Mythos »Judenklub« – Feindbildkonstruktionen im mitteleuropäischen Fußball der Zwischenkriegszeit

Aschkenas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Fan Culture ◽  
Central European ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Urban Images

AbstractThe article focuses on a certain aspect of Central European soccer history – the turning of traditional urban images into enemy stereotypes by the inter-war fan culture. Generally, pejorative images were based on the origin of a club. Village clubs and their fans were considered »Saubauern«. If they had their home in a suburb, they were denigrated as a »Mob«, and if they were city-clubs, they had to cope with anti-Semitism. The images were in fact misleading. Even those clubs which were denounced as »Judenklubs« only had a very small minority of Jews among their fans, members and officials.

scholarly journals Opowieść o nieuwikłanych ziemiach

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michał Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Central European ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Mass Killings

Narrative of untangled lands Timothy Snyder’s Bloodlands is an extremely ambitious project not only of historiography but also, we dare say, of historiosophy. Snyder seeks originality in shaping both the geography and the narrative of what he considers to be the central occurrence of contemporary history – mass killings of the Nazi regime and Stalinist Russia. He claims that in order to comprehend the logic of the killings we need to put emphasis on the (intentional and unintentional) collusion (interaction) of the two regimes. I believe that this interpretation is trivial if we take its weak interpretation, and wrong if we want to understand it in a strong way. Snyder is widely praised for adopting or giving justice to the Central European (namely Polish) perception of the WWII, but in doing it he gladly succumbs to its lacunas and deliberate misinterpretations. He not only downgrades the importance of the Shoah but also downplays the role of Eastern European anti-Semitism and its interaction with the Nazi “messianic” anti-judaismus as the key factor in successful execution of the Final Solution.

Nathan Birnbaum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess J. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Central European ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Theodor Herzl ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
Anti Jewish

Nathan Birnbaum (b. 1864–d. 1937), also known by the pseudonym Mathias Acher (“another Mathias”), was a journalist, theorist of Jewish nationalism, and political activist. Birnbaum was a pioneer in the emergence of both secular Jewish nationalism and Orthodox political organization. Deeply affected by his exposure to rising anti-Semitism in fin-de-siècle Vienna and alienated by what he would term “assimilation mania” (Assimilationssucht), Birnbaum’s ideology was shaped early by two themes that developed throughout his career: belief that there was an intrinsic, unique Jewish identity, and that this identity could be activated as a solution to the oppression afflicting European Jews. Birnbaum’s early work integrated models of central European nationalism filtered through the writings of Moses Hess, Peretz Smolenskin, and Leon Pinsker. In the wake of anti-Jewish violence in Russia in 1882, Birnbaum and other Jewish students at Vienna University founded Kadimah, the earliest Jewish nationalist organization in central Europe. He cultivated an important presence among central European Jewish nationalists, and he was a significant influence on a young generation of “cultural” Zionists. In the early 1890s, he coined the term “Zionism” (Zionismus) to describe Palestine-oriented Jewish nationalism. When Theodor Herzl arrived in Zionist circles in 1896, he sidelined Birnbaum along with nearly everyone else who had preceded him in the movement, but Birnbaum’s opinion on the nature of authentic Jewish identity was already evolving. He eventually became an internal, and ultimately outside, critic of Zionism, concluding that an organic Jewish identity already existed in the folkways, Yiddish language, and communities of eastern European Jews. As an extension of this, he led in organizing the first conference of the Yiddish language in 1908. In the aftermath of the conference, Birnbaum deepened his engagement with the Yiddish language and eastern European Jewish culture and increasingly turned his thoughts to issues of spirituality and religion. After the outbreak of the First World War, Birnbaum announced himself a “ba’al teshuva,” a penitent returnee to Torah-observant Judaism. He was embraced by the Agudah, and his skills as a journalist and activist were put to use in Agudah organizing. Now Birnbaum revolutionized his understanding of the foundation of Jewish identity. Maintaining the ideal of Jewish authenticity as the only route to Jewish cohesion, Birnbaum rejected his earlier ethno-nationalist understanding of Jewish identity, replacing it with Orthodox religious observance and belief in the Torah. He aligned himself with a Hasidic religiosity that was an organic extension of his admiration for eastern European Jewry. A transformation that earned him respect in the Orthodox world and derision among the secular nationalists he had left behind, Birnbaum considered his change consistent with his views on Jewish authenticity. As the situation of European Jewry declined in the late 1920s and 1930s, Birnbaum felt vindicated in his dim view of the possibility of Jewish life outside of a religious identity, and wrote in this vein for the rest of his life. He died in Scheveningen, The Netherlands, in 1937.

The Argentine Right and the Jews, 1919–1933

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra McGee Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Military

In Prisoner Without A Name, Cell Without A Number, Jacobo Timerman exposed the anti-Jewish side of the official war against ‘subversion’ in Argentina during the late 1970s. His dramatic testimony is only the latest entry in the lengthy history of twentieth-century Argentine anti-Semitism. Researchers and observers have commonly identified anti-Semitism in that country with rightist factions within the upper strata, including members of such important élites as the military, clergy, and intelligentsia. While only a small minority of the Argentine populace fits into this category, the anti-Semitic right's visibility and fervor have inspired widespread concern and scholarly interest.

Anti-semitism, stress, and anchor effects on interpersonal judgments.

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (4, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fischer ◽  
Brendan G. Rule
Keyword(s):  
Anti Semitism
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