scholarly journals A high-protein diet or combination exercise training to improve metabolic health in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e13813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Keith F. L. Polston ◽  
Mualla Eraslan ◽  
C. Scott Bickel ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Paralytic and nonparalytic muscle adaptations to exercise training versus high-protein diet in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Yarar-Fisher ◽  
Keith F. L. Polston ◽  
Mualla Eraslan ◽  
Kathryn Y. Henley ◽  
Gizem I. Kinikli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Cord Injury

This study compares the effects of an 8-wk isocaloric high-protein (HP) diet versus a combination exercise (Comb-Ex) regimen on paralytic vastus lateralis (VL) and nonparalytic deltoid muscle in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI). Fiber-type distribution, cross-sectional area (CSA), levels of translation initiation signaling proteins (Erk-1/2, Akt, p70S6K1, 4EBP1, RPS6, and FAK), and lean thigh mass were analyzed at baseline and after the 8-wk interventions. A total of 11 participants (C5-T12 levels, 21.8 ± 6.3 yr postinjury; 6 Comb-Ex and 5 HP diet) completed the study. Comb-Ex training occurred 3 days/wk and consisted of upper body resistance training (RT) in addition to neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-induced-RT for paralytic VL muscle. Strength training was combined with high-intensity arm-cranking exercises (1-min intervals at 85–90%, V̇o2peak) for improving cardiovascular endurance. For the HP diet intervention, protein and fat each comprised 30%, and carbohydrate comprised 40% of total energy. Clinical tests and muscle biopsies were performed 24 h before and after the last exercise or diet session. The Comb-Ex intervention increased Type IIa myofiber distribution and CSA in VL muscle and Type I and IIa myofiber CSA in deltoid muscle. In addition, Comb-Ex increased lean thigh mass, V̇o2peak, and upper body strength ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that exercise training is required to promote favorable changes in paralytic and nonparalytic muscles in individuals with long-standing SCI, and adequate dietary protein consumption alone may not be sufficient to ameliorate debilitating effects of paralysis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to directly compare the effects of an isocaloric high-protein diet and combination exercise training on clinical and molecular changes in paralytic and nonparalytic muscles of individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury. Our results demonstrated that muscle growth and fiber-type alterations can best be achieved when the paralyzed muscle is sufficiently loaded via neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced resistance training.

scholarly journals Exercise training modulates glutamic acid decarboxylase-65/67 expression through TrkB signaling to ameliorate neuropathic pain in rats with spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174480692092451
Author(s):  
Xiangzhe Li ◽  
Qinghua Wang ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Chuanming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Tropomyosin Related Kinase B ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65

Neuropathic pain is one of the most frequently stated complications after spinal cord injury. In post-spinal cord injury, the decrease of gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis within the distal spinal cord is one of the main causes of neuropathic pain. The predominant research question of this study was whether exercise training may promote the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67, which are key enzymes of gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis, within the distal spinal cord through tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling, as its synthesis assists to relieve neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Animal experiment was conducted, and all rats were allocated into five groups: Sham group, SCI/PBS group, SCI-TT/PBS group, SCI/tropomyosin-related kinase B-IgG group, and SCI-TT/tropomyosin-related kinase B-IgG group, and then T10 contusion SCI model was performed as well as the tropomyosin-related kinase B-IgG was used to block the tropomyosin-related kinase B activation. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were used for assessing pain-related behaviors. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin-related kinase B, CREB, p-REB, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 within the distal spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the distribution of CREB, p-CREB, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 within the distal spinal cord dorsal horn. The results showed that exercise training could significantly mitigate the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in post-spinal cord injury and increase the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin-related kinase B, CREB, p-CREB, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 within the distal spinal cord. After the tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling was blocked, the analgesic effect of exercise training was inhibited, and in the SCI-TT/tropomyosin-related kinase B-IgG group, the synthesis of CREB, p-CREB, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 within the distal spinal cord were also significantly reduced compared with the SCI-TT/PBS group. This study shows that exercise training may increase the glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 expression within the spinal cord dorsal horn through the tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling, and this mechanism may play a vital role in relieving the neuropathic pain of rats caused by incomplete SCI.

Renal Safety of the Bowel Preparations in Subjects with Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Randomized Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. AB287-AB288
Author(s):  
Ashwani K. Singal ◽  
Alan S. Rosman ◽  
Spencer Shaw ◽  
Kristel K. Hunt ◽  
Marinella Galea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Prospective Randomized Study ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Bowel Preparations ◽  
Renal Safety

scholarly journals Exercise training alone or in combination with high-protein diet in patients with late onset Pompe disease: results of a cross over study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Sechi ◽  
Lucrezia Zuccarelli ◽  
Bruno Grassi ◽  
Rita Frangiamore ◽  
Ramona De Amicis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet

scholarly journals Effects of exercise training on urinary tract function after spinal cord injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. F1258-F1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hubscher ◽  
Lynnette R. Montgomery ◽  
Jason D. Fell ◽  
James E. Armstrong ◽  
Pradeepa Poudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes dramatic changes in the quality of life, including coping with bladder dysfunction which requires repeated daily and nightly catheterizations. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated in a rat SCI model that repetitive sensory information generated through task-specific stepping and/or loading can improve nonlocomotor functions, including bladder function (Ward PJ, Herrity AN, Smith RR, Willhite A, Harrison BJ, Petruska JC, Harkema SJ, Hubscher CH. J Neurotrauma 31: 819–833, 2014). To target potential underlying mechanisms, the current study included a forelimb-only exercise group to ascertain whether improvements may be attributed to general activity effects that impact target organ-neural interactions or to plasticity of the lumbosacral circuitry that receives convergent somatovisceral inputs. Male Wistar rats received a T9 contusion injury and were randomly assigned to three groups 2 wk postinjury: quadrupedal locomotion, forelimb exercise, or a nontrained group. Throughout the study (including preinjury), all animals were placed in metabolic cages once a week for 24 h to monitor water intake and urine output. Following the 10-wk period of daily 1-h treadmill training, awake cystometry data were collected and bladder and kidney tissue harvested for analysis. Metabolic cage frequency-volume measurements of voiding and cystometry reveal an impact of exercise training on multiple SCI-induced impairments related to various aspects of urinary tract function. Improvements in both the quadrupedal and forelimb-trained groups implicate underlying mechanisms beyond repetitive sensory information from the hindlimbs driving spinal network excitability of the lumbosacral urogenital neural circuitry. Furthermore, the impact of exercise training on the upper urinary tract (kidney) underscores the health benefit of activity-based training on the entire urinary system within the SCI population.

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