scholarly journals Linguistic geography and historical material. An example of inventory ledgers from the second half of the 18th century kept in Wielkopolska

Gwary Dziś ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Błażej Osowski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Small Room

This work connects with the dialectological aspect of linguistic geography. The analysed material consists of inventory ledgers kept in Wielkopolska in the second half of the 18th century for nobility possessions. It is assumed that the then regional variety of the Polish language spoken in Wielkopolska was geographically diverse and this diversity was anything but accidental. It was affected by the education of the communication actors (including the writers) and their command of the literary Polish language, dialectal influences, impact of foreign languages, presence of archaic and innovative elements. This diversity is reflected in inventory ledgers; an analysis thereof was aimed at excerpting examples of lexical variants. This work contains 4 selected examples: ‘bogaty chłop’ [a wealthy farmer], ‘ziemniaki’ [potatoes], ‘mała izba’[a small room], ‘niebieski’ [blue]. Maps have been created for them. The analytical part is followed by generalisation of the variability in the surveyed sources (types of variability, its sources, levels, types of variants).

scholarly journals ELEKTRONICZNY KORPUS TEKSTÓW POLSKICH Z XVII I XVIII W. – PROBLEMY TEORETYCZNE I WARSZTATOWE

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Gruszczyński ◽  
Dorota Adamiec ◽  
Renata Bronikowska ◽  
Aleksandra Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Text Representation ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
National Corpus

Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts – theoretical and workshop problems Summary This paper presents the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts (KorBa) – a large (13.5-million), annotated historical corpus available online. Its creation was modelled on the assumptions of the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP), yet the specifi c nature of the historical material enforced certain modifi cations of the solutions applied in NKJP, e.g. two forms of text representation (transliteration and transcription) were introduced, the principle of designating foreign-language fragments was adopted, and the tagset was adapted to the description of the grammatical structure of the Middle Polish language. The texts collected in KorBa are diversified in chronological, geographical, stylistic, and thematic terms although, due to e.g. limited access to the material, the postulate of representativeness and sustainability of the corpus was not fully implemented. The work on the corpus was to a large extent automated as a result of using natural language processing tools. Keywords: electronic text corpus – historical corpus – 17th-18th-century Polish – natural language processing

scholarly journals Deminutywność, symilatywność i tautologia słowotwórcza w języku doby średniopolskiej (na materiale ze słownika M.A. Troca)

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXVII (77) ◽  
pp. 193-209
Author(s):  
MAREK KASZEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Input Language ◽  
The Real ◽  
Linguistic Awareness ◽  
Real Functions ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
High Level

W tekście podejmowana jest problematyka ograniczeń procesu kategoryzacji klas derywatów deminutywnych oraz symilatywnych w dobie średniopolskiej. Celem opracowania było wskazanie potencjalnych przyczyn blokowania procesów kategoryzacyjnych klas historycznych deminutywów oraz symilatywów. W zakresie metodologii i ustaleń terminologicznych wykorzystano osiągnięcia tzw. „katowickiej szkoły słowotwórstwa historycznego”. Głównym źródłem materiału leksykalnego stał się trójjęzyczny dykcjonarz M.A. Troca z 1764 roku (jego III tom, z polszczyzną jako językiem wyjściowym). Świadomość lingwistyczna autora tego słownika, przejawiająca się w sposobie organizacji wyrażeń hasłowych oraz doboru ekwiwalentów wraz z definicjami, rzuciła nowe światło na sposób identyfikowania kategorii deminutywów, symilatywów, a także formacji tautologicznych przez dawnych użytkowników języka. Okazało się, że w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku żadna z tych klas nie wykrystalizowała swoich dominant, zaś czynnikiem, który mógł podtrzymywać ten stan, była obecność w języku znacznej liczby derywatów tautologicznych względem podstawy, budowanych z udziałem wielofunkcyjnych formantów z podstawowymi sufiksalnymi spółgłoskami -k- i -c-. Diminutivity, similativity and word-formation tautology in Middle Polish (illustrated with data from M.A. Troc’s Dictionary) Summary: The text deals with the limitations of the categorization process of the classes of diminutive and similative derivatives in Middle Polish. The aim of the study was to identify the potential reasons for the blocking of the categorization processes of the historical classes of diminutives and similatives. The methodology and terminology used in the paper follows the achievements of the so-called “Katowice school of historical word-formation”. The 1764 trilingual dictionary by M.A. Troc (Volume 3, with Polish as the input language) was the main source of lexical material. Based on the analysis of the presented material, one can conclude that the linguistic awareness of the lexicographer, manifested through the organization of dictionary entries and the choice of foreign equivalents and their definitions, may shed a new light on the categorical system of historical derivatives. In lack of sufficient Polish-language contexts, the translational character of lexicographic sources lets us gain information about the semantic and stylistic value of Polish lexical units on the basis of their foreign equivalents or their foreign-language definitions provided by dictionaries. The category of diminutive names in the second half of the 18th century did not yet crystallize its dominants, and the class of similative names had a similar formal and semantic status. Both classes constituted products of sets that contained derivative units, assuming a diminishing or similative function. The factor that inhibited the process of the crystallization of the dominants in the mentioned classes was the extremely high level of word-formation tautology, which did not allow language users to identify the real functions of multifunctional formants with the basic consonants -k- and -c-.

scholarly journals Język Polaków na Bukowinie Karpackiej

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Helena Krasowska
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Polish Group ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Prestige

The language of Polish people in Carpathian BukovinaThe Polish group which was settling in Bukovina since 18th century was various as far as the place of origin is concerned. These are comers from Galicia, Lesser Poland and the region of Czadca in Slovakia. In this article the author presented linguistic situation in particular villages according to the division of Polish community which varies regarding the origin and present place of residence.In the Polish language of Bukovina – according to the research – relatively faint traces of the dialect of Lesser Poland can be found. The speech of comers from lesser Poland weakened due to the prestige of the speech of settlers from Eastern Galicia which developed mainly in conditions of Polish-Ukrainian bilinguism as well as Polish–Ukrainian–Romanian trilinguism or even Polish–Ukrainian–Romanian–German  polylinguism.The author circumstantiated linguistic contacts of the Polish group in Kaczyka, Nowy Sołoniec, Paltynoasa, Plesza, Pojana Mikuli (in Southern Bukovina) as well as in Stara Huta, Dolne Piotrowce, Tereblecze (in Northern Bukovina) and Czerniowce, Storożyniec and Panka. The most important linguistic features were named in the article.As a result, the Polish community in the Southern Bukovina region can be divided into four groups varying as far as the language and origin are concerned: the dialect of Kaczyka village, dialect of Bukovinian Highlanders; dialect of Ruda village; dialect of Bulaj and Michoweny villages. There is the Polish language, so called all-Bukovinian which is a variation of the Polish language of South-Eastern borderland and the dialect of Bukovinian Highlanders (with different features than the mentioned above).

scholarly journals Słowa miesiąca roku 2018 w polach leksykalno-semantycznych.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sornat
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Thematic Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Cyclic Words

Words of the month in 2018 in lexical and semantic fi elds Summary The aim of this study is to present the results of a lexical and semantic analysis of the so-called words of the month in 2018, that is words (or their combinations) with high frequency in the Polish daily press, published and commented by a group of linguists from the Institute of Polish Language, University of Warsaw, on www.slowanaczasie.uw.edu.pl over the past year. Apart from the analysis of the thematic structure of the excerpted lexemes and their assignment to contextually determined word fi elds, the examination covers the total number of occurrences of the units in the monthly list of words of the month. The outcome of the linguistic analysis not only permitted identifi cation of the most topical issues for Poles in a given year, but also enabled verifi cation of the conclusions drawn by various researchers of cyclic words to date. They have found, among others, a considerable share of borrowings from foreign languages, neologisms and neosemantisms, pointed to a seasonal motivation of the units, and argued that the greatest share in the set belonged to names related to politics, economics, and broadly understood social issues.

About one rare directive formula in the text “Ustav voinskii” of 1716

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Tatyana S. Sadova ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Golovchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article examines the features of the functioning of the structure of duty “povinen + infinitive” on examples of its use in the “Military Regulations” of 1716. In the function of expressing obligation and directiveness, the construction "povinen + infinitive”, according to a number of studies, was borrowed from the Polish language, through the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, at the beginning of the 18th century. Despite the rare use due to high competition with the primordially Russian formulas of the same semantic field, it is consistently used in the texts of the directive orientation of the 18th century, performing certain pragmatic tasks, one of which is the expression of the personal responsibility of the subject of “povinnost” in the military hierarchy having a lower status a modal action object. It is assumed that the extremely rare use of the formula “povinen + infinitive” can be explained by the significant influence of the original semantics of the ‘personal responsibility’ lexeme “povinen”, which depends on the deep content of the wordroot -vin- in Russian, which does not quite coincide with the strictly deontic meaning of ‘obliged, compelled’ contained in the borrowed formula. As a result, by the beginning of the 19th century in business texts the formula “povinen + infinitive” was displaced from use by other modal structures of this functional-semantic field.

The concept of progress and the progress of philosophical vocabulary

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is a response to the arguments by A.L. Nikiforov on the theoretical foundations of the philosophical concept of progress. It focuses on the analysis of the terminological apparatus’ formation within Russian academic philosophy in the 18th century – the time when both Russian science and philosophy emerged. Based on historical material, the author analyses (1) two possible ways of development of philosophical terminology in Russian language; (2) the general position of the Russian language in science and its prospects; (3) the possibility of assessing the changes that have taken place with the philosophical language during this period in the framework of the progressive paradigm. The author identifies the criteria for which the process of the formation of philosophical terminology can be characterized as progressive for Russian philosophy and the Russian language as a whole.

Books of the 18th century in the collection of the Tambov regional universal scientific library named after A.S. Pushkin

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin ◽  
Aleksey G. Topilsky ◽  
Lyudmila N. Patrina
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
System Information ◽  
Basic Research Project

We analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of the book collection of the civil press of the 18th century, which are in the collection of the Tambov regional universal library named after A.S. Pushkin (hereinafter TRUL). The relevance of the work is connected with the need to restore an objective picture of the creation and functioning of manor libraries of the late 18th century as an element of the cultural environment. The implementation of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project allowed showing the world of the Tambov book of the 18th century in all its diversity. The novelty of the work lies in a system approach to the study of the array of books in Russian and foreign languages of pre-revolutionary libraries of the Russian province. We consider Tambov collections of foreign books of the 18th century, system information of which is currently absent in historiography and appears only as separate mentions in the works of local historians. The work with the existing repertoire of the library showed the key importance of Derzhavin library for the formation of modern Tambov collections of rare books of the 18th century. It is shown that the main array of the identified publications reflects the products of the Capital printing houses of the 18th century. The variety of thematic composition of the revealed collections is demonstrated. Among these collections of TRUL books there are publications on history, literature, philosophy, religion and natural sciences. The research proves that the study of the composition of the book collections of civil press of the 18th century gives important information for the study of book culture of the Tambov province, allows to analyze the appearance of the book works in the region and to find out the degree of attention to foreign and Russian media. Also it allows to detect the role of the book in the structure of cultural environment.

scholarly journals Wpływ zmian społecznych i kulturowych na etykietę językową początków doby nowopolskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Anita Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Polish Language

The influence of social and cultural changes on the language etiquette at the beginning of the modern Poland ageThe aim of the article is to indicate the most important modifications in the Polish language etiquette that were conditioned by social and cultural changes which can be observed from the mid-18th century till the 1860s. What became visible in this period was the crisis of values typical of Sarmatism, which, as aconsequence, led to the disappearance of acts of language etiquette characteristic of the noble sociolect and the emergence of new polite forms. The corpus of the studied texts includes: letters, diaries, memoirs, dramas and novels. Such aselected language material allows for the examination of both written and oral polite forms, as well as it displays their formal and functional changeability in as broad social and cultural context as possible. The analysis of the collected material allows to state that the first century of the modern Poland age was the time of the fundamental changes in the Polish lan­guage etiquette. As much as the middle Poland age was the period of the enrichment of the structures, in the examined period there was aclear tendency to simplify and individualize them.

scholarly journals Z zagadnień leksyki ekspresywnej – pilch

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Renata Kucharzyk
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Language ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Polish Language

From the issues of expressive lexis – pilchThe object of this article is the description and interpretation of the semantic development of the pilch lexeme. In its basic meaning this word means a mammal from the Gliridae family. Pilch has already been known in pre-Slavic language and is also confirmed in the historical dictionaries of the Polish language. The historical material documents only the zoological meaning of the lexeme, while in the local dialects one can observe the semantic development of this unit. Pilch, next to indicating various animals, occurs also as a word describing 1. a mean person 2. a bad-natured person, 3. little child. Pilch is an interesting example of a lexical unit that primarily denominates an animal but which extended its meaning and became a personal expressivism as a result of connotations occurring in the folk culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document