scholarly journals Delirium in the course of dependence upon gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) - a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łobejko ◽  
Piotr Machała ◽  
Agata Makarewicz ◽  
Hanna Karakuła Juchnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Substance Withdrawal ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

AbstractGamma-butyrolactone (GBL) is an organic chemical compound of the lactones group, undergoing biotransformation into gamma-hydroxybutyrate after the intake (GHB). Because of the easy access, low price and fast psychotropic effect, GBL is becoming increasingly popular substance having intoxicating effect. Taking of GBL causes dose-dependent euphoric, sedative, hypnotic effects. Its use can quickly lead to physical dependence with severe course of withdrawal syndromes. Withdrawal symptoms resemble those occurring in the course of addiction to alcohol or benzodiazepines. In some patients, delirium develops during substance withdrawal. There are described severe, life-threatening complications in the course of delirium in GBL-dependent patients. The management of withdrawal syndromes and delirium mainly involves administration of benzodiazepines. In this paper, we present a case of delirium in 24-year-old man addicted to GBL hospitalized in a psychiatric ward. Delirium in this patient went without complications and was successfully managed with diazepam and lorazepam.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of dendritic cell lysosomal proteins against Cryptococcus neoformans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin N. Nelson ◽  
Savannah G. Beakley ◽  
Sierra Posey ◽  
Brittney Conn ◽  
Emma Maritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lysosomal Proteins

AbstractCryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening disease among immune compromised individuals that is caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Previous studies have shown that the fungus is phagocytosed by dendritic cells (DCs) and trafficked to the lysosome where it is killed by both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms. While certain molecules from the lysosome are known to kill or inhibit the growth of C. neoformans, the lysosome is an organelle containing many different proteins and enzymes that are designed to degrade phagocytosed material. We hypothesized that multiple lysosomal components, including cysteine proteases and antimicrobial peptides, could inhibit the growth of C. neoformans. Our study identified the contents of the DC lysosome and examined the anti-cryptococcal properties of different proteins found within the lysosome. Results showed several DC lysosomal proteins affected the growth of C. neoformans in vitro. The proteins that killed or inhibited the fungus did so in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the concentration of protein needed for cryptococcal inhibition was found to be non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells. These data show that many DC lysosomal proteins have antifungal activity and have potential as immune-based therapeutics.

Gamma-Butyrolactone Overdose Potentially Complicated by Co-Ingestion of Industrial Solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Melamed ◽  
Roy Gerona ◽  
Paul D Blanc ◽  
Paul Takamoto ◽  
Stephanie Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Endogenous Metabolism ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

Abstract Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is misused as an intoxicant, either alone or concurrently with other substances. Because GHB is illegal, the precursor chemicals 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone are also misused for the same effect, either through pre-ingestion alteration or endogenous metabolism to GHB. We describe a case of a 50-year-old man with a history of polysubstance misuse who experienced an overdose of GHB from gamma-butyrolactone ingestion. The patient also co-ingested a common industrial solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This co-ingested substance raised theoretical concern of metabolism to a GHB congener, underscoring that the emergence of new psychoactive substance use patterns requires ongoing vigilance and toxicologic confirmation.

Immunosuppressant associated torsades de pointes after acute heart rejection in an 8-year-old boy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1194-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Hsin-Ming ◽  
Tseng Wei-Chieh ◽  
Chiu Shuenn-Nan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Rejection ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Torsades De Pointes ◽  
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Anchoring Protein ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractTorsades de pointes is a kind of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia. We report a case of torsades de pointes in an 8-year-old boy with acute rejection after orthotopic heart transplantation. The causes of torsades de pointes could be either congenital or acquired. In this case, various causes including acute rejection-related repolarisation heterogeneity, dose-dependent acquired long QT resulting from treatment with immunosuppressants, and AKAP9 (A-kinase anchoring protein 9) genetic variants are the possible mechanisms.

scholarly journals THE CENTRAL ACTION OF GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE AND GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
TAKASHI BAN ◽  
SHUJI TAKAORI ◽  
MASASHI SASA ◽  
KIRO SHIMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Central Action ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

scholarly journals Reconstitution of the Biochemical Activities of the AttJ Repressor and the AttK, AttL, and AttM Catabolic Enzymes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 3674-3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunrong Chai ◽  
Ching Sung Tsai ◽  
Hongbaek Cho ◽  
Stephen C. Winans
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Succinic Semialdehyde ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates ◽  
Acylhomoserine Lactone ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

ABSTRACT The attKLM operon encodes a lactonase (AttM) that hydrolyzes acylhomoserine lactone autoinducers, as well as two putative dehydrogenases (AttK and AttL). Here we show that AttK, AttL, and AttM collectively covert gamma-butyrolactone to succinate. Two metabolic intermediates, gamma-hydroxybutyrate and succinic semialdehyde, inactivated the AttJ repressor in vitro and induced attKLM transcription in vivo.

scholarly journals Analysis of Biofluids for Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) by Headspace GC-FID and GC-MS

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. LeBeau ◽  
M. A. Montgomery ◽  
M. L. Miller ◽  
S. G. Burmeister
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Headspace Gc ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document