Relative ecological footprints based on resource usage efficiency per capita: macro-level segmentation of 121 countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Steven White ◽  
Adam J. Sulkowski
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Resource Usage ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Usage Efficiency

scholarly journals Structural Dynamics of International Trade and Material Consumption: A Cross-National Study of the Ecological Footprints of Less-Developed Countries

2005 ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Jorgenson ◽  
James Rice
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Study ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Export Flows

Many social scientists argue that more-developed countries externalize their environmental costs through the tapping of resources of less-developed countries, which reduces levels of consumption in the latter while increasing forms of environmental degradation within their borders. However, these assertions lack systematic empirical support. This study offers a new conceptualization of the structure of international trade that may help to partly resolve this issue: weighted export flows, which quantifies the relative extent to which exports are sent to higher-consuming, more-developed countries. Our hypothesis is that less-developed countries with higher levels of exports sent to more-developed countries exhibit lower domestic levels of resource consumption, measured as ecological footprints. In a series of regression models of per capita ecological footprints for less-developed countries in 2000, evidence is found supporting the hypothesis. The negative effect of weighted export flows on the per capita footprints of nations is robust, net of the often cited impacts of capital intensity, urbanization, domestic inequality, human capital, and other export-related characteristics. Results of this study provide empirical evidence of the environmental impacts of the structure of international trade and outline a new methodological approach to studying uneven ecological exchange.

Urban Planning in Resource-Based Cities Based on Ecological Footprint and Ecological Carrying Capacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 2236-2240
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Zhao Hua Lu ◽  
Jin Fang Zhu ◽  
Fei Fei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban Regulation

Most of resource-based cities (RBC) are the result of resource-based industrialization processes and were built on mining areas, leading to heterogeneous composition and distribution of urban areas which were lacking of proper urban planning guidance. The unique urbanization processes in RBC resulted in severe fragmentation of habitats and environmental exacerbation and generated negative impacts to human well-being. In this research, an assessment model based on ecological footprint (EF) and ecological carrying capacity (EC) was used to detect the trend of urbanization in Tangshan city. In this model, we created four new indicators which could enrich EF and EC with economic and social dimensions, and categorized six types of ecological footprints into three main kinds of ecological footprints. The results indicated that (a) the EF per capita and the EC per capita have had enormous increment and decrement respectively; (b) ecological tension and ecological occupancy presented a constant increasing trend while the ecological sustainability was continuously decreasing in this period; and (c) almost all of the six indicators were in an unbalanced status in the comprehensive grading system worldwide. We suggest that (a) a diversified energy consumption structure and an energy-saving urban system should be accomplished in the future urban regulation; (b) any shrinkage of fisheries should be avoided in the future urban regulation, and coastal protection and offshore fishing should be prioritized.

A Cross-national Analysis of Religion and Attitudes toward Premarital Sex

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
Cross National

This study examines how micro-level religious effects and macro-level economic contexts shape individuals’ attitudes toward premarital sex. It then investigates whether the effects of individual-level religiosity on approval of premarital sex are contingent on the economic characteristics of a nation, reflected by a country’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Multilevel analyses of data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014) reveal that both individual religiosity and GDP per capita are important predictors of attitudes toward premarital sex. Furthermore, cross-level interactions suggest that individual religiosity has a greater negative effect on approval of premarital sex in countries that are more economically developed. I discuss how these findings speak to theories about religion, economic modernization, and the ways that macro-level contexts are linked with micro-level factors.

scholarly journals Managing the CERN Batch System with Kubernetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07048
Author(s):  
Luis Fernandez Alvarez ◽  
Olga Datskova ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Gavin McCance
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Batch Service ◽  
Resource Usage ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Providers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Usage Efficiency

The CERN Batch Service faces many challenges in order to get ready for the computing demands of future LHC runs. These challenges require that we look at all potential resources, assessing how efficiently we use them and that we explore different alternatives to exploit opportunistic resources in our infrastructure as well as outside of the CERN computing centre. Several projects, like BEER, Helix Nebula Science Cloud and the new OCRE project, have proven our ability to run batch workloads on a wide range of non-traditional resources. However, the challenge is not only to obtain the raw compute resources needed but how to define an operational model that is cost and time efficient, scalable and flexible enough to adapt to a heterogeneous infrastructure. In order to tackle both the provisioning and operational challenges it was decided to use Kubernetes. By using Kubernetes we benefit from a de-facto standard in containerised environments, available in nearly all cloud providers and surrounded by a vibrant ecosystem of open-source projects. Leveraging Kubernetes’ built-in functionality, and other open-source tools such as Helm, Terraform and GitLab CI, we have deployed a first cluster prototype which we discuss in detail. The effort has simplified many of the existing operational procedures we currently have, but has also made us rethink established procedures and assumptions that were only valid in a VM-based cloud environment. This contribution presents how we have adopted Kubernetes into the CERN Batch Service, the impact its adoption has in daily operations, a comparison on resource usage efficiency and the experience so far evolving our infrastructure towards this model.

Militarization and the Environment: A Panel Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Ecological Footprints of Nations, 1970–2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Jorgenson ◽  
Brett Clark ◽  
Jeffrey Kentor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross National

The authors situate treadmill of destruction theory in a comparative international perspective to assess the environmental impacts of national militaries. Results of cross-national panel models indicate that high-tech militarization in the form of expenditures per soldier contribute to the scale and intensity of carbon dioxide emissions as well as the per capita ecological footprints of nations. Likewise, all three of these environmental outcomes are positively associated with military participation in the context of the number of soldiers relative to the size of domestic populations. Overall, the findings support the proposed theorization and highlight the need for social scientists to consider the environmental and ecological consequences of nations' militaries, regardless of whether or not they are engaged in conflicts.

Unpacking International Power and the Ecological Footprints of Nations: A Quantitative Cross-National Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
National Study ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
International Power ◽  
Per Capita Consumption ◽  
Cross National

Although unsustainable natural resource consumption has recently garnered significant attention in macrosociology, empirical studies neglect to analyze the environmental impacts of different forms of international power dynamics. This study dissects international power into its various economic, military, and export dependence characteristics, and analyzes their independent effects on per-capita consumption of natural resources, measured as ecological footprints. Findings of the quantitative cross-national analyses indicate that economic power in the form of capital intensity, military technological power, and overall export dependence are the structural driving forces of per-capita resource consumption. The effects of military technological power and export dependence on percapita footprints are primarily direct, whereas the effect of capital intensity is both direct and indirect, partly mediated by its effects on levels of secondary education and domestic income inequality, both of which impact levels of per-capita consumption. The results advance our collective understanding of the complexities of international power, domestic conditions, and uneven environmental outcomes and illustrate the necessity for taking a more nuanced approach to analyses of anthropogenic degradation of the global ecological system.

HOUSEHOLD ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS — DEMOGRAPHICS AND SUSTAINABILITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
SALLY CAIRD ◽  
ROBIN ROY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Households With Children

How do demographic factors influence the environmental impacts of households? A major two year study used the ecological footprint technique to measure the environmental impacts of over 1000 UK households. Energy and transport were the biggest contributors to the 'footprint' of households. Rural, and adult households and households with few members had significantly larger per capita ecological footprints than urban/suburban households, households with children and households with several members. Although 11% of these UK households could be regarded as environmentally sustainable, the majority would require a reduction of 60% in ecological footprint to achieve a globally sustainable footprint per person. Consideration is given to the policy implications of demographic influences on household ecological footprints, including personal carbon allowances and house planning and design.

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