Modeling and closed-loop control of a medical flow generator appliance

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Scheel ◽  
Andreas Berndt ◽  
Olaf Simanski
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Breathing Therapy ◽  
Flow Generator

AbstractThe CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy is the most common therapy to treat the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. If the upper respiratory tracts collapse, it may lead to breathing interrupts during sleep. The CPAP-device provides a positive pressure to splint the airways. The influence on the pressure is different from patient to patient and their medical condition. It has been shown that many CPAP-devices can not maintain the required pressure set points, because the mask pressure is seriously influenced by the patient's breathing. In this work the electromechanic part and pneumatic part of the breathing therapy system is modeled to provide an opportunity for a model-based control approach. Based on the physical chain of effect an existing control strategy is extended. In the end some control results are shown and a conclusion is made.

Application of Kalman filter for breathing effort reconstruction for OSAS patients in breathing therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1064-1071
Author(s):  
Mathias Scheel ◽  
Andreas Berndt ◽  
Olaf Simanski
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Breathing Therapy ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Breathing Effort

Abstract The CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy is the gold standard to treat the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The CPAP-device generates a positive pressure to splint the upper respiratory tracts preventing an collapse of the tracts and the pharynx. It has been shown that many CPAP-devices cannot maintain the pressure set points adjusted by the medical staff, because the mask pressure is seriously influenced by the patient’s breathing. In this work a method is provided to estimate the breathing effort of the patient. Therefore a model of the breathing therapy system is introduced and the application of the Kalman filter is described. The estimated breathing effort could then be used in further control strategies to improve the control quality.

scholarly journals Predictors of sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnoea at baseline and after 6 months of continuous positive airway pressure therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Budhiraja ◽  
Clete A. Kushida ◽  
Deborah A. Nichols ◽  
James K. Walsh ◽  
Richard D. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

We evaluated factors associated with subjective and objective sleepiness at baseline and after 6 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).We analysed data from the Apnoea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES), a prospective 6-month multicentre randomised controlled trial with 1105 subjects with OSA, 558 of who were randomised to active CPAP. Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores and the mean sleep latency (MSL) on the maintenance of wakefulness test at baseline and after 6 months of CPAP therapy were recorded.Excessive sleepiness (ESS score >10) was present in 543 (49.1%) participants. Younger age, presence of depression and higher apnoea–hypopnoea index were all associated with higher ESS scores and lower MSL. Randomisation to the CPAP group was associated with lower odds of sleepiness at 6 months. The prevalence of sleepiness was significantly lower in those using CPAP >4 h·night−1versususing CPAP ≤4 h·night−1. Among those with good CPAP adherence, those with ESS >10 at baseline had significantly higher odds (OR 8.2, p<0.001) of persistent subjective sleepiness.Lower average nightly CPAP use and presence of sleepiness at baseline were independently associated with excessive subjective and objective sleepiness after 6 months of CPAP therapy.

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