scholarly journals Benefits of a grape-rich diet on human health: a nutrigenomics study underlining the potential role of non-coding RNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (A) ◽  
pp. e989
Author(s):  
Rosa Anna Milella ◽  
Marica Gasparro ◽  
Fiammetta Alagna ◽  
Maria Francesca Cardone ◽  
Silvia Rotunno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Molecules Involved in Differentiation, Maturation, and Survival of Dopaminergic Neurons in Health and Parkinson’s Disease: Physiological Aspects and Clinical Implications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Giulia Gaggi ◽  
Andrea Di Credico ◽  
Pascal Izzicupo ◽  
Giovanni Iannetti ◽  
Angela Di Baldassarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Set Up

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a specific and progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and dopamine, causing motor dysfunctions and impaired movements. Unfortunately, available therapies can partially treat the motor symptoms, but they have no effect on non-motor features. In addition, the therapeutic effect reduces gradually, and the prolonged use of drugs leads to a significative increase in the number of adverse events. For these reasons, an alternative approach that allows the replacement or the improved survival of DA neurons is very appealing for the treatment of PD patients and recently the first human clinical trials for DA neurons replacement have been set up. Here, we review the role of chemical and biological molecules that are involved in the development, survival and differentiation of DA neurons. In particular, we review the chemical small molecules used to differentiate different type of stem cells into DA neurons with high efficiency; the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs both in DA neurons development/survival as far as in the pathogenesis of PD; and, finally, we dissect the potential role of exosomes carrying biological molecules as treatment of PD.

scholarly journals Exosomic microRNAs as emerging key regulators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Murtadha ◽  
Muller Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs with key gene regulatory functions. Recent evidence has shown that miRs have a central role in shaping the biology of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). The discovery that some exosomes contain high levels of miR cargo that shuttle between cells and mediate intercellular cross-talk has shifted the focus of miR research towards understanding the biological role of exosomic miRs. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of exosomic miRs in molding the tumor microenvironment towards pro-tumor conditions by altering intercellular communication. We briefly discuss some mechanisms of selective loading of miRs into exosomes, as well as emerging evidence that exosomic miRs are present in all biological fluids. Furthermore, we describe the differences in the exosomic miR signatures between cancer patients and healthy controls, and the potential role of exosomic miRs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.

scholarly journals Pesticide application has little influence on coding and non-coding gene expressions in rice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Muhammad ◽  
Jingai Tan ◽  
Pingchuan Deng ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Haohua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Background Agricultural insects are one of the major threats to crop yield. It is a known fact that pesticide application is an extensive approach to eliminate insect pests, and has severe adverse effects on environment and ecosystem; however, there is lack of knowledge whether it could influence the physiology and metabolic processes in plants. Results Here, we systemically analyzed the transcriptomic changes in rice after a spray of two commercial pesticides, Abamectin (ABM) and Thiamethoxam (TXM). We found only a limited number of genes (0.91%) and (1.24%) were altered by ABM and TXM respectively, indicating that these pesticides cannot dramatically affect the performance of rice. Nevertheless, we characterized 1140 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) interacting with 105 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can be impacted by the two pesticides, suggesting their certain involvement in response to farm chemicals. Moreover, we detected 274 alternative splicing (AS) alterations accompanied by host genes expressions, elucidating a potential role of AS in control of gene transcription during insecticide spraying. Finally, we identified 488 transposons that were significantly changed with pesticides treatment, leading to a variation in adjacent coding or non-coding transcripts. Conclusion Altogether, our results provide valuable insights into pest management through appropriate timing and balanced mixture, these pesticides have no harmful effects on crop physiology over sustainable application of field drugs.

scholarly journals Influence of microbiota on immunity and immunotherapy for gastric and esophageal cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Zui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Esophageal Cancers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Gastric and esophageal cancers are multifactorial and multistage-involved malignancy. While the impact of gut microbiota on overall human health and diseases has been well documented, the influence of gastric and esophageal microbiota on gastric and esophageal cancers remains unclear. This review will discuss the reported alteration in the composition of gastric and esophageal microbiota in normal and disease conditions, and the potential role of dysbiosis in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. This review will also discuss how dysbiosis stimulates local and systemic immunity, which may impact on the immunotherapy for cancer.

scholarly journals Modelling plant health for policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Jones ◽  
Adam Kleczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Systems Modelling

Plant health is relatively poorly funded compared with animal and human health issues. However, we contend it is at least as complex and likely more so given the number of pests and hosts and that outbreaks occur in poorly monitored open systems. Modelling is often suggested as a method to better consider the threats to plant health to aid resource and time poor decision makers in their prioritisation of responses. However, like other areas of science, the modelling community has not always provided accessible and relevant solutions. We describe some potential solutions to developing plant health models in conjunction with decision makers based upon a recent example and illustrate how an increased emphasis on plant health is slowly expanding the potential role of modelling in decision making. We place the research in the Credibility, Relevance and Legitimacy (CRELE) framework and discuss the implications for future developments in co-construction of policy-linked models.

scholarly journals Food and feed, mycotoxins and the perpetual pentagram in a changing animal production environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
World Food ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

G. L. McClymont developed a unique paradigm in which to consider the challenges that confront agriculture and it is based on an understanding of the interrelationships of plants, animals, soils and water within an economic and social framework. The major changes in our environment are the consequence of rapid population growth and the need to increase world food supplies. Within this context, this paper provides an overview of the link between agriculture, especially animal production and population health and how mycotoxins, fungal secondary metabolites, can perturb this link. Examples from New Zealand and Australian animal agriculture are described. The underlying premise of this paper is that agriculture is a major determinant of human health through the supply of food derived from both plant and animal sources. In other words, nutrition is the conduit between agriculture and human health. Against this backdrop the potential role of mycotoxins in determining food and feed supplies is discussed. Globally, mycotoxins have significant human and animal health, economic and international trade implications.

The potential role of public aquaria in human health and wellbeing.

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
D. L. Cracknell ◽  
S. Pahl ◽  
M. P. White ◽  
M. H. Depledge
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Causation of Kwashiorkor: Toward a Multifactorial Consensus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
DERRICK B. JELLIFFE ◽  
E. F. PATRICE JELLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Pioneer Research

The pioneer research and writings by Hendrickse on the human health hazards of aflatoxins, including their potential role in the etiology of kwashiorkor, are of great importance.1,2 They draw attention to at least some of the wealth of mycotoxicological information sometimes inadequately recognized by pediatricians and other health professionals. However, while acknowledging the significance of this underemphasized linkage and the need for much further communication between workers in the various highly complex fields involved, a different interpretation of the potential role of aflatoxins in the etiology of kwashiorkor needs consideration, based on present evidence. The converse is also true, as the focus of mycotoxicologists regarding human pathology seems mainly concerned with cancer of the liver.

scholarly journals RMRP, RMST, FTX and IPW: novel potential long non-coding RNAs in medullary thyroid cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Luzón-Toro ◽  
Leticia Villalba-Benito ◽  
Raquel María Fernández ◽  
Ana Torroglosa ◽  
Guillermo Antiñolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractThe relevant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer is currently a matter of increasing interest. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor (2–5% of all thyroid cancer) derived from the parafollicular C-cells which secrete calcitonin. About 75% of all medullary thyroid cancers are believed to be sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (sMTC), whereas the remaining 25% correspond to inherited cancer syndromes known as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). MEN2 syndrome, with autosomal dominant inheritance is caused by germline gain of function mutations in RET proto-oncogene. To date no lncRNA has been associated to MEN2 syndrome and only two articles have been published relating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to MTC: the first one linked MALAT1 with sMTC and, in the other, our group determined some new lncRNAs in a small group of sMTC cases in fresh tissue (RMST, FTX, IPW, PRNCR1, ADAMTS9-AS2 and RMRP). The aim of the current study is to validate such novel lncRNAs previously described by our group by using a larger cohort of patients, in order to discern their potential role in the disease. Here we have tested three up-regulated (RMST, FTX, IPW) and one down-regulated (RMRP) lncRNAs in our samples (formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from twenty-one MEN2 and ten sMTC patients) by RT-qPCR analysis. The preliminary results reinforce the potential role of RMST, FTX, IPW and RMRP in the pathogenesis of MTC.

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