scholarly journals Microstructural abnormalities of the brain white matter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhou Chen ◽  
Xiaoqi Huang ◽  
Du Lei ◽  
Ning He ◽  
Xinyu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals COMT genotype affects brain white matter pathways in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Young-Hui Yang ◽  
Min-Hyeon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Comt Genotype ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain White Matter

scholarly journals Topological Data Analysis reveals robust alterations in the whole-brain and frontal lobe functional connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño ◽  
Isaac Arelio ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Topological Data Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Connectivity Threshold ◽  
Topological Data

AbstractThe functional organization of the brain network (connectome) has been widely studied as a graph; however, methodological issues may affect the results, such as the brain parcellation scheme or the selection of a proper threshold value. Instead of exploring the brain in terms of a static connectivity threshold, this work explores its algebraic topology as a function of the filtration value (i.e., the connectivity threshold), a process termed the Rips filtration in Topological Data Analysis. Specifically, we characterized the transition from all nodes being isolated to being connected into a single component as a function of the filtration value, in a public dataset of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children. Results were highly congruent when using four different brain segmentations (atlases), and exhibited significant differences for the brain topology of children with ADHD, both at the whole brain network and at the functional sub-network levels, particularly involving the frontal lobe and the default mode network. Therefore, this approach may contribute to identify the neurophysio-pathology of ADHD, reducing the bias of connectomics-related methods.HighlightsTopological Data Analysis was implemented in functional connectomes.Betti curves were assessed based on the area under the curve, slope and kurtosis.The explored variables were robust along four different brain atlases.ADHD showed lower areas, suggesting decreased functional segregation.Frontal and default mode networks showed the greatest differences between groups.Graphical Abstract

Abnormal asymmetry in frontostriatal white matter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Silk ◽  
Veronika Vilgis ◽  
Chris Adamson ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Lisa Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Current Treatments of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. s1-s8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Pliszka ◽  
William W. Dodson ◽  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a genetic disorder that affects both children and adults. Genetic studies have shown the heritability of ADHD to be higher than other psychiatric disorders. In addition, imaging studies have revealed various structural anomalies in the brain.Often ADHD persists into adulthood. The presentation of ADHD into adulthood most often results from childhood onset of ADHD. Symptoms of inattention and functional behavior tend to persist. These symptoms may often be less obvious, with less overt hyperactivity and impulsiveness.Stimulant medications remain the predominant choice for the treatment of ADHD. They are safe and offer good response. Common adverse reactions can usually be removed by changing the dose and the timing of medication administration. Of the second-line agents for treating ADHD, the tricyclic antidepressants have generated the most studies and have proved fairly efficacious.

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