Brick-by-Brick: Rebuilding the Language-Games

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinda L. Gorlée
Keyword(s):  
Language Games ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractWittgenstein gave no real definition of the strategy of language, so that clear definitions of the

“Intelligent” Optimal Design

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Zarka
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Real Returns

Abstract The engineers have to face very important problems in the design, the test, the survey and the maintenance of their structures. These problems did not yet get full answer even from the best people in the world. Usually in these problems (such as no satisfactory constitutive modeling of materials, no real control of the accuracy of the numerical simulations, no real definition of the initial state and/or the effective loading of the structure), there is no solution and the experts do not understand the problem in its whole. Moreover, the available data may be not statistically representative (i.e. are in limited number), fuzzy, qualitative and missing in part. We propose a practical solution the «Intelligent Optimal Design of Materials and Structures» where the actual best knowledges of the researchers/experts are intelligently mixed to the results of experiments or real returns.

scholarly journals “Intelligent” Optimal Design of Materials and Structures What Does it Mean?

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Zarka
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Real Returns

Abstract The engineers have to face very important problems in the design, the test, the survey and the maintenance of their structures. These problems did not yet get full answer even from the best people in the world. Usually in these problems (such as no satisfactory constitutive modeling of materials, no real control of the accuracy of the numerical simulations, no real definition of the initial state and/or the effective loading of the structure), there is no solution and the experts do not understand the problem in its whole. Moreover, the available data may be not statistically representative (i.e. are in limited number), fuzzy, qualitative and missing in part. We propose a practical solution the «Intelligent Optimal Design of Materials and Structures» where the actual best knowledges of the researchers/experts are intelligently mixed to the results of experiments or real returns. Several examples of applications are given in this serial set of papers to explain the real meaning and power of this approach.

scholarly journals Concept of education: Confluence of definition criteria, temporary formative orientation and common activity as core content of its meaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-77
Author(s):  
José Manuel Touriñán López
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Intervention ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pedagogical Function

In this work, the purpose is to establish the need to go beyond the nominal definition of the concept of education and justify the existence of distinctive traits of the real definition of the term ‘education’ in character and sense inherent in its meaning, which must be taken into account at all times and places, whenever we carry out pedagogical intervention. It is about forming criteria on meaning of ‘education’ and importance of Pedagogy in the construction of  education  fields.  Knowledge  of education makes it possible to build fields    of education over cultural areas, transforming information into knowledge  and  knowledge into education. And this requires executing pedagogical function with competence, establishing an educational relationship in which common activity is the working tool.

A Logical Reconstruction of Leibniz’s Argument for His Complete Concept Conception of the Nature of Substance in Discours §8

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-473
Author(s):  
Ralf Busse
Keyword(s):  
Predicate Logic ◽  
Identity Of Indiscernibles ◽  
First Order ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
Logical Reconstruction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complete Concept ◽  
First Order Predicate Logic ◽  
Predication Relation

Abstract This paper develops a valid reconstruction in first-order predicate logic of Leibniz’s argument for his complete concept definition of substance in §8 of the Discours de Métaphysique. Following G. Rodriguez-Pereyra, it construes the argument as resting on two substantial premises, the “merely verbal” Aristotelian definition and Leibniz’s concept containment theory of truth, and it understands the resulting “real” definition as saying not that an entity is a substance iff its complete concept contains every predicate of that entity, but iff its complete concept contains every predicate of any subject to which that concept is truly attributable. An account is suggested of why Leibniz criticises the Aristotelian definition as merely nominal and how he takes his own definition to overcome this shortcoming: while on the Aristotelian basis the predication relation could generate endless chains, so that substances as endpoints of predication would be impossible, Leibniz’s definition reveals lowest species as such endpoints, which he therefore identifies with individual substances. Since duplicate lowest species make no sense, the Identity of Indiscernibles for substances follows. The reading suggests a Platonist interpretation according to which substances do not so much have but are individual essences, natures or forms.

Essence and Definition by Abstraction

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Bob Hale
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Number Operator ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Hume’S Principle ◽  
Implicit Definition ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
Cardinal Numbers ◽  
Stipulative Definition ◽  
Definition Of

We may define words. We may also define the things for which words stand. Definitions of words may be explicit or implicit, and may seek to report pre-existing synonymies, but they may instead be wholly or partly stipulative. Definition by abstraction seeks to define a term-forming operator by fixing the truth-conditions of identity-statements featuring terms formed by means of that operator. Such definitions are a species of implicit definition. They are typically at least partly stipulative. Definitions of things (real definitions) are typically conceived as statements about the essence of their definienda, and so not stipulative. There thus appears to be a clash between taking Hume's principle as an implicit, at least partly stipulative definition of the number operator and as a real definition of cardinal numbers. This chapter argues that this apparent tension can be resolved, and that resolving it shows how some modal knowledge can be a priori.

In search of a real definition of the biological invasion phenomenon itself

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Valéry ◽  
Hervé Fritz ◽  
Jean-Claude Lefeuvre ◽  
Daniel Simberloff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasion ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals LANGUAGE GAME IN THE TEACHING OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN, INTERNATIONAL AND SECOND LANGUAGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
YELENA SUKHANKINA
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the use of language games on the lessons of the Russian language and extra–curricular activities. We have given the definition of “language game”. Also, we have traced the history of the study of this phenomenon. As a practical application there is an example of using different language games.

A Questão da Natureza da Arte

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (36) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Paula Mateus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Definition ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Definition Of

Levinson’s and Carroll’s historical theories are among the most interesting contemporary answers to the problem of knowing what art is. Although both authors believe that we cannot ignore the relation between art and its own history in order to understand the nature of art, their projects have very different ambitions. Levinson seeks a real definition of art, capable of dealing with every possible case. Carroll, who believes that Levinson’s project faces many difficulties, proposes just a criterion to identify works of art, thus providing a characterization or nominal definition of art. In this paper my aim is to present and discuss, albeit succinctly, these two philosophical theories about the nature of art, and to determine whether they fulfill their own ends.

scholarly journals Rifkin’s misreadings of the zero-marginal cost of production of information technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rouchy
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper, I address contemporary attacks on rationalism thanks to Rifkin’s concepts of “extreme productivity” and “zero marginal cost of production” as examples of an ideological twist on genuine economic expressions. The main issue dealt with epistemological issues in the context of the contemporary communication age. It consists to clarify the relation between economic ideas and their relation to reality. To proceed accordingly, I implement a hermeneutic method applied to Rifkin’s discourse. That method is grounded in the scholarly tradition of “the ordinary language philosophy”. Its results proceed to show 2 distinct language games at work: 1- the neoclassical definition of marginal cost and its own logic is distinct from Rifkin’s use of it. 2- Rifkin uses the expression “marginal cost” under the auspices of an ideological discourse on the demise of capitalism. 3- The confusion is based on a systematically deceptive use of scholarly referencing. I conclude by drawing some lessons for the role of a multidisciplinary defense of economic rationality in contemporary discourse.

Can You Tell by Looking? A Postvisible Definition of Asian American Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-569
Author(s):  
Sue-Im Lee
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Asian American Literature ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Real Definition ◽  
American Literary History ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This essay identifies a need for a postvisible definition of Asian American literature. Traditionally Asian American literature has been identified by the racial descent of the writer and recognizable “Asian American” content, but such qualifications are no longer sufficient and prompt the question, “But is it Asian American?” In order to theorize a postvisible definition, this essay engages twentieth-century philosophy of art to delineate three distinct approaches to definition in Asian American literary history: a “real” definition in its founding period that pursued exactitude and empiricism in substantiating a new category of art called Asian American literature, to an anti-definition in the 1990s, and to the pluralist, nonnormative definition since 2000 in which identifying a text as Asian American is an exercise in persuasively situating the text within the Asian American literary artworld, not in identifying visibly “detectible” properties.

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