scholarly journals Macronutrients as sources of food energy

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Fuel Selection ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThis background paper considers the extent to which the development of new recommendations for dietary energy requirements needs to account for the macronutrient (fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol) profiles of different diets. The issues are discussed from the dual perspectives of avoiding under-nutrition and obesity. It is shown that, in practice, human metabolic processes can adapt to a wide range of fuel supply by altering fuel selection. It is concluded that, at the metabolic level, only diets with the most extreme macronutrient composition would have any consequences by exceeding the natural ability to modify fuel selection. However, diets of different macronutrient composition and energy density can have profound implications for innate appetite regulation and hence overall energy consumption.

107 Effects of Dietary Energy Density and Intake on Energy Requirements in Beef Cows.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 53-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Trubenbach ◽  
T A Wickersham ◽  
V P Briani ◽  
J E Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

scholarly journals Food Security in Bangladesh: Present Status and Trend

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEA Begum ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
L D’Haese
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Energy

The study was is an attempt that offers better understanding the overall trend and pattern of food consumption and micro-nutrient intake using secondary data. The study revealed that total dietary energy consumption was 2230 kcal/capita/day which was higher than the total energy requirements of 2225 kcal/capita/day in 2003-2005. The shares of energy from protein (8.61%) and from fat (10.90%) were lower than 12% and 20% respectively, although upward trends for dietary fat and protein consumption were observed in between 1969-1971 and 2003-2005. The prevalence of child malnutrition declined in between 1992 and 2006. The results indicate that Bangladesh is not currently food secure in the sense of share of the total energy coming from protein and fat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19178 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 263 - 271, 2013

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy density and digestible protein:energy ratio onde novolipid synthesis from dietary protein in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) quantified with stable isotopes

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1771-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim S. Ekmann ◽  
Johanne Dalsgaard ◽  
Jørgen Holm ◽  
Patrick J. Campbell ◽  
Peter V. Skov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

The effects of varying dietary digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) content on performance, nutrient retention efficiency and thede novolipogenesis of DP origin were examined in triplicate groups of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), fed nine extruded experimental diets. In order to trace the metabolic fate of dietary protein, 1·8 % fishmeal was replaced with isotope-labelled whole protein (>98 %13C). The experiment was divided into a growth period lasting 89 d, growing fish from approximately 140 to 350 g, followed by a 3 d period feeding isotope-enriched diets. Isotope ratio MS was applied to quantify the13C enrichment of whole-body lipid from dietary DP. Between 18·6 and 22·4 % of the carbon derived from protein was recovered in the lipid fraction of the fish, and between 21·6 and 30·3 % of the total lipid deposited could be attributed to dietary protein. DP retention was significantly improved by reductions in dietary DP:DE ratio, while the opposite was true for apparent digestible lipid retention. Both overall DE retention and whole-body proximate composition of whole fish were largely unaffected by dietary treatments, while feed conversion ratios were significantly improved with increasing dietary energy density. The present study suggests that gilthead sea bream efficiently utilises dietary nutrients over a wide range of DP:DE ratios and energy densities. In addition, they appear to endeavour a certain body energy status rather than maximising growth, which in the present trial was apparent from inherently highde novolipogenesis originating from DP.

Improving Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sivaram ◽  
V. Porkodi ◽  
Amin Salih Mohammed ◽  
S. Anbu Karuppusamy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Artificial Bee Colony ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices

Background: With the advent of IoT, the deployment of batteries with a limited lifetime in remote areas is a major concern. In certain conditions, the network lifetime gets restricted due to limited battery constraints. Subsequently, the collaborative approaches for key facilities help to reduce the constraint demands of the current security protocols. Aim: This work covers and combines a wide range of concepts linked by IoT based on security and energy efficiency. Specifically, this study examines the WSN energy efficiency problem in IoT and security for the management of threats in IoT through collaborative approaches and finally outlines the future. The concept of energy-efficient key protocols which clearly cover heterogeneous IoT communications among peers with different resources has been developed. Because of the low capacity of sensor nodes, energy efficiency in WSNs has been an important concern. Methods: Hence, in this paper, we present an algorithm for Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) which reviews security and energy consumption to discuss their constraints in the IoT scenarios. Results: The results of a detailed experimental assessment are analyzed in terms of communication cost, energy consumption and security, which prove the relevance of a proposed ABC approach and a key establishment. Conclusion: The validation of DTLS-ABC consists of designing an inter-node cooperation trust model for the creation of a trusted community of elements that are mutually supportive. Initial attempts to design the key methods for management are appropriate individual IoT devices. This gives the system designers, an option that considers the question of scalability.

scholarly journals Conventional and Conservation Seedbed Preparation Systems for Wheat Planting in Silty-Clay Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Roberto Fanigliulo ◽  
Daniele Pochi ◽  
Pieranna Servadio
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Conventional seedbed preparation is based on deep ploughing followed by lighter and finer secondary tillage of the superficial layer, normally performed by machines powered by the tractor’s Power Take-Off (PTO), which prepares the seedbed in a single pass. Conservation methods are based on a wide range of interventions, such as minimum or no-tillage, by means of machines with passive action working tools which require two or more passes The aim of this study was to assess both the power-energy requirements of conventional (power harrows and rotary tillers with different working width) and conservation implements (disks harrow and combined cultivator) and the soil tillage quality parameters, with reference to the capability of preparing an optimal seedbed for wheat planting. Field tests were carried out on flat, silty-clay soil, using instrumented tractors. The test results showed significant differences among the operative performances of the two typologies of machines powered by the tractor’s PTO: the fuel consumption, the power and the energy requirements of the rotary tillers are strongly higher than power harrows. However, the results also showed a decrease of these parameters proceeding from conventional to more conservation tillage implements. The better quality of seedbed was provided by the rotary tillers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Consumption on the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Silviu Nate ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Danylo Cherevatskyi ◽  
Ganna Kharlamova ◽  
Oleksandr Lyakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
The Impact

The paper analyzes the impact of energy consumption on the three pillars of sustainable development in 74 countries. The main methodological challenge in this research is the choice of a single integral indicator for assessing the social component of sustainable development. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY), ecological footprint, and GDP (Gross domestic product) are used to characterize the social, ecological, and economical pillars. The concept of physics, namely the concept of density (specific gravity), is used. It characterizes the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, i.e., reflects the saturation of a certain volume with this substance. Thus, to assess the relationship between energy consumption and the three foundations of sustainable development, it is proposed to determine the energy density of the indicators DALY, the ecological footprint, and GDP. The reaction to changes in energy consumption is described by the elasticity of energy density functions, calculated for each of the abovementioned indicators. The state of the social pillar is mostly dependent on energy consumption. As for the changes in the ecological pillar, a 1% reduction in energy consumption per capita gives only a 0.6% ecological footprint reduction, which indicates a low efficiency of reducing energy consumption policy and its danger for the social pillar. The innovative aspect of the research is to apply a cross-disciplinary approach and a calculative technique to identify the impact that each of the pillars of sustainable development imposes on energy policy design. The policy of renewable energy expansion is preferable for all sustainable development pillars.

scholarly journals Dietary energy density in the treatment of obesity: a year-long trial comparing 2 weight-loss diets

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1465-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A Ello-Martin ◽  
Liane S Roe ◽  
Jenny H Ledikwe ◽  
Amanda M Beach ◽  
Barbara J Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability of Building Retrofit through Vertical Greening Systems: A Life-Cycle Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Katia Perini ◽  
Fabio Magrassi ◽  
Andrea Giachetta ◽  
Luca Moreschi ◽  
Michela Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Phase ◽  
Vertical Greening

Urban greening provides a wide range of ecosystem services to address the main challenges of urban areas, e.g., carbon sequestration, evapotranspiration and shade, thermal insulation, and pollution control. This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of a vertical greening system (VGS) built in 2014 in Italy, for which extensive monitoring activities were implemented. The life-cycle assessment methodology was applied to quantify the water–energy–climate nexus of the VGS for 1 m2 of the building’s wall surface. Six different scenarios were modelled according to three different end-of-life scenarios and two different useful lifetime scenarios (10 and 25 years). The environmental impact of global-warming potential and generated energy consumption during the use phase in the VGS scenarios were reduced by 56% in relation to the baseline scenario (wall without VGS), and showed improved environmental performance throughout the complete life cycle. However, the water-scarcity index (WSI) of the VGS scenarios increased by 42%. This study confirms that the installation of VGSs offers a relevant environmental benefit in terms of greenhouse-gas emissions and energy consumption; however, increased water consumption in the use phase may limit the large-scale application of VGSs.

Probabilistic Model of the Reflectivity of Construction Materials of the Agroindustrial Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (44) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Tat’yana R. Gallyamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Wide Range

When developing modern lighting technologies for objects of the agro-industrial complex, the problem arises of assessing the contribution of reflected light to the normalized illumination. The reflective properties of the surfaces of materials are characterized by a reflection coefficient ρ, which reaches a value of 0.7. This allows us to consider the reflective surfaces as an additional light source and the possibility of reducing energy consumption costs. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a mathematical model that allows us to estimate the spectral reflection coefficient ρ(λ) of materials of construction technologies of the agro-industrial complex in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions. (Materials and methods) That the disadvantage of various models is the lack of an analytical method for calculating the reflection coefficient in a wide range of wavelengths. We used a probabilistic method to overcome this disadvantage. (Results and discussion) The developed mathematical model makes it possible to estimate the reflection coefficient of the rough surface of materials in a wide range of the spectrum. For concrete, the area of agreement between theory and experiment is in the wavelength range from 250 to 1000 nm. The saturation mode predicted by the theory (the independence of the reflection coefficient from the wavelength) at a reflection coefficient of 0.4 is consistent with the experimental values in the visible range of the spectrum for construction materials of the agro-industrial complex, in particular, gray textured concrete, gray facade paint, light wood, gray silicate brick, new plaster without whitewash. (Conclusions) In the case of normal light incidence, the developed mathematical model allows us to theoretically estimate the reflection coefficient of the rough surfaces of construction technologies of the agro-industrial complex. The proposed model can be used in the development and design of a system of technological lighting of large-area premises (for example, when keeping birds on the floor), as well as for developing recommendations for reducing the energy consumption of existing lighting systems.

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