scholarly journals A Review on Teen Drug Use: Risks and Protective Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Rejani T.G
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Parental Supervision ◽  
Factors Associated

Drug use and abuse among adolescence is a major issue in a society. Studies have tried to determine the origins and pathways of drug abuse and addiction—how the problem starts and how it progresses. . Many factors have been identified that help differentiate those more likely to abuse drugs from those less vulnerable to drug abuse. Factors associated with greater potential for drug abuse are called “risk” factors, while those associated with reduced potential for abuse are called “protective” factors (NIDA, 1997).Studies have reported various risk factors associated with drug use among adolescents such as early aggressive behavior, disinhibition, peer pressure, drug availability, poverty, substance abuse, lack of parental supervision, attitude towards drug use and intentions to use drugs, negative family atmosphere, school difficulties and psychopathology (Wong, Tang and Schwarzer,1996 ;  Rumpold et al , 2011). Protective factors such as parental monitoring and peer support were found to be associated with less drug abuse (Vitaro, Tremblay and Zoccolillo, 1999; Eggert and Herting, 1991).

What Prevents Drug Abuse?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. R. Kleiman ◽  
Jonathan P. Caulkins ◽  
Angela Hawken
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Protective Factors

What are risk factors for drug use? Protective factors? Risk factors are traits that are statistically associated with drug use, meaning that someone who has the risk factor is more likely to use drugs than is an otherwise similar person who does not have the...

scholarly journals Examining the Relative Influences of the Risk Factors and Protective Factors That Affect Firefighter Resilience

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098261
Author(s):  
Yunjo Song ◽  
Jung Hee Ha ◽  
Juliet Jue
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influences of the risk factors and protective factors that affect firefighters’ resilience. Based on previous studies, we selected three risk factors and four protective factors. The former included cognitive bias, socially prescribed perfectionism, and social anxiety. The latter included deliberate rumination, self-encouragement, family relations, and peer support. A total of 330 full-time professional firefighters in Korea participated in the study, and we analyzed 271 questionnaires. We conducted multiple regression analyses and the results were as follows. The risk factors explained 43.7% of resilience and both cognitive bias and social anxiety showed significant negative influences. Meanwhile, the protective factors explained 52.6% of resilience and we found both peer support and self-encouragement to be significant. Finally, we included seven variables in our multiple regression analysis to verify their relative influences on resilience, and these variables explained 59.5% of resilience. In the final analysis, we identified cognitive bias, peer support, and self-encouragement as the relatively significant variables that affect firefighters’ resilience. We conclude this paper by outlining the relevant implications of our findings and discussing the study’s limitations.

scholarly journals Social-Ecological Predictors of Homophobic Name-Calling Perpetration and Victimization Among Early Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110022
Author(s):  
Alberto Valido ◽  
Gabriel J. Merrin ◽  
Dorothy L. Espelage ◽  
Luz E. Robinson ◽  
Kyle Nickodem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
School Belonging ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Homophobic Name Calling

Bias-based aggression at school in the form of homophobic name-calling is quite prevalent among early adolescents. Homophobic name-calling is associated with low academic performance, higher risky sexual behaviors, and substance abuse, among other adverse outcomes. This longitudinal study examined risk and protective factors across multiple domains of the social ecology (individual, peer, family, school and community) and levels of analysis (within- and between-person) associated with homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization. Students from four middle schools in the U.S. Midwest ( N = 1,655; [Formula: see text] age = 12.75; range = 10–16 years) were surveyed four times (Spring/Fall 2008, Spring/Fall 2009). For homophobic name-calling perpetration, significant risk factors included impulsivity, social dominance, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence; while empathy, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors. For homophobic name-calling victimization, significant risk factors included empathy (between-person), impulsivity, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence, while empathy (within-person), parental monitoring, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors.

scholarly journals Drug use and risk factors among secondary students

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Jordán Jinez ◽  
José Roberto Molina de Souza ◽  
Sandra Cristina Pillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experimental Use

Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION: alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors for Pterygium in Han and Mongolian adults: across-sectional study in inner Mongolian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Wang ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Linyang Gan ◽  
Yonggang Qian ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with pterygium in Han and Mongolian adults at four survey sites in Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. Using a stratified sampling method, we eventually included 2,651 participants of at least30 years of age from a total of 3,468 eligible residents. Factors associated with pterygium were analysed using univariate analysis and logistic regression models. Results: There were 1,910 Han adults and 741 Mongolian adults included in this study. The mean± standard deviation of age for individuals in the study cohort was 48.93±11.06 years. The overall prevalence of pterygium was 6.4% (n=169), and the prevalences of bilateral and unilateral pterygium were 1.4% (n=38) and 4.8% (n=128), respectively. The most common grade of pterygium was Grade 2. After univariate analysis, eleven factors were considered in a multivariate analysis. The results indicated that age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), outdoor occupation (P=0.026), and time spent in rural areas (P<0.001) were significantly associated with pterygium, whereas gender and ethnicity were not risk factors. In subgroup analysis, BMI≥28 was a protective factor for Han individuals (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.81, P=0.01), but a risk factor for Mongolian individuals (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.02-5.58, P=0.044). The BF% in Han and Mongolian individuals had significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that an outdoor occupation, old age and time spent in rural areas are risk factors for pterygium in Inner Mongolia. Living near an urban survey site (Hohhot and Tsining District) and having a higher education level are protective factors for pterygium. Ethnicity, gender, smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure are not associated with pterygium. Different dietary structures in Han and Mongolian adults may lead to different fat content of body and therefore contributes to the prevalence of pterygium. Keywords: Pterygium, prevalence, Han and Mongolian, risk factors, protective factors

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Opioid Use Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) in a Cohort of 21,202 ACLR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0025
Author(s):  
Anita G. Rao ◽  
Heather A. Prentice ◽  
Priscilla Hannah Chan ◽  
Liz W. Paxton ◽  
Tadashi Ted Funahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meniscal Injury ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Medication ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Asa Classification

Objectives: The misuse of opioid medication has contributed to a significant national crisis affecting public health, as well as patient morbidity and medical costs. We sought to determine baseline opioid utilization in patients undergoing ACLR and examine demographic, patient characteristics, and medical factors associated with postoperative opioid utilization. Methods: Primary elective ACLR were identified using an integrated healthcare system’s ACLR registry (January 2005-January 2015). Patients with cancer or those who had other knee surgery in the preceding year were excluded. We studied the effect of preoperative and intraoperative risks factors on number of dispensed opioid medication prescriptions (Rx) in the early (0-90 days) and late (91-360 days) postoperative periods using logit regression. Risk factors studied included: number of opioid Rx in preceding year, age, gender, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI), activity at the time of injury, time from injury to ACLR, concomitant procedure or injury, medical comorbidities, and opioid-use comorbidities. Results: Of 21202 ACLR from 20813 patients, 25.5% used at least 1 opioid Rx in the one-year preoperative period. 17.7% and 2.7% used ≥2 opioid Rx in the early and late recovery periods, respectively. The risk factors associated with greater opioid Rx in both the early and late periods included: preoperative opioid use, age >20 years, ASA classification of ≥3, other activity at the time of injury, repaired cartilage injury, chronic pulmonary disease, and substance abuse. Risk factors associated with opioid Rx use during the early period only included: other race, acute ACL injury, repaired meniscal injury, multi-ligament injury, and dementia/psychoses. Risk factors associated with greater opioid Rx during the late period included: female gender, BMI >25 kg/m2, motor vehicle accident as the mechanism of injury, and hypertension. Conclusion: We identified several risk factors for postoperative opioid usage after ACLR. The strongest predictors of postoperative prescription opioid usage after ACLR included preoperative opioid use, increasing age, ASA classification of 3 or more, other activity at the time of injury, repaired meniscal injury, cartilage repair, chronic pulmonary disease, and substance abuse. Awareness of risk factors for postoperative opioid usage may encourage more targeted utilization of opioids in pain management. Surgeons may consider additional support or referral to a pain specialist for patients with these risk factors. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Epidemiology of illicit and abused drugs in the general population, emergency department drug-related episodes, and arrestees

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
National Trends

Abstract National trends in substance abuse are presented: the civilian noninstitutionalized general population; drug-related emergency department episodes; and booked arrestees. Major metropolitan differences are also noted. This study was based on the primary national data systems for these groups: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, SAMHSA's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), and the National Institute of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system. While the most prevalent drug differed in the three data sources, all three showed recent increases in marijuana. Despite the general decline in drug use seen in the general population, both the number of drug-related cases in the DAWN system and the drug use detected in the DUF arrestees showed recent increases.

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