scholarly journals Effect of short‐term endurance training on venous compliance in the calf and forearm differs between continuous and interval exercise in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oue ◽  
Michiko Saito ◽  
Yasuhiro Iimura
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Regulation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase activity following short-term endurance training

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E328-E335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chesley ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
L. L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Phosphorylase Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation (hormonal, substrate, and allosteric) of muscle glycogen phosphorylase (Phos) activity and glycogenolysis after short-term endurance training. Eight untrained males completed 6 days of cycle exercise (2 h/day) at 65% of maximal O2 uptake (Vo2max). Before and after training subjects cycled for 15 min at 80% of Vo2max, and muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained at 0 and 30 s, 7.5 and 15 min, and 0, 5, 10, and 15 min of exercise. Vo2max was unchanged with training but citrate synthase (CS) activity increased by 20%. Muscle glycogenolysis was reduced by 42% during the 15-min exercise challenge following training (198.8 +/- 36.9 vs. 115.4 +/- 25.1 mmol/kg dry muscle), and plasma epinephrine was blunted at 15 min of exercise. The Phos a mole fraction was unaffected by training. Muscle phosphocreatine utilization and free Pi and AMP accumulations were reduced with training at 7.5 and 15 min of exercise. It is concluded that posttransformational control of Phos, exerted by reductions in substrate (free Pi) and allosteric modulator (free AMP) contents, is responsible for a blunted muscle glycogenolysis after 6 days of endurance training. The increase in CS activity suggests that the reduction of muscle glycogenolysis was due in part to an enhanced mitochondrial potential.

Effects of training on lactate production and removal during progressive exercise in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1649-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. MacRae ◽  
S. C. Dennis ◽  
A. N. Bosch ◽  
T. D. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Peak Lactate ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Exercise In Humans

To determine whether the reduced blood lactate concentrations [La] during submaximal exercise in humans after endurance training result from a decreased rate of lactate appearance (Ra) or an increased rate of lactate metabolic clearance (MCR), interrelationships among blood [La], lactate Ra, and lactate MCR were investigated in eight untrained men during progressive exercise before and after a 9-wk endurance training program. Radioisotope dilution measurements of L-[U-14C]lactate revealed that the slower rise in blood [La] with increasing O2 uptake (VO2) after training was due to a reduced lactate Ra at the lower work rates [VO2 less than 2.27 l/min, less than 60% maximum VO2 (VO2max); P less than 0.01]. At power outputs closer to maximum, peak lactate Ra values before (215 +/- 28 mumol.min-1.kg-1) and after training (244 +/- 12 mumol.min-1.kg-1) became similar. In contrast, submaximal (less than 75% VO2max) and peak lactate MCR values were higher after than before training (40 +/- 3 vs. 31 +/- 4 ml.min-1.kg-1, P less than 0.05). Thus the lower blood [La] values during exercise after training in this study were caused by a diminished lactate Ra at low absolute and relative work rates and an elevated MCR at higher absolute and all relative work rates during exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term hindlimb immobilization on skeletal muscle atrophy and the transcriptome in a low compared with high responder to endurance training model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261723
Author(s):  
Jamie-Lee M. Thompson ◽  
Daniel W. D. West ◽  
Thomas M. Doering ◽  
Boris P. Budiono ◽  
Sarah J. Lessard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cast Immobilization ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
Differential Gene

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a physiological response to disuse, aging, and disease. We compared changes in muscle mass and the transcriptome profile after short-term immobilization in a divergent model of high and low responders to endurance training to identify biological processes associated with the early atrophy response. Female rats selectively bred for high response to endurance training (HRT) and low response to endurance training (LRT; n = 6/group; generation 19) underwent 3 day hindlimb cast immobilization to compare atrophy of plantaris and soleus muscles with line-matched controls (n = 6/group). RNA sequencing was utilized to identify Gene Ontology Biological Processes with differential gene set enrichment. Aerobic training performed prior to the intervention showed HRT improved running distance (+60.6 ± 29.6%), while LRT were unchanged (-0.3 ± 13.3%). Soleus atrophy was greater in LRT vs. HRT (-9.0 ±8.8 vs. 6.2 ±8.2%; P<0.05) and there was a similar trend in plantaris (-16.4 ±5.6% vs. -8.5 ±7.4%; P = 0.064). A total of 140 and 118 biological processes were differentially enriched in plantaris and soleus muscles, respectively. Soleus muscle exhibited divergent LRT and HRT responses in processes including autophagy and immune response. In plantaris, processes associated with protein ubiquitination, as well as the atrogenes (Trim63 and Fbxo32), were more positively enriched in LRT. Overall, LRT demonstrate exacerbated atrophy compared to HRT, associated with differential gene enrichments of biological processes. This indicates that genetic factors that result in divergent adaptations to endurance exercise, may also regulate biological processes associated with short-term muscle unloading.

scholarly journals Short-term sprint intervalversustraditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 575 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Gibala ◽  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
Martin Van Essen ◽  
Geoffrey P. Wilkin ◽  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Short Term

Short-term interval exercise suppresses acylated ghrelin and hunger during caloric restriction in women with obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 112978
Author(s):  
Steven K. Malin ◽  
Emily M. Heiston ◽  
Nicole M. Gilbertson ◽  
Natalie Z.M. Eichner
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interval Exercise

Effects of Short-term Vigorous Endurance Training on Central Arterial Stiffness in Endurance Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Ai Hirasawa ◽  
Tomoko Imai ◽  
Toshiyuki Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Regulation of miRNAs in human skeletal muscle following acute endurance exercise and short-term endurance training

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 (18) ◽  
pp. 4637-4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron P. Russell ◽  
Severine Lamon ◽  
Hanneke Boon ◽  
Shogo Wada ◽  
Isabelle Güller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Short Term
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