Acute toxicity and withdrawal syndromes related to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogues gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wood ◽  
Alan D. Brailsford ◽  
Paul I. Dargan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

scholarly journals Delirium in the course of dependence upon gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) - a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łobejko ◽  
Piotr Machała ◽  
Agata Makarewicz ◽  
Hanna Karakuła Juchnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Substance Withdrawal ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

AbstractGamma-butyrolactone (GBL) is an organic chemical compound of the lactones group, undergoing biotransformation into gamma-hydroxybutyrate after the intake (GHB). Because of the easy access, low price and fast psychotropic effect, GBL is becoming increasingly popular substance having intoxicating effect. Taking of GBL causes dose-dependent euphoric, sedative, hypnotic effects. Its use can quickly lead to physical dependence with severe course of withdrawal syndromes. Withdrawal symptoms resemble those occurring in the course of addiction to alcohol or benzodiazepines. In some patients, delirium develops during substance withdrawal. There are described severe, life-threatening complications in the course of delirium in GBL-dependent patients. The management of withdrawal syndromes and delirium mainly involves administration of benzodiazepines. In this paper, we present a case of delirium in 24-year-old man addicted to GBL hospitalized in a psychiatric ward. Delirium in this patient went without complications and was successfully managed with diazepam and lorazepam.

Gamma-Butyrolactone Overdose Potentially Complicated by Co-Ingestion of Industrial Solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Melamed ◽  
Roy Gerona ◽  
Paul D Blanc ◽  
Paul Takamoto ◽  
Stephanie Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Endogenous Metabolism ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

Abstract Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is misused as an intoxicant, either alone or concurrently with other substances. Because GHB is illegal, the precursor chemicals 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone are also misused for the same effect, either through pre-ingestion alteration or endogenous metabolism to GHB. We describe a case of a 50-year-old man with a history of polysubstance misuse who experienced an overdose of GHB from gamma-butyrolactone ingestion. The patient also co-ingested a common industrial solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This co-ingested substance raised theoretical concern of metabolism to a GHB congener, underscoring that the emergence of new psychoactive substance use patterns requires ongoing vigilance and toxicologic confirmation.

scholarly journals THE CENTRAL ACTION OF GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE AND GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
TAKASHI BAN ◽  
SHUJI TAKAORI ◽  
MASASHI SASA ◽  
KIRO SHIMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Central Action ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

scholarly journals Reconstitution of the Biochemical Activities of the AttJ Repressor and the AttK, AttL, and AttM Catabolic Enzymes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 3674-3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunrong Chai ◽  
Ching Sung Tsai ◽  
Hongbaek Cho ◽  
Stephen C. Winans
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Succinic Semialdehyde ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates ◽  
Acylhomoserine Lactone ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

ABSTRACT The attKLM operon encodes a lactonase (AttM) that hydrolyzes acylhomoserine lactone autoinducers, as well as two putative dehydrogenases (AttK and AttL). Here we show that AttK, AttL, and AttM collectively covert gamma-butyrolactone to succinate. Two metabolic intermediates, gamma-hydroxybutyrate and succinic semialdehyde, inactivated the AttJ repressor in vitro and induced attKLM transcription in vivo.

scholarly journals Analysis of Biofluids for Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) by Headspace GC-FID and GC-MS

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. LeBeau ◽  
M. A. Montgomery ◽  
M. L. Miller ◽  
S. G. Burmeister
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Headspace Gc ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

Clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone toxicity and concomitant drug and alcohol use

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias E. Liechti ◽  
Isabelle Kunz ◽  
Peter Greminger ◽  
Rudolf Speich ◽  
Hugo Kupferschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Concomitant Drug ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone
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