scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: WAR CHILDHOOD: SARAJEVO 1992-1995

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTYNA PILARSKA

As early as at the beginning of the last century, the Polish-Jewish educator, children›s author, and pedagogue Janusz Korczak called for the right of child to happy childhood. This revelatory vision was accompanied by Hellen Key, who proclaimed 20th century as the century of the child, publishing book of such title and calling for the rights of children to free growth. Unfortunately, the history of the modern world added to these humane ideas rather pessimistic post scriptum, involving children in the armed conflicts and totalitarian regimes, making them the victims of adult cruelty to an unimaginable extend. In such context, the “War Childhood” book provides a very important and exceptional pedagogical and sociological study, for it induces readers to ponder over the position and status of children in armed conflicts, with the biographical, psychological and social repercussion of the latter.

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Severinova ◽  

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation and development of doctrinal ideas about the meaning of the concept of «armed conflict» in the history of world political and legal thought. The question of the name of the branch of law that regulates armed conflict, by analyzing its historical names such as «law of war», «laws and customs of war», «law of armed conflict», «international humanitarian law» and «international humanitarian law, used in armed conflicts». As a result of this analysis, it can be concluded that it would be most appropriate to use the terms «international humanitarian law» only in a narrow sense or «international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts», which is more cumbersome but most accurately describes the field. It is emphasized that due to the availability of new powerful weapons (economic, political, informational, cultural and weapons of mass destruction), which are dangerous both for the aggressor and for the whole world; the aggressor's desire to downplay its role in resolving conflicts in order to avoid sanctions from other countries and international organizations, as well as to prevent the loss of its authority and position on the world stage; the attempts of the aggressor countries to establish their control over the objects of aggression (including integrating them into their political, economic and security systems) without excessive damage to them is the transformation of methods and means of warfare. It is determined that the long history of the formation of the law of armed conflict has led to the adoption at the level of international law of the provision prohibiting any armed aggression in the world, which is reflected in such a principle as non-use of force or threat of force. At the same time, the UN Charter became the first international act in the history of mankind, which completely prohibited armed aggression and enshrined this principle at the international level, which is binding on all states of the modern world.


Author(s):  
Adel Hamzah Othman

The relevance of the problem under study lies in the presence of armed conflicts in the international arena and the presence of a diverse abundance of ways to regulate them. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main provisions of international law applicable in international conflicts through the lens of the role of the Committee of the Red Cross in its development. This study covers and thoroughly analyses the history and the main purpose of the origin of the organisation. Furthermore, the study engages in an in-depth examination of the basic tasks and principles of the Committee's activities. As a result of the study, the existing theories of the participation and influence of the Committee in international legal relations will be clearly identified, as well as those theories that have emerged due to innovations in legal thinking and are capable of covering the specific features of the practice and effectiveness of this non-governmental organisation. In addition, the designation of the actual problems of the existence of this organisation, its relevance in the modern world, and the strength of the support of the world society. Among the successes of the scientific analysis of the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the development of international humanitarian law applicable in international conflicts is the reasoned hypotheses and confirmed statements of the importance of the Committee, which are described by the features of modernity, relevance, and compliance with the information and technological development of social relations of participants in healthy international relations, their supporters and opponents. This also includes the systematisation of scientific research, their analysis and reasonable refutation. A journey into the history of the emergence of international conflicts, their modification according to the development of social relations, as well as the processes of globalisation, will be the subject of comparative analysis aimed at identifying new methods and ways to avoid them


Author(s):  
Olha Novodvorchuk ◽  

The article deals with the consideration of lexical and stylistic features of poems for children of the modern writer O. Mamchych. The study contains a selective analysis of the poetry of the writer, which reveals the peculiarities of modeling the poetry of different genres (in the form of small folklore genres and contemporary lyrics), the use of a mix of traditional and contemporary images, allusions to the works of oral folk art and works of classical literature for children. The article covers the plot, thematic and ideological content of poetry. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the sound organization of poetic speech by O. Mamchych, the linguistic and stylistic instruments of the artist. The writer finds the right rhymes, builds the original soundtrack of the poem using the play of sounds. Most of the writer's works are full of alliteration, sensations, anaphors and epiphora. Such verbal music fascinates the reader. The lexical means of expressing the poetry language of O. Mamchych reflect the moods of the modern world, modern Ukraine and the child of the future. The writer uses colloquial vocabulary, novelties and historicisms in her composition. The poem «Kozak» perfectly illustrates O. Mamchych's ability to use historicism and colloquial vocabulary. The author basing on the traditions and history of the Ukrainian people builds a lively story about a little boy, a Cossack, who fights with foreigners. The linguistic features of the poetry of the writer reveal her artistic skill. Bright epithets, metaphors, comparisons convey all the beauty of the poetic word of Olesya Mamchych to the reader. The artistic word of the writer is to move the reader, to influence on his feelings, to encourage him to be kinder, to study the history and culture of the Ukrainian people, and to keep up with the times. The work of O. Mamchych is constantly in harmony with the past and the present. It relies on traditional artistic images to create new ones. The writer opens familiar images in a new way in many compositions. The master of the poetic word builds an invisible bridge of understanding between the reader and the author by the allusions to the works of oral folk art and works of classical literature for children. The article gives the confirmation that O. Mamchych's poetry is not only aesthetic, but also linguo-didactic, because it contributes to the linguistic formation (lexical, phonetic and grammatical) and speech competences (artistic speech, cognitive speech, emotional) of a child. The research gives an opportunity to understand the model of the O. Mamchych world, to find out the basic mechanisms of the 21st century poetry image formation for preschool children.


wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Nikita RAVOCHKIN

The history of ideas is a relatively new concept, which has not only the theoretical inherent in it but also in the spirit of modernity is able to reveal its own applied potential. The article shows the role of the history of ideas in the search for answers to the crises of the modern world, which makes it possible to establish some regularities in the functioning of intellectual constructs and their social embodiment. The author examines the basic provisions of the research concepts of the adherents of the history of ideas A. Lovejoy and I. Berlin. Using the conceptual foundations of their theories, the author applies them to a deeper understanding of the specifics of such megatrends as the COVID-19 pandemic, armed conflicts and information wars. It was revealed that the specificity of the global world transforms the content of events that traditionally affect one sphere and now spread to various spheres of the nonlinear and fragile world. In conclusion, the author sums up the research results and notes the methodological possibilities of the history of ideas for further study of the logic of social processes.


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