scholarly journals Adaptation of fuel selection to acute decrease in voluntary energy expenditure is governed by dietary macronutrient composition in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil S. Bhandarkar ◽  
Rotem Lahav ◽  
Nitzan Maixner ◽  
Yulia Haim ◽  
G. William Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Fuel Selection

Behavioral, plasma, and calorimetric changes related to food texture modification in men

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. R1501-R1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Labouré ◽  
Virginie Van Wymelbeke ◽  
Marc Fantino ◽  
Stylianos Nicolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Texture Modification ◽  
Metabolic Management ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Mixture

We hypothesized that food texture modifications might alter anticipatory reflexes, feeding behavior, and the postabsorptive consequences of ingestion. Two sets of complete meals with different textures but the same macronutrient composition were prepared. The first set was either a soup containing chunks of food (mixture) or the same soup blended until smooth (purée). The second set was either a rusk (R), a sandwich loaf (SL), or a liquid rusk meal (LR). We measured hunger and fullness feelings after ingestion of each food in a calibrated lunch, the ingestion rate, the duration between lunch and a spontaneous dinner request, the energy value, and the macronutrient composition of the ad libitum dinner. We also studied plasma modifications and respiratory gas exchanges from lunch to dinner. Feelings of hunger and fullness were not affected by texture modifications. The purée soup was consumed faster than the mixture ( P < 0.05), and insulin, triacylglycerol, and energy expenditure were greater with the purée ( P < 0.05). LR was less palatable than the other rusk lunch versions ( P < 0.001), and R was ingested more slowly ( P < 0.05). The lowest increase in plasma glucose occurred with SL, and the highest energy expenditure was seen with LR ( P < 0.05). In humans, food texture modification affects not only eating patterns and palatability of ingestants but also metabolic management.

scholarly journals Macronutrients as sources of food energy

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Fuel Selection ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThis background paper considers the extent to which the development of new recommendations for dietary energy requirements needs to account for the macronutrient (fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol) profiles of different diets. The issues are discussed from the dual perspectives of avoiding under-nutrition and obesity. It is shown that, in practice, human metabolic processes can adapt to a wide range of fuel supply by altering fuel selection. It is concluded that, at the metabolic level, only diets with the most extreme macronutrient composition would have any consequences by exceeding the natural ability to modify fuel selection. However, diets of different macronutrient composition and energy density can have profound implications for innate appetite regulation and hence overall energy consumption.

scholarly journals Predicting metabolic adaptation, body weight change, and energy intake in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. E449-E466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Fuel Selection

Complex interactions between carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism underlie the body's remarkable ability to adapt to a variety of diets. But any imbalances between the intake and utilization rates of these macronutrients will result in changes in body weight and composition. Here, I present the first computational model that simulates how diet perturbations result in adaptations of fuel selection and energy expenditure that predict body weight and composition changes in both obese and nonobese men and women. No model parameters were adjusted to fit these data other than the initial conditions for each subject group (e.g., initial body weight and body fat mass). The model provides the first realistic simulations of how diet perturbations result in adaptations of whole body energy expenditure, fuel selection, and various metabolic fluxes that ultimately give rise to body weight change. The validated model was used to estimate free-living energy intake during a long-term weight loss intervention, a variable that has never previously been measured accurately.

scholarly journals A randomized cross-over study of the effects of macronutrient composition and meal frequency on GLP-1, ghrelin and energy expenditure in humans

Peptides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ingves ◽  
Nathalie Vilhelmsson ◽  
Edvin Ström ◽  
Mats Fredrikson ◽  
Hans Guldbrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Macronutrient Composition

scholarly journals Hydration biomarkers and copeptin: relationship with ad libitum energy intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic fuel selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Chang ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Paolo Piaggi ◽  
Susanne B. Votruba ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Metabolic Fuel ◽  
Fuel Selection ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Does skeletal muscle carnitine availability influence fuel selection during exercise?

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis B. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fuel Selection

Fat and carbohydrate are the major fuel sources utilised for oxidative, mitochondrial ATP resynthesis during human skeletal muscle contraction. The relative contribution of these two substrates to ATP resynthesis and total energy expenditure during exercise can vary substantially, and is predominantly determined by fuel availability and exercise intensity and duration. For example, the increased ATP demand that occurs with an increase in exercise intensity is met by increases in both fat and carbohydrate oxidation up to an intensity of approximately 60–70 % of maximal oxygen consumption. When exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, skeletal muscle carbohydrate utilisation is accelerated, which results in a reduction and inhibition of the relative and absolute contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure. However, the precise mechanisms regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the decline in fat oxidation remain unclear. This brief review will primarily address the theory that a carbohydrate flux-mediated reduction in the availability of muscle carnitine to the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fat translocation, is a key mechanism for the decline in fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise. This is discussed in relation to recent work in this area investigating fuel metabolism at various exercise intensities and taking advantage of the discovery that skeletal muscle carnitine content can be nutritionally increased in vivo in human subjects.

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