scholarly journals Comperative aspect of terms „image”, „recording” and „dissemination” in view of art. 23 of Civil Code and art. 81 of Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights and art. 191a of the Criminal Code

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Karolina Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Image Recording

The terms „image”, „recording” and „dissemination” are presented in art. 191a of the Criminal Code. However, the source of these phrases derives from civil law, especially art. 23 of Civil Code and art. 81 of Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights. The article author makes a comparison of these terms in view of different legal orders (criminal law order and civil law order). The purpose of such a comparative study is to show differences and similarities in the range of designatums of analyzed terms. Furthermore, this article indicates “the most effective” structure of analyzed expressions on the grounds of law in action.

Proprietatea în dreptul penal roman. Mijloace de protecție, noțiune și obiect

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Valerian Cioclei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Property Right ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
International Conventions

The property right is guaranteed by the Romanian Constitution and by the international conventions, especially by the European Convention of Human Rights. Concretely, the Civil Code protects the property right. In a subsidiary manner, after the constitutional, conventional and civil law, the criminal law also ensures the protection of property. This brief article will reveal the means in which such protection is ensured within the Romanian Criminal Code, as well as the concept and the object of such criminal protection.

scholarly journals Hubungan Hukum Dokter dan Pasien Serta Tanggung Jawab Dokter Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Yussy A. Mannas
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Medical Disputes ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Consequences

Abstract:The emergence rights and obligations as a result of legal relationship between doctors and patients could potentially trigger a dispute between doctors and patients or medical disputes. In an effort to avoid or reduce medical disputes, it is necessary to understand the construction of the legal relationship between doctor and patient. From this legal relationship which will result legal actions and gave rise to legal consequences. In a legal effect, it can’t be separated is about who is responsible, as far as what responsibility can be given. It describes that relationship and the patient's physician if constructed, it can be divided based on two factors; transaction of therapeutic and act. In relation patient - physician based therapeutic, known as therapeutic relationship or transaction therapeutic, there is a binding between patients and physicians in the treatment of the disease or treatment. Engagements happens is inspanningsverbintennis and not resultaatsverbintennis, and must comply with the provisions of Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The relationship between doctor and patient is based on the Act - legislation occurred under Article 1354 of the Civil Code, which formulates zaakwaarneming. Legal relationship that occurs by two things above give rise to legal liability for doctors, the responsibility in the field of disciplinary law, criminal law, civil law and administrative law.Keywords: Doctor, Patient and Legal Relationship.Abstrak:Munculnya hak dan kewajiban sebagai akibat hubungan hukum antara dokter dan pasien berpotensi memicu terjadinya sengketa antara dokter dengan pasien atau sengketa medik. Dalam upaya menghindari atau mengurangi sengketa medik yang terjadi, maka perlu dipahami mengenai konstruksi hubungan hukum antara dokter dengan pasien. Dari hubungan hukum inilah yang akan melahirkan perbuatan hukum dan menimbulkan adanya akibat hukum. Dalam suatu akibat hukum, hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan adalah mengenai siapa yang bertanggung jawab, sejauh apa tanggung jawab dapat diberikan. Dalam tulisan ini diuraikan bahwa hubungan dokter dan pasien ini jika dikonstruksikan maka dapat dibagi berdasarkan dua hal, yaitu transaksi terapeutik dan undang-undang. Pada hubungan pasien- dokter berdasarkan terapeutik, dikenal hubungan terapeutik atau transaksi terapeutik, yaitu terjadi suatu ikatan antara pasien dan dokter dalam hal pengobatan atau perawatan penyakitnya. Perikatan yang terjadi ialah inspanningsverbintennis dan bukan resultaatsverbintennis, dan harus memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Hubungan dokter dan pasien berdasarkan undang–undang terjadi berdasarkan Pasal 1354 KUHPerdata yang merumuskan tentang zaakwaarneming. Hubungan hukum yang terjadi oleh dua hal diatas menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum bagi dokter, yaitu tanggung jawab dalam bidang hukum, hukum pidana, hukum perdata dan hukum administrasi.Kata Kunci: Dokter, Pasien dan Hubungan Hukum. 

scholarly journals MODERN LEGISLATION REGULATING STATUS OF LEGAL ENTITY

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
K. S. Zhylkichieva ◽  
A. A. Kalybaeva ◽  
G. Zh. Koshokova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
General Regulation ◽  
Legal Entities

The article analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the statements of Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «About Normative Legal Acts of the Kyrgyz Republic», the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «On the Regulations of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic» and the works of the legal scholars. It examined the provisions of laws adopted for general regulation and concludes they are serious problems, because of them there is a "blurring" of the contour of the legislation on legal entities in the article. The publication supports the opinion of the authors of the Concept for Development, according to which the regulation of the status of legal entities in the civil legal field can be characterized by a set of the laws and regula-tions in force in the Kyrgyz Republic, which do not always correspond to each other, as well as to the Civil Code. The low legal and technical level and ineffectiveness in practice are also shown by some adopted laws. It noted the Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, adopted on May 8, 1996, created the new foundation for the regulation of legal entities, which was supplemented by many new laws over the next decades in the article. The authors come to the conclusion the fairly honest assessment can be applied to the established regulation – that with the main vector of development of the Concept of Civil Legislation in Kyrgyzstan, in general, there is an economic, social and well-grounded the logic and generally justifiable modern civil law in relation to legal entities. But at the same time, for many problems, correct solutions have not yet been found and no efficiency ratings have been given.

scholarly journals PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DOKTER TERHADAP TINDAKAN MALPRAKTIK MEDIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Apsari Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
National Legislation

Medical malpractice remains a problem in health that has not been clearly regulated in a national legislation. But the elements are already contained in Act No. 36 of 2009 on Health which includes criminal law enforcement, administration and civil law. In the perspective of civil law a medical malpractice is an unlawful act conduct that complies with the provisions of The Civil Code. This research based on normative juridical method within primary dan secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the lawsuit of unlawful act (onrechtamtige daad) in medical malpractice is regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code with elements :  1) the patient must experience a tort; 2) there are errors or missions (in addition to individuals, hospitals may have duty for errors or missions); 3) there are causal between tort and error; 4) The act is unlawful. In addition, the responsibility of the unlawful act against the medical malpractice ased on Article 1365 of the Civil Code is can be material and immaterial compensation that have a related between errors and torts.

scholarly journals About exposers of corruption and criminal law

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Volovymyr Shablystyy
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
False Information ◽  
Strong Belief ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
False Report ◽  
Corruption Prevention ◽  
First Time

Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and other laws on corruption exposers, especially their right to remuneration for reporting corruption, have been considered. The problem of existence of other violations of the Law of Ukraine "On Corruption Prevention" for which no criminal, administrative, disciplinary and / or civil liability has been established and for which the exposer can report has been identified. The author has emphasized that if it is not proved that the exposer made a knowingly false report, then the person suspected of something does not even have the opportunity to defend his/her honor and dignity in court. He has assumed that for the first time at the level of law the form of guilt of the exposer is indicated, which does not exist - unintentional communication of inaccurate information by the exposer. It has been proved that the legislator's disregard for the principles of criminal law and the rules of legislative technique lead to a constant scholastic update of anti-corruption legislation. Failure to take into account the grounds and principles of criminalization of dangerous acts makes amendmets to the Criminal Code of Ukraine "stillborn", no matter how many exposers report them in case of their internal strong belief in the presence of signs of corruption or corruption-related offenses. It has been alleged that the exposer may not expect a remuneration for reporting false information in any case. Illegal enrichment cannot and will never be a corruption crime, it is the result of committing truly corrupt crimes, and therefore the exposer may not expect a reward again. To eliminate these contradictions, the author has proposed in Note 2 to Art. 45 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to determine the list of crimes related to corruption, and to make the person of the exposer responsible at least in part of the apology for the disclosure of information that has not been confirmed by the court. To implement such proposals, not only forensic scholars should be invited to the discussion, but also experts in the field of administrative responsibility, labor and civil law and procedure.

scholarly journals Pengaturan Sanksi Pidana Bagi Pelaku Pembakaran Hutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Sang Bagus Nyoman Wahyuda Putra ◽  
I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha ◽  
Luh Putu Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
Regulation Scheme ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Statutory Regulation

The base burning which is getting more and more massive every year in the archipelago because of the large number of land clearing by burning forests. For this reason, the burning of the widening of the plinth can cause natural destruction to disturb the fitness of the residents, to be quietly located, and to obtain a good and fit nature of life, which is the feasibility of such citizens as voiced in Article 28 h paragraph (I) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal arrangements for forest burning agents and to know the criminal sanctions for forest fire offenders. The method used in the preparation of this research is a normative legal study using a problem study using a legal basis that applies to laws and regulations contained in the literature. The method used for the following research is juridical normative, analytical descriptive in nature, and using the statutory regulation scheme, the executor of the scorching action of bases and land that continuously carries out scorching grounds should be carried out under criminal law, civil law in the form of penalties and administrative law takes the form of abolishing the business permit management permit. Law Number 41 Year 1999 Law Number 19 Year 2004 regarding Reason, Law Number 32 Year 2009 regarding Environmental Protection and Management, Civil Code, Criminal Code and Legal Code The administration, in fact, is unable to make a sense of the craving for the executors of the crime of burning forests and land who carry out scorching of bases and land because there is still a problem of burning the base.

scholarly journals Parameter Menentukan Perbuatan Wanprestasi Dan Penipuan Dari Suatu Perjanjian

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Azhari Ar Azhari Ar
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
The Future

Agreement is made legally binding for the makers and the parties are obliged to fulfill it. In the practice of daily life, it is not uncommon for contract actors who do not carry out their obligations; they are being prosecuted by creditors through criminal law by referring to article 378 of the Criminal Code so that there seems to be a similarity between the default legal figure and fraud in an agreement, whereas in the regulation both of these are governed by different laws. Default is regulated in the Civil Code while fraud is regulated in the Criminal Code. The problem in this paper is what is the parameter or measure to determine the legal acts of default and criminal act of fraud.Distinguishing parameter between default and fraud is on the default which is seen from the objective and subjective factors of good faith, while the criminal act of fraud is motivated by evil intentions (mens rea) to have an object (items) belonging to someone else with the parameters of subjective and objective elements. In the future, law practitioners and academics should be able to separate explicitly to settle dispute agreements that contain defaults and criminal act of fraud.

scholarly journals Translation Methods Applied to Approach the Incongruity of Terms in Polish and British Criminal Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-230
Author(s):  
Anna Kizińska
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
English Language ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Law Texts

Summary The research analyses incongruent Polish and British criminal law terms. British terms are the names of legal institutions characteristic of three independent legal systems: of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. The Polish terms that have been discussed come from the Polish Criminal Code Act of 6 June 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997 No. 88 item 553). Moreover, they are legal terms pursuant to their interpretation by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The English equivalents under analysis have appeared in four Polish Criminal Code translations into English. The research aims at a verification of whether or not the classification of translation methods applied in the Polish-English translation of incongruent succession and family law terms (called civil law terms) (Kizińska, 2015, p. 175–178) encompasses translation methods used in the process of translation of incongruent law terms characteristic of criminal law into English. In the paper the translation method is interpreted according to the definition by Hejwowski (2004, p. 76). In the theoretical part of the paper the following linguistic phenomena have been presented: a term (by Zmarzer & Lukszyn, 2001, p. 9) and incongruity of terms (by Šarčević, 1989, p. 278). In the initial stage of the analysis the definitions of a given Polish term and its suggested equivalents have been compared. Next, the appearance of a given equivalent in the sources of British law texts as well as the English language has been checked to determine the translation methods used while forming a given equivalent. Finally, the list of translation methods applied has been drafted, to conclude, among other things, that the translation methods presented in the above-mentioned typology of translation methods applied in the translation of incongruent civil law terms from Polish into English are to be determined as exclusively primary or secondary.

scholarly journals EXECUTIVE IMPLEMENTATION BY DEBT COLLECTOR AGAINST FIDUSIAN OBJECT GUARANTEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Nurmin K Martam
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Consumer Finance ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Funding Institution ◽  
Study Case ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Formulation Of Problems

Multi - finance institutions in Indonesia are better if the indicator is the number of consumer finance in Indonesia in the last few years. The growth of consumer financing can be seen from all the convenience given by the multi finance. The factor that dominates the forced withdrawal of Fiduciary Guarantee is the existence of problem loans. This problem is al most certainly experienced by any consumer financing institution. The problems discussed in this research are about how the implementation of execution of fiduciary guarantee in the settlement credit toward four wheels (car) The formulation of problems related to with the withdrawal of vehicles accompanied by violence that is: How about the collection of arrangement or confiscation of a motor vehicle that carried out by debt collector against a debtor non-performing loans, Do factors for the act of violence carried out by debt collector, How a settlement effort the act of violence carried out by debt collector in terms of the aspect of criminal law. This research is classified as the kind of research juridical normative , study legislation as criminal code and civil law, Regulation president of the Republic Indonesia No. 9 of 2009 about Funding Institution, the act of No. 42 of 1999 about Fiduciary Security, Minister of Finance Regulation No. 130/PMK.010/2012 about Registration Fiduciary for Financing Company, this research also is study case that is focus self intensively on an object particular and learn that as a case. Arrangement about the collection of vehicles stipulated in a financing with fiduciary security contained in the act of fiduciary security number 42 of 1999 And also minister of finance regulation No 130/PMK. 010/2012

La nueva perspectiva de la tutela del error en el moderno derecho de los contratos

2014 ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Rocío Herrera Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Contract Law

Premio de artículos jurídicos «GARCÍA GOYENA» (Curso 2013-2014). Primer accésit Todos los ordenamientos jurídicos europeos prevén normas relativas a la ineficacia de los contratos por vicios del consentimiento, sin embargo, existen entre ellos diferencias bastante significativas, especialmente cuando se comparan el Common Law y los derechos continentales. El presente estudio comparado parte del tratamiento de esta cuestión en la regulación española y se centra en las propuestas que el moderno Derecho de la contratación proporciona en materia de vicios del consentimiento, con particular atención a la figura del error, así como en el Derecho anglosajón, por su eventual influencia en la regulación de estos instrumentos. De manera muy amplia, podríamos decir que el Common Law enfatiza la seguridad de las transacciones, mientras que los sistemas del Civil Law, quizás todavía marcados por las huellas de las llamadas teorías voluntaristas, son más transigentes en permitir la ineficacia de los contratos por defectos del consentimiento. Partiendo de esta premisa, intentaremos evidenciar que las soluciones brindadas por el Derecho anglosajón y los diferentes instrumentos de unificación para la determinación de los efectos jurídicos del error son muy similares. Asimismo, en este trabajo se defiende la tesis de la obsolescencia del Código Civil español en esta materia, y la consecuente necesidad de adaptación del mismo a la actual realidad social, a través de un propósito de homogeneización del Derecho contractual europeo. Para ello, igualmente estudiaremos la Propuesta de modernización del Código civil en materia de obligaciones y contratos, cuya regulación del error, en particular, merece ser objeto de estudio y confrontación de ideas.The legal systems of all european countries provide rules regarding the inefficacy of contracts due to defects of consent, however, there are very significant differences between them, with the deepest differences when Common law and continental systems are contrasted. The present comparative study focuses on the proposals that the modern contract law (PECL, Unidroit Principles, DCFR, CESL) provides with regard to defects of consent and, particularly, to the doctrine of mistake, as well as the Common law for its eventual influence on the regulation of these projects. Very generally, we could say that Common Law emphasizes the security of transactions, while Civil law systems, perhaps still under the impact of the eroded voluntarist theories, are more generous in allowing the inefficacy of contracts due to defects consent. Given these premises, we will try to evidence that the solutions provided by the Common law and the different unifying instruments in order to determinate the legal effect of the defects of consent are very similar. Furthermore, this survey defends the thesis of obsolescence of the spanish Civil Code respecting defects of consent, and the ensuing need for adapting it to the current social reality through a purpose of homogenization of european contract law. Due to this fact, we will also study the Proposal for the modernization of the Civil Code on obligations and contracts, whose regulation of defects of consent, particularly, diserves to be analyzed.

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