scholarly journals Ryzyko i ochrona w środowisku rówieśniczym. Czyli o znaczeniu relacji koleżeńskich w życiu nastolatków

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Barbara Jankowiak ◽  
Agata Matysiak-Błaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Life Success ◽  
Developmental Factor ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours

This article is devoted to the issue of peer relations, which are an important developmental factor and affect the welfare of adolescent boys and girls. According to many authors, relationships with peers during adolescence carry not only risk as a consequence of peer pressure to undertake unfavourable behaviors, but may also potentially contribute to well-being and life success. The analysis of available research results helped to distinguish two main risk factors resulting from peer relations, which include: mutual influence and modelling of disadaptive behaviours and rejection by peers. The protective factors, in turn, included: mutual influence and modelling of adaptive behaviours, a sense of happiness resulting from peer relations and compensating for other difficulties through peer relations.

scholarly journals Exploration of simultaneous polydrug use: risk and protective factors in undergraduate students in one university, Kingston - Jamaica

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Mitchell ◽  
Laura Simich ◽  
Carol Strike ◽  
Bruna Brands ◽  
Norman Giesbrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The University

Simultaneous polydrug use in undergraduate students was studied in one university in Kingston, Jamaica. The study was a cross-sectional, and used a survey method of data collection. We examined protective and risk factors associated with simultaneous polydrug use in a sample of 295 undergraduate students from the health and medical science departments in the university. Our results suggest that continued residence with family, family support, and students' emotional well-being are protective factors. On the other hand, ease of access of substance and limited emotional support may be considered risk factors. Our findings may inform preventive programs, though further research is required.

Protective Factors in Child Abuse and Neglect

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Lea Tufford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Health And Well Being

This chapter examines the protective factors for child maltreatment from child, parent, family, and community aspects as there are individual differences in how children, parents, families, and communities respond to maltreatment. Protective factors have not been studied as extensively or rigorously as risk factors; however, they can promote health and well-being for maltreated children. These factors can also help to develop interventions to reduce impairment following exposure to child maltreatment. Resilience is another term for protective factors and focuses on examining children’s capacity to overcome or manage child abuse and neglect and achieve positive developmental outcomes. Despite the growing emphasis on resilience and protective factors, it must be understood that the existence of protective factors does not deny the negative consequences of child maltreatment or that maltreatment is wrong.

Not All At-Risk Boys Have Bad Outcomes: Predictors of Later Life Success

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-419
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Life Success ◽  
Early Childhood Interventions

Scholars have recently identified protective factors that decrease the effects of risk factors on later offending. Others have investigated how offending risk factors affect other life outcomes, such as employment and health. The current study combined these areas to identify protective factors that predicted life success through mid-adulthood. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development was used to identify risk-based and interactive protective factors for later life success among males at risk for poor life success. Across three risk conceptualizations, several protective factors were identified that predicted life success in a variety of domains at age 48. This research indicates that early childhood interventions may not only help reduce future offending but also increase the child’s chances of doing well in other life domains.

scholarly journals A Review on Teen Drug Use: Risks and Protective Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Rejani T.G
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Parental Supervision ◽  
Factors Associated

Drug use and abuse among adolescence is a major issue in a society. Studies have tried to determine the origins and pathways of drug abuse and addiction—how the problem starts and how it progresses. . Many factors have been identified that help differentiate those more likely to abuse drugs from those less vulnerable to drug abuse. Factors associated with greater potential for drug abuse are called “risk” factors, while those associated with reduced potential for abuse are called “protective” factors (NIDA, 1997).Studies have reported various risk factors associated with drug use among adolescents such as early aggressive behavior, disinhibition, peer pressure, drug availability, poverty, substance abuse, lack of parental supervision, attitude towards drug use and intentions to use drugs, negative family atmosphere, school difficulties and psychopathology (Wong, Tang and Schwarzer,1996 ;  Rumpold et al , 2011). Protective factors such as parental monitoring and peer support were found to be associated with less drug abuse (Vitaro, Tremblay and Zoccolillo, 1999; Eggert and Herting, 1991).

scholarly journals How Adolescent Students with Disabilities and /or Complex Needs Perceive the Notion of Resilience: A Study in Greece and England

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Maria Georgiadi ◽  
Stefanos Plexousakis ◽  
Maitland Josie ◽  
Elias Kourkoutas ◽  
Angie Hart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Increased Risk

Adolescents with behavioral and learning difficulties are at increased risk in relation to psychological and social well-being. This study aimed to investigate the views and experiences of adolescent students, diagnosed with a variety of complex needs such as behavioral, emotional and learning difficulties, to explore potential risk and protective factors that they perceive can enable or constrain resilience. Participants in the study were adolescents both from the UK (n=12) and Greece (n=14), all of whom were receiving additional learning and psychological support in their school settings. A qualitative research design employed the ‘draw and write’ technique in addition to face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data analysis identified the protective and risk factors that adolescents associated with resilience. Two distinct categories of protective factors emerged from the data: a) personal (positive thoughts, nutrition and achievements) and b) socio-ecological factors (significant others, activities, pets, places). Risk factors were also divided into two categories: a) personal (negative thoughts and feelings and health problems) and b) socio-ecological factors (relational problems). Findings highlight the complex interplay between personal and socio-ecological factors in building resilience in adolescents who are at increased risk in relation to psychological and social well-being.

scholarly journals PROCESOS ONCOLÓGICOS, COMUNICACIÓN FLEXIBLE EN LA FAMILIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mª José Gordillo Montaño ◽  
Elena Guillén Guillén ◽  
Mª Dolores Gordillo Gordillo ◽  
Mª Isabel Ruíz Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Minor Children

Abstract:The psycho-oncology is a branch of psychology that is responsible for improving the physical, psychological or emotional well-being , not just the cancer patient but also their family. One of the key issues to be discussed with patients is the adequacy of communication and information about these processes to other family members, especially if we focus on the minor children who live and still rely on parents who have disease. The relevant guidelines and instructions are also useful for other professionals, such as teachers of schools, educators, social workers..., working with children and can be found with this type of case. Cancer is a disease in which the life is in danger, and this has an impact not only for the patient but also in other family members. Thus, the aim of our communication is a brief review of the results of the prevalence, describe different structured treatments available, explain the different studies on the influence and impact this has on children, noting risk factors and protective describe specific indications by stage of development where the children are, and finally give some comments on different orientations of why, what, how and when to report this as stressful as the diagnosis and treatment of cancer circumstancesKeywords: Psychooncology, Cancer, Flexible communication, Protective factors, Risk factorsResumen:La psicooncología es una rama de la psicología que se encarga de mejorar el bienestar físico, psicológico o emocional, no sólo del paciente con cáncer sino también de su familia. Uno de los temas claves a tratar con los pacientes es la adecuación de la comunicación e información de estos procesos al resto de miembros de la familia, en especial si nos centramos en los hijos menores de edad que conviven y dependen aún de los padres que padecen la enfermedad. Las orientaciones e indicaciones pertinentes son útiles además para el resto de profesionales, como profesores de centros escolares, educadores, trabajadores sociales…, que trabajan con menores y que se pueden encontrar con este tipo de casos. El cáncer es una enfermedad por la que la vida peligra, y esto conlleva un impacto no sólo para el paciente, sino también en el resto de miembros de la familia. Por ello el objetivo de nuestra comunicación es realizar un breve repaso sobre los resultados de las prevalencias, describir diferentes tratamientos estructurados que existen, exponer los diferentes estudios sobre la influencia y efecto que esto tiene en los hijos, señalando factores de riesgo y de protección, describir indicaciones específicas según la etapa de desarrollo en la que se encuentren los hijos, y por último dar unas pinceladas sobre diferentes orientaciones de porqué, qué, cómo y cuándo informar sobre esta circunstancia tan estresante como es el diagnóstico y tratamiento de cáncer.Palabras clave: Psicooncología, Cáncer, Comunicación flexible, Factores de protección, Factores de riesgo.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use and Oral Health Status among Adolescents in an Urban Slum, Gurugram

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Vishesh Yadav ◽  
Shalini Ray ◽  
Priyanka Sachdeva ◽  
Ankur Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is one of the main risk factors for number of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer and oral cancer. Tobacco epidemic is one of the public health threats killing nearly six million people yearly. Tobacco use also contributes to poor oral health causing staining, bad breath and tooth decay. Different studies in India are suggestive of upward trend in use of tobacco even in adolescents.OBJECTIVES: To find the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in an urban slum and to assess the oral health status among them.METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was done as a part of oral health assessment camp conducted in an urban slum. All adolescents attending the camp were recruited in the study after due informed consent, the final sample size being 130.RESULTS: The overall tobacco use among adolescents was found to be 95.8% adolescent boys and 27.6% among adolescent girls. The most common reasons cited for tobacco use were peer pressure followed by parent’s influence. Smokeless tobacco (dry tobacco, lime, guthka) was consumed by 39.13% boys and 19% girls. Smoking was prevalent among 16.7% boys and 8.6% girls. However 41.7 % adolescent boys consumed both forms of tobacco. Prevalence of dental caries was high in both boys (77.7%) and girls (55.2%). The presence of tartar was found in 47.3% boys and 22.4% girls. Bleeding gums was found in more no. of girls (29.3%) as compared to boys (25%). The other morbidities found on examination were ulcer (16.7% boys and 3.5% girls), Oral submucous fibrosis was seen in 27.8% boys and 3.5% girls.CONCLUSION: Appropriate intervention is required as adolescence is a tender period where these risk factors like tobacco consumption and oral hygiene could be modified by awareness and counselling.

A Model for Analyzing Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maila Upanne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

This study monitored the evolution of psychologists' (n = 31) conceptions of suicide prevention over the 9-year course of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland and assessed the feasibility of the theoretical model for analyzing suicide prevention developed in earlier studies [ Upanne, 1999a , b ]. The study was formulated as a retrospective self-assessment where participants compared their earlier descriptions of suicide prevention with their current views. The changes in conceptions were analyzed and interpreted using both the model and the explanations given by the subjects themselves. The analysis proved the model to be a useful framework for revealing the essential features of prevention. The results showed that the freely-formulated ideas on prevention were more comprehensive than those evolved in practical work. Compared to the earlier findings, the conceptions among the group had shifted toward emphasizing a curative approach and the significance of individual risk factors. In particular, greater priority was focused on the acute suicide risk phase as a preventive target. Nonetheless, the overall structure of prevention ideology remained comprehensive and multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Promotive aims (protective factors) also remained part of the prevention paradigm. Practical working experiences enhanced the psychologists' sense of the difficulties of suicide prevention as well as their criticism and feeling of powerlessness.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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