Empirical and Theoretical Models of Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Transition Temperatures of Supplemented Phase Diagrams in Aqueous Systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Equilibrium Transition ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Empirical and theoretical models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium transition temperatures of supplemented phase diagrams in aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio R. Corti ◽  
C. Austen Angell ◽  
Tony Auffret ◽  
Harry Levine ◽  
M. Pilar Buera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Transition Curve ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Equilibrium Transition ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Freezing Curve ◽  
Non Equilibrium

This paper describes the main thermodynamic concepts related to the construction of supplemented phase (or state) diagrams (SPDs) for aqueous solutions containing vitrifying agents used in the cryo- and dehydro-preservation of natural (foods, seeds, etc.) and synthetic (pharmaceuticals) products. It also reviews the empirical and theoretical equations employed to predict equilibrium transitions (ice freezing, solute solubility) and non-equilibrium transitions (glass transition and the extrapolated freezing curve). The comparison with experimental results is restricted to carbohydrate aqueous solutions, because these are the most widely used cryoprotectant agents. The paper identifies the best standard procedure to determine the glass transition curve over the entire water-content scale, and how to determine the temperature and concentration of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution.

Nomenclature for phase diagrams with particular reference to vapour–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibria (Technical report)

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2233-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bolz ◽  
U. K. Deiters ◽  
C. J. Peters ◽  
T. W. de Loos
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Technical Report

Dynamic Phase Diagrams And Non-equilibrium Lever Principle Of Carbon Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zou ◽  
H. Cao ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
X. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Dynamic Phase Diagrams ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Non-equilibrium transition state rate theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 3761-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Feng ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Rate Theory ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
State Rate ◽  
Equilibrium Transition ◽  
Biological Equilibrium ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Transition state or Kramers' rate theory has been used to quantify the kinetic speed of many chemical, physical and biological equilibrium processes successfully.

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