scholarly journals MORZE W MARZENIACH SENNYCH BOHATERA LIRYCZNEGO W WIERSZU LEOPOLDA STAFFA "WYSPA" - ROZWAŻANIA JEZYKOZNAWCY

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Mirosława Białoskórska
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
Poetic Imagery ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article presents linguistic phenomena from the initial stage of the poet’s work when the modernist writing model prevailed. Leopold Staff wrote a reflexive and descriptive triptych in which, by resorting to a juxtaposition to the Young Poland movement poetry, he created paradise landscapes of a deserted island surrounded by sea water, drowned in light and colour. In order to recreate the protagonist’s dreams he resorted to poetic imagery at various levels of text organization. The linguistic phenomena in the realm of syntactic forms refer to the functions of exclamations, hypotaxis and parataxis, the role of arrangements of conjugation rows, the rhythm of verses combined in a hendecasyllable with ABBA rhymes. The following figures of speech were used: antithesis, rhetoric questions, inversions, apostrophes etc. As for semantic transformations, an important role was played by sensual and mental metaphors, semantic poetism, personification and comparisons. The lexical phenomena were related to applying the style-related function of vocabulary that is chronologically diverse (artistic neologisms, neo-semantisms, old-fashioned words); geographically diverse (dialects) and word-formation diverse (derivatives of adpositional phrases in order to condense the text to hendecasyllable verses).

Slovotvirne hnizdo z vershynoyu Khrystos u movniy kartyni svitu ukrayintsiv

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Vasyl’ Greshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
The World ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
New Religion ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article discusses the example of a word-formative nest with the apex of Christ. It analyses the role of word-formation in the formation of the language picture of the world of Ukrainians. The word-formative nest fi xes the word-forming segment of the semantic space of the Christ concept of the sacred conceptual sphere. Despite the fact that the anthroponomies as vertices of word-formation nests do not exhibit derivational productivity in the Ukrainian language, the word-formation nest with the apex of Christ has a branched structure: in the three stages of derivation, 25 derivatives of diff erent parts of the language, created in diff erent ways, have been certifi ed. This is due to the semantics of the vertex word of the nest, the importance of the concept named by it, in the perception of Ukrainians, in their culture of belief. In the linguistic consciousness of Ukrainians, Christ – Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the God-man, the incarnate God, the Savior, the Teacher, the Creator of the new religion. Such a broad semantic spectrum determines the activation of the derivation possibilities of the base word and the verbalization of word-formative means by a number of conceptual components. An analysis of the word-formative nest with the apex of Christ has shown that the word-formative dimension in the language picture of the world of Ukrainians, along with the universal conceptual components inherent in many diverse Christians, also has a number of individual-language derivational means of categorizing the world.

scholarly journals Nominals with Zero Suffixation in Anna Akhmatova’s Early Poems

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
T.A. Korneyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
Derivatives Of

Zero suffixation in Anna Akhmatova’s poetic texts was studied. The textual analysis of A. Akhmatova’s early poems rich in nominals with various types of zero suffixation was performed. Comparison with her later poems was carried out. On the one hand, this approach shows A. Akhmatova’s desire to overcome the traditions of symbolism and her attempts to develop an original style. On the other hand, nominals with zero suffixation clearly prevailed in A. Akhmatova’s early poems as compared with the later works. Particular attention was paid to the role of nominals with zero suffixation in the poetic space organization of two poetry collections: “Evening” (‘Vecher’) and “Beads” (‘Chetki’). We considered lexical, word-building, syntagmatic, grammatical, stylistic, tropeic, and other features of derivatives of zero suffixes in these poetry collections. It was revealed that nominals with zero suffixation were mainly used as a means of concentration of meanings and embodiment of the special drama of the poet’s lyrical monologue. The results of the research are important for expanding the knowledge on the text-forming function of word formation and, in particular, nominals with zero suffixation.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Verbal-Derivational Field of the Political Media Concept of «Maidan» in the Russian Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Elena М. Khodasevich
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
New Words ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Representative ◽  
Derivatives Of

The proposed article demonstrates that the formation and development of a new political concept is accompanied by an increase in the number of units representing it, which also occurs due to active word-formation processes that lead to the emergence of a significant number of non-derivatives formed from the main representative of the concept. The hypothesis is verified by the example of the description of the verbal-derivational field of the “maidan” media concept.In the course of the research, the method of constructing a word-formation nest was used; to assess the frequency of use of new derivatives, the method of content analysis was used. The material for the study was texts related to media discourse for the period from 2004 to 2019. The article highlights two periods in the development of the concept of “Maidan” in the media discourse, associated with two major protests in Ukraine and their consequences, for each period new derivatives formed from the root of the Maidan are identified and described, the ways of forming new words are determined, their frequency is analyzed. which ultimately allows us to trace the evolution of the concept’s verbal-derivational field. It has been established that each of the periods under consideration is characterized by a significant increase in the number of derivatives of the “maidan” media concept, in particular, at the first stage, 17 new derivative words appeared, at the second stage, their number increases to 41 units, which is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of all non-derivatives. The bulk of the new words allows us to characterize 1) the typology of protests (avtomaydan, eromaydan, mikhomaidan, anti-maidan), 2) its participants (maidan, maidan, maidan, maidan, etc.) and 3) the process of protest and its phases (zamaydan, maidan, re-maidan , domaydanit, etc.). Thus, the results obtained confirm the thesis about the important role of derivational processes in the formation and development of concepts and indicate the increasing importance of the “Maidan” media concept for the national political concept sphere.

NATIVE NAMES OF SHRUBS AND BUSHES IN THE DIALECTS OF NOTHERN EUROPEAN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Olga Teush
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
European North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rose Hip ◽  
Russian Dialect ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to the names of the shrubs and bushes in the dialects of European North of Russia. The whole complex of lexemes is analyzed in relation to the origin and semantic connections of the words. The article determines the etymological origins of the key lexeme in the group – «a bush» with a reconstructed meaning «to stand, to stick out of the ground» . The research describes dialect derivatives of the root «kust-«. The author identifies contaminated words on the basis of the seme «dense». Northern Russian dialect names of the bush or shrub are considered in the onomasiological, semasiological, and lexical aspects. The article performs analysis of collective forms derived from «vitsa» as a flexible man-made rod, a branch, and «prut» as «a thin broken or cut branch without leaves» with Slavic origin. The active use of Russian roots like «ros- / rost- / rast-» of Indo-European antiquity is noted. Moreover, the article describes numerous species names. The largest number of nominations is discovered for the willow shrub: five roots are involved. The root «iv-« in dialects appears both in the original version and with metathesis (>«vi-«). In Northern Russian dialect zone the most active word formations are derived from the proto-Slavic origin of the root «bred-«. They form an extensive word-formation nest. The author interprets species appellative names of juniper, cherry bush, rose hip, hawthorn, gooseberry, hazel bushes. The article points out a wide use of names used to describe a dense bush with a root «chap- / tsap-» in the dialects of European North of Russia. The article analyzes the lexemes used to name the shrubs growing on the hills. The most numerous words are the names of water-bushes. Secondary names of shrubs and bushes growing on the hills or in the forests and marshlands are more rarely used. Descriptive names of scrup in abandoned fields are used in only one context. Pragmatic and metaphorical names are infrequent.

The role of secondary alcoholic groups of D-galacturonan in its degradation with exo-D-galacturonanase

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kveta Heinrichová ◽  
Rudolf Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Pectic Acid ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Degradation Degree ◽  
Derivatives Of

The effect of exo-D-galacturonanase from carrot on O-acetyl derivatives of pectic acid of variousacetylation degree was studied. Substitution of hydroxyl groups at C(2) and C(3) of D-galactopyranuronic acid units influences the initial rate of degradation, degree of degradation and its maximum rate, the differences being found also in the time of limit degradations of the individual O-acetyl derivatives. Value of the apparent Michaelis constant increases with increase of substitution and value of Vmax changes. O-Acetyl derivatives act as a competitive inhibitor of degradation of D-galacturonan. The extent of the inhibition effect depends on the degree of substitution. The only product of enzymic reaction is D-galactopyranuronic acid, what indicates that no degradation of the terminal substituted unit of O-acetyl derivative of pectic acid takes place. Substitution of hydroxyl groups influences the affinity of the enzyme towards the modified substrate. The results let us presume that hydroxyl groups at C(2) and C(3) of galacturonic unit of pectic acid are essential for formation of the enzyme-substrate complex.

Niuean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Massam
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Noun Incorporation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Theta Role ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure

This book presents a detailed descriptive and theoretical examination of predicate-argument structure in Niuean, a Polynesian language within the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family, spoken mainly on the Pacific island of Niue and in New Zealand. Niuean has VSO word order and an ergative case-marking system, both of which raise questions for a subject-predicate view of sentence structure. Working within a broadly Minimalist framework, this volume develops an analysis in which syntactic arguments are not merged locally to their thematic sources, but instead are merged high, above an inverted extended predicate which serves syntactically as the Niuean verb, later undergoing movement into the left periphery of the clause. The thematically lowest argument merges as an absolutive inner subject, with higher arguments merging as applicatives. The proposal relates Niuean word order and ergativity to its isolating morphology, by equating the absence of inflection with the absence of IP in Niuean, which impacts many aspects of its grammar. As well as developing a novel analysis of clause and argument structure, word order, ergative case, and theta role assignment, the volume argues for an expanded understanding of subjecthood. Throughout the volume, many other topics are also treated, such as noun incorporation, word formation, the parallel internal structure of predicates and arguments, null arguments, displacement typology, the role of determiners, and the structure of the left periphery.

scholarly journals A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT AUDITORY PROCESSING IN L2 SEGMENTAL AND SUPRASEGMENTAL ACQUISITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Kazuya Saito ◽  
Adam Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
First Language ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Immersion Experience ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Speech Learning

Abstract Precise auditory perception at a subcortical level (neural representation and encoding of sound) has been suggested as a form of implicit L2 aptitude in naturalistic settings. Emerging evidence suggests that such implicit aptitude explains some variance in L2 speech perception and production among adult learners with different first language backgrounds and immersion experience. By examining 46 Chinese learners of English, the current study longitudinally investigated the extent to which explicit and implicit auditory processing ability could predict L2 segmental and prosody acquisition over a 5-month early immersion. According to the results, participants’ L2 gains were associated with more explicit and integrative auditory processing ability (remembering and reproducing music sequences), while the role of implicit, preconscious perception appeared to be negligible at the initial stage of postpubertal L2 speech learning.

Anomalous narrowing of the shape of the structural process in derivatives of trehalose at high pressure. The role of the internal structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 116321
Author(s):  
Dawid Heczko ◽  
Joanna Grelska ◽  
Karolina Jurkiewicz ◽  
Patrycja Spychalska ◽  
Anna Kasprzycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structural Process ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Enzymatic synthesis and phosphorolysis of 4(2)-thioxo- and 6(5)-azapyrimidine nucleosides by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2588-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A Stepchenko ◽  
Anatoly I Miroshnikov ◽  
Frank Seela ◽  
Igor A Mikhailopulo
Keyword(s):  
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Nucleoside Phosphorylases ◽  
Derivatives Of

The trans-2-deoxyribosylation of 4-thiouracil (4SUra) and 2-thiouracil (2SUra), as well as 6-azauracil, 6-azathymine and 6-aza-2-thiothymine was studied using dG and E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) for the in situ generation of 2-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranose-1-phosphate (dRib-1P) followed by its coupling with the bases catalyzed by either E. coli thymidine (TP) or uridine (UP) phosphorylases. 4SUra revealed satisfactory substrate activity for UP and, unexpectedly, complete inertness for TP; no formation of 2’-deoxy-2-thiouridine (2SUd) was observed under analogous reaction conditions in the presence of UP and TP. On the contrary, 2SU, 2SUd, 4STd and 2STd are good substrates for both UP and TP; moreover, 2SU, 4STd and 2’-deoxy-5-azacytidine (Decitabine) are substrates for PNP and the phosphorolysis of the latter is reversible. Condensation of 2SUra and 5-azacytosine with dRib-1P (Ba salt) catalyzed by the accordant UP and PNP in Tris∙HCl buffer gave 2SUd and 2’-deoxy-5-azacytidine in 27% and 15% yields, respectively. 6-Azauracil and 6-azathymine showed good substrate properties for both TP and UP, whereas only TP recognizes 2-thio-6-azathymine as a substrate. 5-Phenyl and 5-tert-butyl derivatives of 6-azauracil and its 2-thioxo derivative were tested as substrates for UP and TP, and only 5-phenyl- and 5-tert-butyl-6-azauracils displayed very low substrate activity. The role of structural peculiarities and electronic properties in the substrate recognition by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases is discussed.

Incorporation and Role of Nitrogen During Oxynitridation of Silicon Studied by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Suzuki ◽  
Yoji Saito
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTWe tried direct oxynitridation of silicon surfaces by remote-plasma-exited nitrogen and oxygen gaseous mixtures at 700°C in a high vacuum. The oxynitrided surfaces were investigated with in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With increase of the oxynitridation time, the surface density of nitrogen gradually increases, but that of oxygen shows nearly saturation behavior after the rapid increase in the initial stage. We also annealed the grown oxynitride and oxide films to investigate the role of the contained nitrogen. The desorption rate of oxygen from the oxynitride films is much less than that from oxide films. We confirmed that nitrogen stabilizes the thermal stability of these oxynitride films.

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