on Bishop Museum’s E Kū Ana Ka Paia exhibition (2010), which featured important Hawaiian temple images loaned from the British Museum and the Peabody Essex Museum, as well as the Nā Hulu Ali‘i exhibition which gathered Hawaiian featherwork from around the world (2015/2016). She highlights how the Hawaiian practice of he alo a he alo in cross-cultural contexts facilitated these exhibitions, thereby ultimately enabling extensive community engagement. Nepia discusses two recent programs at the University of Hawai‘i, ARTspeak and the Binding and Looping: Transfer of Presence in Contemporary Pacific Art exhibition, as a means of examining how Pacific Island artists articulate contemporary creative practice, particularly as it relates to physical and bodily encounters. Schorch concludes the volume with a coda which historicises Curatopia and its underpinning relations and engagements He Alo A He Alo / Kanohi Ki Te Kanohi / Face to Face.

Was It Good for You Too? The New Natural Law Theory and the Paradoxical Good of Sexbots

Robot Sex ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Importance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
Sexual Ethic ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Good For

We normally think of the so-called new natural law theory (NNLT) for its as a relentlessly conservative sexual ethic, one which argues both for the rightness only of “reproductive-type” sex (and that only within a different-sex marriage) as well as the moral impossibility of masturbation, sex outside of marriage, and sex of a non-reproductive-type. On the face of it, the human intent behind the creation of sexbots, let alone with the act of having sex with them, would seem to be wrong on all these counts. However, this chapter argues that matters are not so simple. NNLT can reveal the intrinsic moral importance of sexbots. If sexbots and human each are beings capable of choosing and remaining committed to complete friendship, and of loving, then the embodied union that we do achieve will not be morally objectionable even according to NNLT properly understood.

Relocalization for Sustainable Communities: Participatory Ecological Practices and Theoretical Foundations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Good For ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Not only does the return to localism make ecological sense on its own terms—given the shortages of energy, food, and many other resources—it also makes sense because small face-to-face groups have always been considered the basis for authentic participatory democracy. Indeed, independent of ecological crisis, a return to the local is good for democracy generally. What is more, there is an emerging and vibrant “relocalization” movement that can and should be built upon. Although it mostly flies under the radar, this movement not only seeks to develop a sustainable way of life, but it also constitutes an important anchor for holding on to and extending participatory democratic governance. After detailing the practices of relocalization, the chapter turns to theories that support it in the face of environmental crisis, in particular the theoretical contributions of Sale, Bookchin, and Bahro.

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