scholarly journals COMT genotype affects brain white matter pathways in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Young-Hui Yang ◽  
Min-Hyeon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Comt Genotype ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain White Matter

Abnormal asymmetry in frontostriatal white matter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Silk ◽  
Veronika Vilgis ◽  
Chris Adamson ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Lisa Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mark Mahone ◽  
Marin E. Ranta ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Jessica O'Brien ◽  
Walter E. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
Girls With Adhd

AbstractThe current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)

scholarly journals White matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic tractography study in 654 individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christienne G. Damatac ◽  
Roselyne J. M. Chauvin ◽  
Marcel P. Zwiers ◽  
Daan van Rooij ◽  
Sophie E. A. Akkermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Probabilistic Tractography ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Symptom Measures

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI). ADHD has been related to differences in white matter (WM) microstructure. However, much remains unclear regarding the nature of these WM differences, and which clinical aspects of ADHD they reflect. We systematically investigated if FA is associated with current and/or lifetime categorical diagnosis, impairment in daily life, and continuous ADHD symptom measures.MethodsDiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were obtained from 654 participants (322 unaffected, 258 affected, 74 subthreshold; 7-29 years of age). We applied automated global probabilistic tractography on 18 major WM pathways. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to examine associations of clinical measures with overall brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA).ResultsThere were significant interactions of tract with all ADHD variables on FA. There were no significant associations of FA with current or lifetime diagnosis, nor with impairment. Lower FA in the right cingulum’s angular bundle (rCAB) was associated with higher hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom severity (PFWE=0.045). There were no significant effects for other tracts.ConclusionsThis is the first time global probabilistic tractography has been applied to an ADHD dataset of this size. We found no evidence for altered FA in association with ADHD diagnosis. Our findings indicate that associations of FA with ADHD are not uniformly distributed across WM tracts. Continuous symptom measures of ADHD may be more sensitive to FA than diagnostic categories. The rCAB in particular may play a role in symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

scholarly journals White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Ohta ◽  
Yuta Aoki ◽  
Takashi Itahashi ◽  
Chieko Kanai ◽  
Junya Fujino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high rates of co-occurrence and share atypical behavioral characteristics, including sensory problems. The present diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was conducted to examine whether and how white matter abnormalities are observed in adult populations with developmental disabilities (DD) and to determine how brain-sensory relationships are either shared between or distinct to ASD and ADHD.MethodsWe collected DTI data from adult developmental disorder (DD) populations (a primary diagnosis of ASD: n=105, ADHD: n=55) as well as age and sex matched typically developed (TD) participants (n=58). Voxel-wise fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (RD) were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics. The severities of sensory problems were assessed using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP).ResultsCategorical analyses identified voxel clusters showing significant effects of DD on FA and RD in the posterior portion of the corpus callosum and its extension in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, regression analyses using the AASP scores revealed that slopes in relationships of FA or RD with the degree of sensory problems were parallel between the two DDs in large parts of the affected corpus callosum regions, although a small but significant cluster did exist showing interaction between the diagnosis of DD and an AASP subscale score on RD.ConclusionsThese results indicate that white matter abnormalities and their relationships to sensory problems are largely shared between ASD and ADHD, with localized abnormalities showing significant between-diagnosis differences within DD. (247 words)

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