scholarly journals LE BERBERE DANS LES TEXTES JURIDIQUES ALGERIENS. ANALYSE DES PRATIQUES DISCURSIVES. APPROCHES DISCURSIVE ET JURILINGUISTIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Ramdane BOUKHERROUF

Our contribution consists in analyzing the discursive practices of the three Algerian constitutional texts (1996, 2002, and 2016) dedicated to the constititionalisation of the Amazigh language. It is about showing and putting in evidence, through a textual and pragmatic analysis of these texts, the status and the definition that has been scattered over the national territory. To carry out our analysis, we will mainly appeal to the field of jurilinguistics. Moreover, the Amazigh language is defined in the constitution as a set of certified varieties throughout the national territory.

Author(s):  
Kuravska N.Yu. ◽  
Tykha U.I.

Purpose. The article deals with the studying of semantics of menace as the means of expression of volitive modality. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence, semantic structure, functional and semantic specificity of menace; to analyze a menace situation in the system of its components, to examine the means of its expression in modern Ukrainian fiction.Methods. We have used method of theoretical and conceptual analysis for critical analysis of concepts available in Ukrainian and foreign linguistics regarding menace, method of continuous fixation of menace utterances from the texts of modern Ukrainian fiction, descriptive method and method of internal interpretation to establish differential features of menace, methods of semantic and functional-pragmatic analysis to characterize the functional-semantic features of menace and the means of its expression in modern Ukrainian fiction, method of contextual analysis, which assumes the existence of some context in which we study and analyze the semantics of menace.Results. The essence, semantic and functional peculiarity of menace compared to other modal manifestations is determined. Menace is a complicated linguistic phenomenon. Its origin is connected with the necessity of representation of the modal meaning of threat. Menace is a special type of volitive modality that realizes semantics of threat by a complex of different means. Menace is characterized by the independence of semantic structure, functional, communicative and pragmatic specificity, diversity of structural types. The peculiarities of the Ukrainian language in semantic and grammar meaning are also indicated.Conclusions. Menace is a mitigatory type of volitive modality, aimed at satisfying the needs, desires and interests of the speaker, and menace utterances are characterized by freedom of choice of the addressee, as he/she makes a decision as to the fulfillment of the action which is beneficial to the addresser. In a menace situation, the status of participants in the communicative process is not significant, and the action is performed by the addressee; menace utterances can be used both in formal and informal situations, they are initiative and normative. Verbal (lexical-semantic, morphological, syntactic) and non-verbal means are used to express menace, that prove and demonstrate illocutionary power of threat.Key words: menace modality, menace semantics, menace, menace utterance, menace situation, menace meaning. Мета. Стаття присвячена вивченню семантики менасива як засобу вираження модальності волевиявлення. Метою стат-ті є розкриття сутності менасива, визначення його семантичної структури і функціонально-семантичної специфіки; розгляд менасивної ситуації в системі її складників; аналіз різнорівневих засобів вираження менасива в художніх текстах сучасної української мови.Методи. У статті використано метод теоретико-концептуального аналізу для критичного аналізу концепцій, наявних в українському й зарубіжному мовознавстві стосовно менасива, метод суцільної фіксації менасивних висловлень із художніх текстів сучасної української мови, описовий метод із використанням прийому внутрішньої інтерпретації для встановлення диференційних ознак менасива, методики функціонально-семантичного й функціонально-прагматичного аналізу для харак-теристики функціонально-семантичних особливостей менасива та засобів його вираження в художніх текстах сучасної укра-їнської мови, а також для дослідження менасива в дії, у процесі його функціонування, метод контекстуального аналізу, який передбачає наявність деякого контексту, у якому вивчаємо й аналізуємо семантику менасива.Результати. У статті розкрито сутність, семантичну й функціональну своєрідність менасива на тлі інших модальних виявів. З’ясовано, що менасив є складним лінгвістичним явищем, виникнення якого пов’язане з необхідністю оформлення одного з видів модальних значень, а саме значення погрози. Визначено, що менасив є особливим типом волевиявлення, що реалізує семантику погрози сукупністю різнорівневих засобів. З’ясовано, що для менасива характерні незалежність семан-тичної структури, функціональна, комунікативна і прагматична специфіка, різноманітність структурних типів. У статті також показано специфіку української мови в семантико-граматичному сенсі.Висновки. Автори статті дійшли висновку, що менасив є одним із типів модальності пом’якшеного волевиявлення, спря-мований на задоволення потреб, бажань та інтересів мовця, а для менасивних висловлень характерна наявність свободи вибо-ру в адресата, оскільки він ухвалює рішення про виконання / невиконання дії, яка є бенефактивною для адресанта. У менасив-ній ситуації статус учасників комунікативного процесу несуттєвий, а каузовану дію виконує адресат; менасивні висловлення можуть уживати як в офіційній, так і в неофіційній обстановці, вони є ініціативними й нормативними. Для вираження мена-сива використовують вербальні (лексико-семантичні, морфологічні, синтаксичні) і невербальні засоби, які засвідчують і вияв-ляють іллокутивну силу погрози.Ключові слова: менасивність, менасивна модальність, менасивна семантика, менасив, менасивне висловлення, менасив-на ситуація, менасивне значення.


2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chiou

The paper investigates the problems related to futurity and modality in modern Greek. The discussion of Greek temporal future expressions is conducted with reference to relevant literature from the areas of English linguistics, cognitive studies and pragmatics. The focus is on the status of future-oriented expressions and the question whether they are primarily epistemic in nature, whether they are tense-based, or modality-based. It is argued that the future tense in Greek has a modal semantic base conveying epistemic modality and that the preferred future prospective reading is a pragmatic development of the semantic modal base. The author further suggests that the future reading is a kind of presumptive meaning which follows from the neo-Gricean Principle of Informativeness, known as the I-principle (Levinson 2000) being a generalised interpretation which does not depend on contextual information.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
Marianna Patrona

This article examines the discourse practices of Greek journalism on mainstream commercial prime-time news. The article draws on data from Greek prime-time news and political current affair programmes over a 15-year period (from the early 2000s to date). By focusing on discourse and conversation analysis of journalistic talk in the studio, it will be shown that shifting discursive practices already in place long before the onset of the financial crisis that has afflicted Greece since 2010 have endowed Greek journalism with the discursive entitlements (or ‘frame space’) to challenge and hold politicians to account, in principle, allowing for more democratic journalistic gatekeeping. In reality, however, these same practices have created the conditions for an epistemological upgrading of opinion to the status of factual news reporting, in fact proposing ‘conversation as news’. These conversational practices have facilitated the Greek media’s role in shaping public opinion while allowing for the ideological manipulation of audiences.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Sapunov ◽  
A. A. Polonnikov

The paper focuses on the analysis of ontological, epistemological and pedagogical terms of changes in education, first of all – on the status of an academic subject. From the ontological perspective, they are related to transfer from “object” ontology to communication-and-activity one, in terms of epistemological approach – from naturalism to transcendentalism, whereas with regard to pedagogical perspective – from autocratic-disciplinary organization of the academic process to a student-oriented pattern. The first part of the article describes academic subject’s functions in the process of educational reproduction. An academic subject is interpreted not so much from the perspective of the knowledge it contains, but as a complex linguistic code which organizes and regulates educational interaction. Its basics and structure, a mechanism of constituting educational reality are described, as well as the design specifics that hamper changes in education. The authors dwell on the distinction between an academic and scholarly subject. Part two of the article contains criticism of an academic subject practice in the university education. The central event here is attributed to differentiation and diversification of the form of academic subject, disintegration of its integrity into local autonomous linguistic fields. The conclusion formulates the idea how to overcome an academic subject crisis, which heart is discursive transformation of its representation practice. Based on Gilles Deleuze’s ideas, the authors consider the transformation of discursive practices in which an academic subject is embodied to be the condition for education change.


2019 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Zahnitko

 Levels of objective grammar: Noun morphology of difference in discourse practicesThe article analyzes the morphological level of objective grammar with support for discursive practices artistic and fi ction, epistolary, as well as the definition of the status of difference in the functional imposition of objective morphological forms. The peculiarities of the influence of the speech and society environment, of the time-time updatings and of the communicative-intentional instructions on the dynamics of the morphological form and its modification are established. The ratio of paradigmatic motivation and paradigm-unmotivated noun-morphological form, modification of the latter in some discursive practices is differentiated.Уровни объективной грамматики: субстантивная морфология инакости в дискурсивных практикахВ статье осуществлена квалификация морфологического уровня объективной грамматики с опорой на дискурсивные практики художественно-беллетристической, эпистолярной, а также статуса инакости в функциональной нагрузке объективных морфологических форм. Установлены особенности влияния речевого социумного окружения, арреально-временных актуализаторов и коммуникативно-интенциональных установок на динамику морфологической формы и ее видоизменения. Дифференцировано соотношение парадигматической мотивированности и парадигматической немотивированности субстантивно-морфологической формы, видоизменения последней в отдельных дискурсивных практиках.


Afrika Focus ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Abderrahman El Aissati

A socio-historical perspective on the Amazigh (Berber) Cultural Movement in North Africa North Africa has known various colonizations which in contact with indigenous ones have given the area a special character. One continuing presence since antiquity is that of the Berbers, or the Imazighen, the indigenous population of the area. In this article an attempt is made to shed light on the status of the language and culture of the Imazighen, and in particular on the recent calls for official recognition of the Amazigh language in the constitutions of the two countries with the highest presence of Imazighen, namely Morocco and Algeria. Although some recent developments, like the teaching of the Amazigh language in primary schools, give reason enough to be optimistic about the future of the indigenous language and culture, a closer look at the ideological background of pan Arab-nationalists casts doubts on any serious government intentions to guarantee the maintenance and development of the Amazigh language and culture. This ideology will be brought to light by contrasting the constitutional rights that some Muslim and/or African countries grant to their citizens who speak different languages than the official one(s).


Afrika Focus ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahman El Aissati

North Africa has known various colonizations which in contact with indigenous ones have given the area a special character. One continuing presence since antiquity is that of the Berbers, or the Imazighen, the indigenous population of the area. In this article an attempt is made to shed light on the status of the language and culture of the Imazighen, and in particular on the recent calls for official recognition of the Amazigh language in the constitutions of the two countries with the highest presence of Imazighen, namely Morocco and Algeria. Although some recent developments, like the teaching of the Amazigh language in primary schools, give reason enough to be optimistic about the future of the indigenous language and culture, a closer look at the ideological background of pan Arab-nationalists casts doubts on any serious government intentions to guarantee the maintenance and development of the Amazigh language and culture. This ideology will be brought to light by contrasting the constitutional rights that some Muslim and/or African countries grant to their citizens who speak different languages than the official one(s).Key words: Amazigh identity, Amazigh Language, Berber, culture, linguistic rights, minority languages, pan-Arabism 


Author(s):  
Wahib Touijar

The present study aims at investigating the impact of modernity on the youth culture. Generally, regarding the discernible changes in youth lifestyle, thought, attitudes, and language, it turned out to be paramount to query the driving forces responsible for such changes. Accordingly, this study is intended to inspect three significant issues connected with the topic at stake. First, it reveals how the status of females has changed as reflected in different feminine discursive practices, as well as some differences in the linguistic choices of young males and females and some of their implications. Second, it highlights the role of education in the empowerment of youth and the improvement of their attitudes towards their society. Lastly, it scrutinizes the impact of different social media on youth in the Moroccan context. In order for the study to have a sense of authenticity, a bundle of data was collated and studied in the light of the topic in question.


Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.


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