Impact of sanitary living environment on gut microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Living Environment

scholarly journals Human gut microbiota – its diversity and impact on our health

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wardak
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Modern Molecular Biology ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Human Digestive Tract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The human digestive tract is the living environment for billions of cells of various microorganisms that are part of the human microflora. The use of modern molecular biology techniques, such as NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), made it possible to study the microorganisms inhabiting the intestines and to understand their impact on human health. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), amino acids, lipids, bile acids and vitamins. Many factors such as diet, age, climate, and socioeconomic conditions influence the diversity of the microbiota. Rapid changes in the composition of the microbiota (disturbance of homeostasis) can lead to dysbiosis - a condition associated not only with intestinal disorders, but also with numerous extraintestinal diseases. The present work is a review of current reports on: research techniques used to analyze microbiota, the impact of various factors on its diversity and the impact of microbiota on our health.

scholarly journals Do Rural Second Homes Shape Commensal Microbiota of Urban Dwellers? A Pilot Study among Urban Elderly in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3742
Author(s):  
Mika Saarenpää ◽  
Marja Roslund ◽  
Riikka Puhakka ◽  
Mira Grönroos ◽  
Anirudra Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Second Homes ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Second Home ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Home Users

According to the hygiene and biodiversity hypotheses, increased hygiene levels and reduced contact with biodiversity can partially explain the high prevalence of immune-mediated diseases in developed countries. A disturbed commensal microbiota, especially in the gut, has been linked to multiple immune-mediated diseases. Previous studies imply that gut microbiota composition is associated with the everyday living environment and can be modified by increasing direct physical exposure to biodiverse materials. In this pilot study, the effects of rural-second-home tourism were investigated on the gut microbiota for the first time. Rural-second-home tourism, a popular form of outdoor recreation in Northern Europe, North America, and Russia, has the potential to alter the human microbiota by increasing exposure to nature and environmental microbes. The hypotheses were that the use of rural second homes is associated with differences in the gut microbiota and that the microbiota related to health benefits are more diverse or common among the rural-second-home users. Based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing of stool samples from 10 urban elderly having access and 15 lacking access to a rural second home, the first hypothesis was supported: the use of rural second homes was found to be associated with lower gut microbiota diversity and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway levels. The second hypothesis was not supported: health-related microbiota were not more diverse or common among the second-home users. The current study encourages further research on the possible health outcomes or causes of the observed microbiological differences. Activities and diet during second-home visits, standard of equipment, surrounding environment, and length of the visits are all postulated to play a role in determining the effects of rural-second-home tourism on the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Composition Between Captive and Wild Roe Deer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyue Liu ◽  
Xue Liang ◽  
Yanhua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Illumina Hiseq Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Group

ABSTRACTIn this paper, 16S-rRNA gene Illumina HiSeq sequencing was used to analyze the structural diversity of captive and wild roe deer gut flora. The results show that the microbial diversity in the feces of wild roe deer is higher than in that of captive roe deer. Both roe deer have similar flora at the phylum level, but the main genus has significant differences. The microbial group that plays an important role in captive roe deer is Bacteroidetes; in wild roe deer it is Firmicutes. This difference is mainly due to the differences in living environment, diet, and physiological functions of the two groups. In conclusion, our study makes people have a better understanding of the intestinal flora of roe deer. By comparing the intestinal microbial structure differences between captive and wild roe deer, it provides theoretical basis for people to raise captive roe deer and provides reference for the protection of wild roe deer.IMPORTANCEMany studies have shown that large and complex microbes in the gut of humans and non-human animals, intestinal microbes are thought to co-evolve with the host, help the host acquire nutrients, regulate immunity and to help maintain host homeostasis. The roe deer (Capreolus spp.) is a ruminant. Wild roe deer are listed on the List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Protected by the State or Have Important Economic and Scientific Values, wild roe deer is also a Chinese national protected animal under second class protection. However, current research on the gut microbiota of roe deer has not been reported.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and metabolites of α-synuclein transgenic monkey models with early stage of Parkinson'sdisease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
wei si ◽  
yaping yan ◽  
shuchao ren ◽  
yanchao duan ◽  
chenyu lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease（PD）is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Gut microbes are susceptible to various external factors (such as living environment, diet, antibiotic use), our research avoids these interferences very well. Gut microbiota affect the physiological processes of the host by regulating metabolites. However, it is unclear whether microbiota and metabolites have demonstrated changes at early stages of PD due to the difficulty to diagnose and identify early stage PD in clinical practice.Methods: In a previous study, we constructed A53T transgenic monkeys with early Parkinson's symptoms. Here we analyzed the gut microbiota by metagenomic sequencing and metabolites by untargeted chromatography, which represent the first effort to identify the association between intestinal microbiota, metabolites and early stage of PD.Results: Compared with control monkeys, the gut microbiota of A53T monkeys is more diverse. Sybergistetes and Eggerthella lenta were significantly elevated in A53T monkeys. In monkeys with early Parkinson's symptoms, Glyceric acid, L-Aspartic acid and p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly elevated, but Myristic acid and 3-Methylindole was significantly decreased. ABC transporters are associated with two decreased metabolites. Metabolic pathways are associated with three elevated metabolites. We found KO0131 and KO2147 from metabolic pathways are related to Glycolysis.Conclusion: We identified differential gut microbiota coincides with the microbiota of the currently reported PD patients to some extent. We found these differential metabolites and KOs suggest that A53T monkeys may have Glycolysis problem, and Glycolysis problem may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results may be a sign of early Parkinson's screening and diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Dynamic Working Environment on Human Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ling ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Qianlong Meng ◽  
Ziran Zhang ◽  
Wenkun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Train Drivers ◽  
The Impact

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), metabolic diseases, allergic diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The human gut microbiota can be influenced by a variety of factors, including geography, dietary habits, living environment, age and altered lifestyle etc. This study was conducted to explore the gut microbiota compositions in officials who are in a stable working environment and train drivers who are in a dynamic working environment. Microbiota communities in the feces of 80 officials and 88 train drivers were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and ITS1 region of fungi. There were significant differences between the two groups in diversity and richness of gut microbiota, while the microbial community compositions of the two groups were similar. The relationship between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics was investigated. We found that more bacteria and fungi were positively correlated with clinical characteristics. Functional prediction analysis of the gut microbiota between the two groups by PICRUSt2 revealed significant differences between the official group and the train driver group. Elucidating these differences of the microbiome between the two groups will provide a foundation understanding of the impact of a dynamic environment on gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Alterations of Gut Microbiome in People of Ningxia China During Urbanization: An Epidemiological Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Du ◽  
Lu Ding ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Xian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Homogenous Population

The continuous development of urbanization has dramatically changed people’s living environment and lifestyle, accompanied by the increased prevalence of chronic diseases. However, there is little research on the effect of urbanization on gut microbiome in residents. Here we investigated the relation between living environment and gut microbiota in a homogenous population along an urban-rural gradient in Ningxia China. According to the degree of urbanization, the population is divided into four groups: mountainous rural (MR) represents non-urbanized areas, mountainous urban (MU) and plain rural (PR) represent preliminary urbanization, and plain urban (PU) is a representative of complete urbanization. Studies have found that with the deepening of urbanization, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gallstones, and renal cysts, have gradually increased. The intestinal richness and diversity of the microbial community were significantly reduced in the PR and the PU groups compared with the MR and the MU groups. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, the significantly enriched genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the MR group gradually decreased in the MU, the PR, and the PU groups. Effect size results revealed that both residence and diet had an effect on intestinal microbiota. Our results suggested that the disparate patterns of gut microbiota composition were revealed at different levels of urbanization, providing an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the contribution of the “rural microbiome” in potential protection against the occurrence of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Diversity in gut bacterial community of school-age children in Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nakayama ◽  
Koichi Watanabe ◽  
Jiahui Jiang ◽  
Kazunori Matsuda ◽  
Shiou-Huei Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
P Type

Abstract Asia differs substantially among and within its regions populated by diverse ethnic groups, which maintain their own respective cultures and dietary habits. To address the diversity in their gut microbiota, we characterized the bacterial community in fecal samples obtained from 303 school-age children living in urban or rural regions in five countries spanning temperate and tropical areas of Asia. The microbiota profiled for the 303 subjects were classified into two enterotype-like clusters, each driven by Prevotella (P-type) or Bifidobacterium/Bacteroides (BB-type), respectively. Majority in China, Japan and Taiwan harbored BB-type, whereas those from Indonesia and Khon Kaen in Thailand mainly harbored P-type. The P-type microbiota was characterized by a more conserved bacterial community sharing a greater number of type-specific phylotypes. Predictive metagenomics suggests higher and lower activity of carbohydrate digestion and bile acid biosynthesis, respectively, in P-type subjects, reflecting their high intake of diets rich in resistant starch. Random-forest analysis classified their fecal species community as mirroring location of resident country, suggesting eco-geographical factors shaping gut microbiota. In particular, children living in Japan harbored a less diversified microbiota with high abundance of Bifidobacterium and less number of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which may reflect their living environment and unique diet.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Bacterial Microbiota of Six Bird Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Qiangchuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Whooper Swan

The gut microbiota contributes to host health by maintaining homeostasis and improving digestive efficiency. Therefore, identifying gut microbes will shed light on the annual life cycle of animals and in particular those that are threatened or endangered. Nonetheless, the gut microbial composition of the majority of bird species is still unknown. Here, for the first time, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize and compare the community composition and diversity of gut microbiotas from six species of birds raised at the Wildlife Conservation Center in Baotou, China: relict gull (Larus relictus; n = 3), muscovy duck (Cairina moschata; n = 3), ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea; n = 3), demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo; n = 4), whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus; n = 3), and black swan (Cygnus atratus; n = 5). A total of 26,616 operational taxonomic units from 21 samples were classified into 32 phyla and 507 genera. Chao1, Shannon diversity, observed species, and Simpson index analysis revealed differences in the community richness and diversity between the different species. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum in whooper swan and relict gull, whereas Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum in the other species. At the genus level, 11 dominant genera were detected (Lactobacillus, Psychrobacter, Enterococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, Burkholderia, Escherichia/Shigella, Leuconostoc, Buttiauxella, Desemzia, and Staphylococcus). Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that, while the microbial community composition of different individuals of the same species clustered together, the gut microbial composition varied between the bird species. Furthermore, the most abundant bacterial species differed between bird species. Because many avian gut microbes are derived from the diet, the eating habits and natural living environment of birds may be important contributing factors to the observed differences. Short-term changes to the diet and living environment have little effect on the composition of the avian gut microbiota. This study provides a theoretical basis for bird protection, including disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Vegetarian diet duration’s influence on women’s gut environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqi Deng ◽  
Jiangtao Si ◽  
Yonglong Qu ◽  
Li Jie ◽  
Yuansong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Gene Correlation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background Nutrient composition of vegetarian diets is greatly different from that of omnivore diets, which may fundamentally influence the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. The interactions between diet pattern and gut environment need further illustration. This study aims to compare the difference in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites between vegetarian and omnivore female adults and explore associations between dietary choices/duration and gut environment changes. Methods In this study, investigations on the fecal metabolome together with the gut microbiome were performed to describe potential interactions with quantitative functional annotation. In order to eliminate the differences brought by factors of gender and living environment, 80 female adults aged 20 to 48 were recruited in the universities in Beijing, China. Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were applied to screen differential data between groups from gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Furthermore, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed as the bioinformatics analysis tool for describing the correlations between gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Moreover, participants were further subdivided by the vegetarian diet duration for analysis. Results GPCR-mediated integration of enteroendocrine signaling was predicted to be one of the regulatory mechanisms of the vegetarian diet. Intriguingly, changes in the gut environment which occurred along with the vegetarian diet showed attenuated trend as the duration increased. A similar trend of returning to “baseline” after a 10-year vegetarian diet was detected in both gut microbiota and fecal metabolome. Conclusions The vegetarian diet is beneficial more than harmful to women. Gut microbiota play roles in the ability of the human body to adapt to external changes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Ningxia China During Urbanization: An Epidemiological Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Du ◽  
Lu Ding ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Xian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Homogenous Population

Abstract Background: In the 21st century, the continuous development of urbanization has dramatically changed people's living environment and lifestyle. The urban environment and the lifestyles it formed are accompanied by the risks that would threaten the health of individuals, as shown by the increased prevalence of chronic diseases. However, there is little research on the effect of urbanization on gut microbiome in residents.Results: Here we investigated the relation between living environment and gut microbiota in a homogenous population along an urban-rural gradient in Ningxia China. According to the degree of urbanization, the population is divided into four groups: mountainous rural (MR) represents non-urbanized areas, mountainous urban (MU) and plain rural (PR) represent preliminary urbanization, and plain urban (PU) is a representative of complete urbanization. Studies have found that with the deepening of urbanization, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gallstones, and renal cysts, have gradually increased. The intestinal richness and diversity of the microbial community were significantly reduced in the PR and the PU groups compared with the MR and the MU groups. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria gradually increased, while the abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased in the MU and the PR groups compared with the MR group. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, the significantly enriched genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the MR group gradually decreased in the MU, the PR, and the PU groups. Effect size results revealed that both residence and diet had an effect on intestinal microbiota.Conclusions: Urbanization attenuates gut microbial diversity and richness and might play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Environmental exposure during urbanization, such as westernization of diet and pollution have been shown to affect gut microbiota. In this study, the disparate patterns of gut microbiota composition were revealed at different levels of urbanization, providing an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the contribution of the “rural microbiome” in potential protection against the occurrence of chronic diseases.

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