Effect of Operating Parameters on Ethanol–Water Vacuum Separation in an Ethanol Dehydration Apparatus and Process Modeling with ANN

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karimi ◽  
B. Ghobadian ◽  
G. Najafi ◽  
A. Nikian ◽  
R. Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Water Separation

Abstract Bioethanol has been found to be a suitable substitute for gasoline in internal combustion engines. It could be used either in an undiluted form or blended with gasoline. To blend the ethanol and gasoline, the water content of ethanol should reach 0.5% or less. In the present research work, 3A Zeolite was used as an absorbent with vacuum distillation. The effects of the operating parameters such as temperature, vacuum pressure and vapor flow rate on ethanol–water separation were investigated. Final ethanol concentration was obtained at the end of every run as well as the concentration of outlet ethanol. Both linear regression and ANN design were used to determine the best fit for two final parameters. The optimum condition was obtained at 0.4 bar vacuum pressure and 20 l/min ethanol–water vapor flow rate. ANN model is more qualified to the simulation of outspread data while the linear regression is not. L10L10 mode and L5T10 mode provide the best results for final concentration and total time, respectively. The Trainlm Algorithm like the previous research training algorithm is the best.

Performance Analysis of a Vacuum Desalination System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saad ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
V. M. Morcos
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Condenser Temperature

A new desalination system has been proposed and designed for converting sea water into fresh water utilizing the waste heat of internal combustion engines. The desalination process is based on the evaporation of sea water under a very low pressure (vacuum). The low pressure is achieved by using the suction side of a compressor rather than a commonly used vacuum pump. The evaporated water is then condensed to obtain fresh water. The effects of operational variables such as evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, vacuum pressure, and flow rate of both evaporator and condenser on the yield of fresh water are experimentally investigated. It is found that decreasing the vacuum pressure causes a significant increase in the yield of fresh water. It is also found that decreasing the condenser temperature, or increasing the evaporator temperature both lead to an increase in the yield of fresh water. Moreover, increasing the condenser flow rate tends to increase the yield of fresh water. The same trend is attained by increasing the evaporator flow rate.

Effect of Microwave Heating Variables on Nitrogen-Enriched Palm Shell Activated Carbon toward Efficient Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
N. Mohammad Nor ◽  
L. L. Chung ◽  
Bassim H. Hameed ◽  
S. Sethupathi ◽  
A. R. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

This research work is focuses on understanding the characteristics of modified nitrogen-enriched palm shell activated carbon (N-PSAC) that undergo different microwave (MW) operating parameters towards efficient H2S removal. The nitrogen functional groups were tailored onto PSAC micropore structures through impregnation of urea onto palm shell activated carbon (PSAC). The effect of MW heating variables (heating temperature, N2 flow rate, heating time and amount of adsorbent) on N-PSAC adsorbent was investigated and analyzed with respect to H2S adsorption capacity.One factor at a time (OFAT) approach was used to produce an efficient N-PSAC adsorbent, where theH2S breakthrough capacity (measured at 5% of H2S outlet concentration) attained was in the range of 98.71 – 211.35 mg/g.It was found that MW heating variables contribute a significant impactto the modification of N-PSAC adsorbent in catering the H2S emission.

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater and Effect of Climatic Change in Angul-Talcher Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Aliva Bera ◽  
D.P. Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Simulation Based

In this paper, the linear regression model using ANN and the linear regression model using MS Excel were developed to estimate the physico-chemical concentrations in groundwater using pH, EC, TDS, TH, HCO3 as input parameters and Ca, Mg and K as output parameters. A comparison was made which indicated that ANN model had the better ability to estimate the physic-chemical concentrations in groundwater. An analytical survey along with simulation based tests for finding the climatic change and its effect on agriculture and water bodies in Angul-Talcher area is done. The various seasonal parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TDS,TSS along with heavy elements like Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn concentration in water resources has been analyzed. For past 30 years rainfall data has been analyzed and water quality index values has been studied to find normal and abnormal quality of water resources and matlab based simulation has been done for performance analysis. All results has been analyzed and it is found that the condition is stable. 

scholarly journals Effects of Operating Parameters on Ionic Liquid Membrane to Remove Humidity in a Green Continuous Process

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Xueru Yan ◽  
Alexandre Favard ◽  
Stéphane Anguille ◽  
Marc Bendahan ◽  
Philippe Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Time Operation

Membrane processes are promising methods to separate gases from feed streams without phase changing. A hybrid process, the combination of ionic liquids with a ceramic membrane (ILM), has been developed for humidity removal in a green continuous process. This new concept provides a more efficient and available ionic liquid (IL)-based membrane regeneration process, which just switches the moist feed stream to dry air. Furthermore, the ILM presents high stability and mechanical resistance during long-time operation. In addition, the influences of several operating parameters, including flow rate, temperature, absolute pressure, and feed concentration on process efficiency were investigated. The lower inlet flow rate was found to be favorable for drying humid air. Moreover, when the pressure increased, the mass of absorbed water was increased, while the feed concentration had no significant effects on the membrane separation performance. However, the operating temperature had a great effect on humidity removal. It is necessary to note that the processes at room temperature can limit the energy consumption. The absorbing process of ILM remained efficient after several absorption desorption cycles. Therefore, the new ILM hybrid process that has been developed has great potential for consecutive humidity removal processes.

scholarly journals Continuous Flow Controlled Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Pulsed Mixing Microfluidic System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Liu ◽  
Xuhao Yang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
Wen Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Entrance Angle ◽  
Section Size ◽  
Pulsed Mixing ◽  
Entrance Flow

To prepare the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with uniform sizes, fine morphology, and good monodispersity, a pulsed mixing microfluidic system based on PZT actuation was presented. The system includes PZT micropump and Y type micromixer. By adjusting voltage (entrance flow rate), pulsed frequency, phase, and other parameters, a variety of mixing modes can be achieved, so as to realize the controllable synthesis of nanoparticles in a certain range. By numerical simulation and analysis, the channel section size, entrance angle, and pulse frequency were optimized. Based on the optimized structure and working parameters, the test prototype has been manufactured in lab, and the related synthesis tests of AuNPs were carried out. The test results indicate that AuNPs with uniform morphology and good monodispersity can be synthesized using the system with the section size (0.4 mm × 0.4 mm), the entrance channel angle (60°) under condition of the pulsed frequency (300 Hz), and the entrance flow rate (4 mL/min). The average diameter and its standard deviation of AuNPs synthesized were 21.6 nm, 4.83 nm, respectively. The research work above can be applied to the fields such as the controlled synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, biomedicine, and microchemical system.

scholarly journals Maximum Flow Rate of a Single Component, Two-Phase Mixture

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Maximum Flow Rate ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
Phase Mixture ◽  
Local Slip

A theoretical model is developed for predicting the maximum flow rate of a single component, two-phase mixture. It is based upon annular flow, uniform linear velocities of each phase, and equilibrium between liquid and vapor. Flow rate is maximized with respect to local slip ratio and static pressure for known stagnation conditions. Graphs are presented giving maximum steam/water flow rates for: local static pressures between 25 and 3,000 psia, with local qualities from 0.01 to 1.00; local stagnation pressures and enthalpies which cover the range of saturation states.

Heat transfer intensification by increasing vapor flow rate in flat heat pipes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu Sprinceana ◽  
Ioan Mihai ◽  
Marius Beniuga ◽  
Cornel Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Heat Transfer Intensification

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of apixaban during in vitro continuous renal replacement therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Andrews ◽  
Scott Benken ◽  
Xing Tan ◽  
Eric Wenzler
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Filter Type

Abstract Background To evaluate the transmembrane clearance (CLTM) of apixaban during modeled in vitro continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), assess protein binding and circuit adsorption, and provide initial dosing recommendations. Methods Apixaban was added to the CRRT circuit and serial pre-filter bovine blood samples were collected along with post-filter blood and effluent samples. All experiments were performed in duplicate using continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and hemodialysis (CVVHD) modes, with varying filter types, flow rates, and point of CVVH replacement fluid dilution. Concentrations of apixaban and urea were quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for apixaban were estimated via noncompartmental analysis. CLTM was calculated via the estimated area under the curve (AUC) and by the product of the sieving/saturation coefficient (SC/SA) and flow rate. Two and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were built to assess the effects of mode, filter type, flow rate, and point of dilution on CLTM by each method. Optimal doses were suggested by matching the AUC observed in vitro to the systemic exposure demonstrated in Phase 2/3 studies of apixaban. Linear regression was utilized to provide dosing estimations for flow rates from 0.5–5 L/h. Results Mean adsorption to the HF1400 and M150 filters differed significantly at 38 and 13%, respectively, while mean (± standard deviation, SD) percent protein binding was 70.81 ± 0.01%. Effect of CVVH point of dilution did not differ across filter types, although CLTM was consistently significantly higher during CRRT with the HF1400 filter compared to the M150. The three-way ANOVA demonstrated improved fit when CLTM values calculated by AUC were used (adjusted R2 0.87 vs. 0.52), and therefore, these values were used to generate optimal dosing recommendations. Linear regression revealed significant effects of filter type and flow rate on CLTM by AUC, suggesting doses of 2.5–7.5 mg twice daily (BID) may be needed for flow rates ranging from 0.5–5 L/h, respectively. Conclusion For CRRT flow rates most commonly employed in clinical practice, the standard labeled 5 mg BID dose of apixaban is predicted to achieve target systemic exposure thresholds. The safety and efficacy of these proposed dosing regimens warrants further investigation in clinical studies.

Research on the Removal Results of Hydrogen Sulfide of the Treatment of Coal Gasification Wastewater Biogas in the Anaerobic Biotrickling Filter

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2000-2005
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Xu ◽  
Hong Jun Han
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
H2s Removal ◽  
Outlet Concentration ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate

The uncertainty of operating parameters hinders the practical application of the biological desulfurization. To solve this problem, this study which was conducted in room temperature, pH around seven conditions, investigated the effects of the operating parameters on the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal performance in the biotrickling filter, including inlet H2S concentration, inlet flow rate or gas retention time, inlet volume load and circulating liquid spraying flux. The results showed that, the inlet H2S concentration should be controlled within 800mg/m3, 650mg/m3, 400mg/m3, 300mg/m3 respectively while the inlet flow rate was 150L/h, 200L/h, 250L/h, 300L/h, at those conditions, the outlet H2S concentrations were lower than 8mg/m3 and the H2S removal efficiencies were more than 98%. The optimum gas retention time was 12.37s, corresponding to the inlet flow rate of 200L/h, at this time, even if the inlet H2S concentration as high as 700mg/m3, the removal efficiency could be still more than 98%, the outlet concentration of H2S was only 13.1mg/m3. The maximum inlet volume load was 130g/(m3•h), in this condition, the outlet concentration of H2S could be controlled below 12mg/m3, the removal efficiency could above 98.4%.

scholarly journals Prediction of Blended Yarn Evenness and Tensile Properties by Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samander Ali Malik ◽  
Assad Farooq ◽  
Thomas Gereke ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract The present research work was carried out to develop the prediction models for blended ring spun yarn evenness and tensile parameters using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Polyester/cotton blend ratio, twist multiplier, back roller hardness and break draft ratio were used as input parameters to predict yarn evenness in terms of CVm% and yarn tensile properties in terms of tenacity and elongation. Feed forward neural networks with Bayesian regularisation support were successfully trained and tested using the available experimental data. The coefficients of determination of ANN and regression models indicate that there is a strong correlation between the measured and predicted yarn characteristics with an acceptable mean absolute error values. The comparative analysis of two modelling techniques shows that the ANNs perform better than the MLR models. The relative importance of input variables was determined using rank analysis through input saliency test on optimised ANN models and standardised coefficients of regression models. These models are suitable for yarn manufacturers and can be used within the investigated knowledge domain.

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