Performance Analysis of a Vacuum Desalination System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saad ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
V. M. Morcos
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Condenser Temperature

A new desalination system has been proposed and designed for converting sea water into fresh water utilizing the waste heat of internal combustion engines. The desalination process is based on the evaporation of sea water under a very low pressure (vacuum). The low pressure is achieved by using the suction side of a compressor rather than a commonly used vacuum pump. The evaporated water is then condensed to obtain fresh water. The effects of operational variables such as evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, vacuum pressure, and flow rate of both evaporator and condenser on the yield of fresh water are experimentally investigated. It is found that decreasing the vacuum pressure causes a significant increase in the yield of fresh water. It is also found that decreasing the condenser temperature, or increasing the evaporator temperature both lead to an increase in the yield of fresh water. Moreover, increasing the condenser flow rate tends to increase the yield of fresh water. The same trend is attained by increasing the evaporator flow rate.

Effect of Operating Parameters on Ethanol–Water Vacuum Separation in an Ethanol Dehydration Apparatus and Process Modeling with ANN

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karimi ◽  
B. Ghobadian ◽  
G. Najafi ◽  
A. Nikian ◽  
R. Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Water Separation

Abstract Bioethanol has been found to be a suitable substitute for gasoline in internal combustion engines. It could be used either in an undiluted form or blended with gasoline. To blend the ethanol and gasoline, the water content of ethanol should reach 0.5% or less. In the present research work, 3A Zeolite was used as an absorbent with vacuum distillation. The effects of the operating parameters such as temperature, vacuum pressure and vapor flow rate on ethanol–water separation were investigated. Final ethanol concentration was obtained at the end of every run as well as the concentration of outlet ethanol. Both linear regression and ANN design were used to determine the best fit for two final parameters. The optimum condition was obtained at 0.4 bar vacuum pressure and 20 l/min ethanol–water vapor flow rate. ANN model is more qualified to the simulation of outspread data while the linear regression is not. L10L10 mode and L5T10 mode provide the best results for final concentration and total time, respectively. The Trainlm Algorithm like the previous research training algorithm is the best.

Optimized Refrigerant Flow Rate and Dimensions of the Ejector Employed in a Modified Ejector Vapor Compression System

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050038
Author(s):  
Dishant Sharma ◽  
Gulshan Sachdeva ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Saini
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Condenser Temperature ◽  
Vapor Compression System ◽  
Vapor Compression Cooling

This paper presents the analysis of a modified vapor compression cooling system which uses an ejector as an expansion device. Expanding refrigerant in an ejector enhances the refrigeration effect and reduces compressor work. Therefore, it yields a better coefficient of performance. Thermodynamic analysis of a constant area ejector model has been done to obtain primary dimensions of the ejector for given condenser and evaporator temperature and cooling capacity. The proposed model has been used to design the ejector for three refrigerants; R134a, R152a and R1234yf. The refrigerant flow rate and the diameters at various sections of the ejector have been obtained by doing numerical modeling in Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Refrigerant R1234yf demanded the highest diameter requirements at a fixed 5∘C evaporator temperature and 40∘C condenser temperature for a given range of cooling load. Both primary and secondary refrigerants flow rates are higher for R1234yf followed by R134a and then R152a.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Humidifier (Spray Humidifier dan Pad Humidifier)Terhadap Produktivitas Unit Desalinasi Berbasis Pompa Kalor Dengan Menggunakan Proses Humidifikasi dan Dehumidifikasi

MECHANICAL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri Yaningsih ◽  
Tri Istanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Over The Top

This research examined the effect of the use of spray humidifier and pad humidifier on the productivity of a desalination unit based heat pump with using humidification and dehumidification process. In spray humidifier there were 5 pieces of sprinklers for spraying sea water. In pad humidifier, sea water was distributed evenly over the top by means of sea water flowing through perforated pipes that have been placed on pad humidifier. Tested the effect of sea water volumetric flow rate, air velocity and sea water temperature which was fed to spray humidifier and pad humidifier on the fresh water production resulted from desalination unit.The research result showed that the production of fresh water increased with the increase in the sea water volumetric flow rate, air velocity, and sea water temperature, this applies to the use of spray humidifier or pad humidifier in the desalination unit.On testing of the effect of the sea water volumetric flow rate, air velocity, and sea water temperature, the performance of spray humidifier and pad humidifier was equal in the production of fresh water, when the ratio of sea water mass flow rate to air mass flow rate of 1.34, 1.3 and 1.3, respectively.Keywords : dehumidification,desalination, humidification, pad humidifier, spray humidifier

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A WET COOLING TOWER FOR FRESH WATER FROM PLUME AND ANALYZING AN INDUSTRIAL COOLING TOWER BASED ON RESULTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5892-5898
Author(s):  
Sella Muthu ◽  
C Manoharan ◽  
R Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Yield

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. The stream of saturated exhaust air leaving the cooling tower called the plume is visible when water vapor it contains condenses in contact with cooler ambient air, like the saturated air in one's breath fogs on a cold day. Under certain conditions, the cooling tower plume may present fogging or icing hazards to its surroundings and gives some environmental problems. To find the solution for this problem a cooling tower has been analysed based on air flow rate through the tower and the cooling load to obtain fresh water yield by utilising plume from cooling tower top. The theoretical analysis gives the values of important parameters Theoretical analysis has been done on wet cooling tower by varying the water flow rate through which affect the performance of a cooling tower such as the cooling range, effectiveness, approach, fresh water yield etc. Then with the conditions of a trials from the analysis, the mass flow rate of water in the cooling tower was scaled up to match the mass flow rate of water in an industrial cooling tower. This helps in obtaining the mass flow rate of the air and fresh water yield through the industrial cooling tower.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KOLEKTOR SURYA SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF DESALINASI AIR LAUT UNTUK MENGATASI KRISIS AIR BERSIH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Dedet Hermawan Setiabudi ◽  
Muhrom Khudhori
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Solar Desalination

This research examined the effect of air velocity and the efficiency of double-pass flat plate solar air heater with two glass covers on the performance of solar desalination unit based on heat pump with using humidification and dehumidification processes. This unit consists of a heat pump, humidifier, dehumidifier, and double-pass flat plate solar air heater with two glass covers. The research was conducted in an indoor experiment. Solar energy generated from solar simulator using halogen lamps. In this research the air flow rate was varied at 3 metres per second, 4 metres per second, 5 metres per second, and 6 metres per second, while the intensity of solar radiation at 828 Watts per meter squared. At each variation in air velocity, sea water temperature was conditioned at a constant temperature of 45 degrees celcius, the compressor was operated at a constant rotation of 900 rpm, volumetric flow rate of sea water inlet 300 liters per hour into humidifier and sea water in this system was re-circulated. The research result showed that the volume of fresh water production increases with increasing air velocity inlet into humidifier. This solar desalination unit could produce fresh water maximum 2470 milliliters per hour in air velocity 6 metres per second.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

Reosquido Desalinasi Metode Evaporasi dengan Ultraviolet Berbasis Mikrokontroller

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Azis ◽  
Nuryake Fajaryati
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Heater Element ◽  
The Third ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Arduino Uno

This research aims to create a Reosquido desalination tool for evaporation methods using a microcontroller. This tool can control the temperature to speed up the evaporation process in producing fresh water. The method applied to Reosquido desalination uses Evaporation. The first process before evaporation is the detection of temperature in sea water that will be heated using an element heater. The second process of temperature measurement is to turn off and turn on the Arduino Uno controlled heater, when the temperature is less than 80 ° then the heater is on. The third process is evaporation during temperatures between 80 ° to 100 °, evaporation water sticks to the glass roof which is designed by pyramid. Evaporated water that flows into the reservoir is detected by its solubility TDS value. The fourth process is heater off when the temperature is more than 100 °. Based on the results of the testing, the desalination process using a microcontroller controlled heater can speed up the time up to 55% of the previous desalination process tool, namely manual desalination prsoes without using the heater element controlled by the temperature and controlled by a microcontroller which takes 9 hours. Produces fresh water as much as 30ml from 3000ml of sea water, so that it can be compared to 1: 100.

scholarly journals Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
George Mallouppas ◽  
Elias Ar. Yfantis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Research Technology

This review paper examines the possible pathways and possible technologies available that will help the shipping sector achieve the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) deep decarbonization targets by 2050. There has been increased interest from important stakeholders regarding deep decarbonization, evidenced by market surveys conducted by Shell and Deloitte. However, deep decarbonization will require financial incentives and policies at an international and regional level given the maritime sector’s ~3% contribution to green house gas (GHG) emissions. The review paper, based on research articles and grey literature, discusses technoeconomic problems and/or benefits for technologies that will help the shipping sector achieve the IMO’s targets. The review presents a discussion on the recent literature regarding alternative fuels (nuclear, hydrogen, ammonia, methanol), renewable energy sources (biofuels, wind, solar), the maturity of technologies (fuel cells, internal combustion engines) as well as technical and operational strategies to reduce fuel consumption for new and existing ships (slow steaming, cleaning and coating, waste heat recovery, hull and propeller design). The IMO’s 2050 targets will be achieved via radical technology shift together with the aid of social pressure, financial incentives, regulatory and legislative reforms at the local, regional and international level.

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