scholarly journals Negocjowanie form i znaczeń podczas lekcji języka obcego — wyniki badań

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Mirosław Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Focus On Form ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Interaction Hypothesis ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Negotiated Interaction ◽  
The Right

According to numerous theorists and researchers, negotiation of form and meaning plays a crucial role in second and foreign language acquisition, since it enhances the quality of the input to which learners are exposed, it promotes noticing gaps and holes in their target language knowledge, and it provides them with opportunities to modify their incorrect output. Such advantages have been posited, among others, by the Noticing Hypothesis (Schmidt, 1990), the Interaction Hypothesis (Long, 1996) and the Output Hypothesis (Swain, 1995), and they have corroborated by the latest findings of research seeking to determine the value of different focus-on-form options and in particular different ways of providing corrective feedback (Sheen i Ellis, 2011; Pawlak, 2012). It can thus be assumed that teachers should stimulate the use of negotiation, either by reacting in the right way to learners' problematic utterances, planning communicative tasks encouraging its use, or undertaking training in this area. In line with such reasoning, the aim of this paper is to report the results of a study which attempted to determine the incidence of negotiated interaction in pair and group work activities, and to appraise its value for language acquisition.

Minding the gap

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nuzzo ◽  
Diego Cortés Velásquez
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Focus On Form ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Written Compositions

This study investigates how different ways of receiving peer written corrective feedback (WCF) affect learners’ opportunities to actively engage in negotiation of form in tandem virtual encounters. Two types of WCF are compared, namely direct WCF plus oral metalinguistic explanation and indirect WCF plus oral prompt. During a telecollaboration programme between Italian students of English and US students of Italian, the participants (n = 16) were given several tasks to complete in dyads, including that of providing feedback on written compositions produced by their partner in the target language. The eight dyads were divided into two groups which received the same instructions for the activities, with the exception of instructions on how to provide WCF to their partner. The data of six dyads – three from each group – were analysed with regard to the quality of language-related episodes. The data analysis showed that indirect WCF plus oral prompt was more effective in leading the NNSs to actively engage with negotiation of form during the discussion phase. This result will be discussed together with other findings which emerged from the analysis, with the aim to provide useful insights on how to promote focus on form when implementing peer-review activities in telecollaboration programmes.

Chat-Line interaction and negative feedback

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Iwasaki ◽  
Rhonda Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
On Line

In recent years researchers have investigated the use of Internet applications for language and cultural learning. While this new technology seems to have provided an educational breakthrough, relatively little linguistic research has been conducted particularly in relation to second language acquisition. Therefore the efficacy of the Internet applications not just for cultural studies or the expansion of knowledge, but also for second/foreign language acquisition remains uncertain. This study explores communicative interactions between native speakers (NSs) and non-native speakers (NNSs) of Japanese. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was chosen as the setting for this study, because of the resemblance of chat line interactions to verbal exchanges. The linguistic focus in this study was specifically on one form of corrective feedback, namely implicit negative feedback (NF), which provides information to language learners about what is unacceptable in target language (e.g. Long, 1996). It has been claimed that NF plays an important facilitative role in language development. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether NSs provide NF to their NNS interlocutors in interactions during chat line conversations, and whether the NNS’s used this feedback in their subsequent production. The participants were NNSs and NSs of Japanese, formed into 12 gender-matched dyads. Each pair had free on-line “conversation” in three separate sessions. The results show that the proportion of NSs’ NF to the number of NNSs’ non-target-like turns was . lower than that found in the previous studies based on face to face verbal interactions. Even so NF was provided, and it was used – however it remains unclear as to whether or not on-line interactions elicit sufficient NF for acquisition to occur.

scholarly journals LATERALIZATION OF THE BIOELECTRIC BRAIN ACTIVITY AS A PREDICTOR OF MOTIVATIONAL AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
L. A. Khokhlova ◽  
L. E. Deryagina
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Right

The conducted research was devoted to the study of influence of the laterality pattern of the bioelectric brain activity on the formation of foreign language acquisition abilities based on the actualization of motivational and cognitive processes. Medical students (n=620) studying at the Foreign Language Department took part in the research. Investigation of the bioelectric brain activity was carried out by EEG with the use of a 16-channel Neiron Spectr 3 (Russia) electroencephalograph. Aspiration level (motives) was revealed by V.K. Gerbachevskij Inventory (1969). Elers test was used to determine achievement and avoid-ance motivation. The level of state and trait anxiety was assessed by C. Spielberger-Ju. Hanin Inventory. Correlation between the motive choice and peculiarities of the bioelectric brain activity was determined. Being a success marker of foreign language acquisition abilities, the academic achievement is likely to be a reflection of the learning efficiency dependence on the laterality pattern of the bioelectric brain activity, motivational behavior. As a rule, students with achievement motivation predominance (well advanced students) relied on their own ab-ilities, aimed at self-actualization and tried to solve problems requiring effort. The predo-minance of motive of avoidance in the motivational structure of the personality in poorly ad-vanced students of the right profile had a negative influence on the course of cognitive processes, manifested in low efficiency of formation of foreign-verbal abilities.

scholarly journals Het gebruik van vaste verbindingen tijdens examens „tolken”

FILOGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Zelenka
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Oral Exam ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Right

Collocations, interpreting, native-like, foreign language acquisition Third year BA students of Dutch at Károli University followed a one semester long interpreting course. During their oral exam they had an interpreting task from Hungarian to Dutch. In my research I wanted to answer two questions: firstly, to what extent do students use collocations while performing an interpreting task; secondly to what extent is their use of collocations native-like? Based on the recorded data we can see that students often realize that they should use a collocation but cannot always retrieve the right one. Grammatical constructions in the students’ native language, in our case Hungarian, play also a role in the choice of collocations.

Comprehensible Input and Second Language Acquisition

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Loschky
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comprehensible Input ◽  
Negotiated Interaction ◽  
Input Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vocabulary Recognition

This study attempts to test aspects of the input hypothesis (Krashen, 1980, 1983, 1985) and Long's modification of it (Long, 1980, 1983a, 1985). Specifically, it experimentally tests the hypothesis that both input and interactional modifications facilitate second language acquisition, using Japanese as the target language. Three experimental groups were differentiated in terms of input and interaction conditions: (1) unmodified input with no interaction, (2) premodified input with no interaction, and (3) unmodified input with the chance for negotiated interaction. The groups were compared in terms of (a) their degree of comprehension of the input and (b) their subsequent retention of vocabulary items and acquisition of two Japanese locative structures. The results indicated that moment-to-moment comprehension was highest for the negotiated interaction group, whereas there was no significant difference between the two noninteraction groups. Furthermore, there was no correlation found between differences in moment-to-moment comprehension and gains in vocabulary recognition and acquisition of structures, though significant gains on both measures were found for all three groups. Discussion of these findings centers on the relationship between comprehension and acquisition.

scholarly journals Corpus-based research into the presumed effects of short EVS

Interpreting ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Defrancq
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Frequency Difference ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Significant Frequency ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Right ◽  
Significant Frequency Difference

The aim of this study, based on 32 French speeches simultaneously interpreted into Dutch at plenary sessions of the European Parliament in late 2008, was to ascertain whether short ear-voice span (EVS) affects the quality of the interpretation as is commonly stated in the literature. The speeches and interpretations were taken from the ‘EPIC Ghent’ corpus, which is in preparation at Ghent University. Three phenomena were identified as potential effects of a short EVS: syntactic transcodage (maintaining the right-branching French ‘noun+de+noun’ structure, not using a more natural left-branching structure, in the Dutch interpretation), use of cognates similar in sound to source language forms (‘glissement phonétique’), and certain self-repairs (Barik 1973; Gile 1995). Time tags were applied to both the source and target texts, so that EVS could be measured to the nearest second from the onset of a source language item to the onset of the target language equivalent. The hypothesis was that EVS would be shorter in contexts where these three phenomena occur than elsewhere in the subcorpus. This was borne out in only one case, i.e. use of cognates: short (2 secs.) and very short (1 sec.) EVS was significantly more frequent in contexts where cognates occurred than elsewhere. There was no statistically significant frequency difference in the context of transcodage or of the relevant self-repairs.

scholarly journals HOW ARE LANGUAGES LEARNED? THEORIES ON THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Paola BOCALE
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Negotiation Of Meaning ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Teaching Learning

is work discusses theories on teaching, learning and acquiring foreign languages. The input hypothesis has drawn attention to its role and importance in language acquisition. On the other hand, however, empirical research has emphasized the role that output and interaction play in acquiring and improving language skills. In most communicative acts, there are factors that jeopardise the process of communication, such as lack of lexical knowledge and speech too fast for the listener to understand, causing different comprehension problems. These occur between native speakers and non-native speakers, inside and outside the classroom. Negotiation of meaning can be only defined within an interactive process as the mutual collaboration between speakers and listeners in order to clarify a language misunderstanding using different linguistic strategies such as, for example, word repetition, simplified structures and clarification questions. From one point of view, negotiation of meaning is a communicative exchange and a step towards achieving communication goals. Learners and tutors are involved in communication to solve a problem whose clarification allows conversation to be carried on. From the other point of view, negotiation of meaning is an effective way of expanding the knowledge of learners, because some of the explanations can be internalised and added to their target language repertoire. Learning can be effective only if interaction is included in the overall language aquisition process.

scholarly journals The Relationship betwen Second Language Acquisition Process and English Language Teaching in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritz Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Teachers And Students

<p>English as a global language is learned worldwide and a plethora of methods and approaches have been developed and practiced in English classrooms by dedicated teachers and students. Understanding the underlying theories of second and foreign language acquisition and learning will help both teachers and students in learning and teaching a target language. There has not been many research conducted in the area, especially within Indonesian context. This research therefore attempts to fill in gaps in a way that it provides sufficient discussion of the theories and practice in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia in its conjunction with the second and foreign language acquisition theories. Twenty eight students specializing in teacher training participated in the research and two distinguished data collection methods were utilized; survey and interview. The results show that the students are not consistent with their opinions concerning the theories of second or foreign language acquisition and learning in relation to the mastery of English as a foreign language in Indonesia.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: language learning, language acquisition, ELT</p>

Interactional Modifications in Internet Chatting

2009 ◽  
pp. 1390-1409
Author(s):  
Neny Isharyanti
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Target Language ◽  
College Level ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Esl Learners

Studies in computer-mediated communication (CMC) have shown that it has the potential to provide opportunities for ESL learners to actively participate in communication using the target language, to notice inter-language gaps in their language production, and to negotiate meaning by the use of interactional modifications (IMs). The use of certain types of communication tasks also seems to play an important role in how to increase the quantity and quality of interactions among learners. Such a role is believed to affect the effectiveness of language acquisition. This chapter reports the findings of a study that investigates Internet chatting interactions between 28 college-level Indonesian non-native speakers (NNSs) of English using two different communicative language tasks, a jigsaw task and a decision- making task, which are believed to facilitate language acquisition. The main aim of this chapter is to discuss how the differences in tasks may generate different frequencies and types of IMs, as well as the possibilities of employing the results of the study in a classroom environment.

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