scholarly journals The Concept of the millet in Turkish dictionaries: Its alteration and the impact on Ottoman Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Maria Pandevska ◽  
Makedonka Mitrova
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

In the 19th century the dictionaries/glossaries represent the first brace which connected different cultures and languages, thus also linking the Orient with the Occident and vice versa. In this context the research is focused on the Turkish dictionaries/glossaries, which for a long time actually represented one of the basic media of transmitting the new Western ideas in the East, and in our case, in the Ottoman Empire. Through the short comparative analyses of these dictionaries/glossaries and their authors (from the 19th century and early 20th century) we follow the change of the cognitive concept of the term millet with the term nation. The case study is focused on Ottoman Macedonia and on the political implications caused by this change of the meaning of the Ottoman term millet.

scholarly journals Racializing Religion: Constructing Colonial Identities in the Syrian Provinces in the Nineteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Delatolla ◽  
Joanne Yao
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Developmental Difference ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Race And Religion

AbstractIn recent decades, international events and incisive critical voices have catapulted the concepts of race and religion to the foreground of International Relations research. In particular, scholars have sought to recover the racialized and imperial beginnings of IR as an academic discipline in the early-20th century. This article contributes to this growing body of work by analyzing both race and religion as conceptual tools of scientific imperial administration—tools that in the 19th century classified and divided the global periphery along a continuum of civilizational and developmental difference. The article then applies this framework to the case of French, and more broadly, European, relations with populations in the Ottoman Empire, particularly within the Syrian Provinces. As described throughout this article and the case study, the Europeans used the language of race to contribute to religious hierarchies in the Syrian provinces in the mid- and late-19th century, having a lasting effect on discussions of religion in IR and international politics.

scholarly journals “Balkans” in Russian Encyclopedic Dictionaries of First Half of 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-355
Author(s):  
K. A. Kasatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The ways of representing the Balkan Peninsula that existed in Russia in the first half of the 19th century are analyzed in the article. The sources for the study were encyclopedic dictionaries of the first half of the 19th century. (A.A. Plyushar, L.I. Zeddeler, A.V. Starchevsky), as well as an unpublished work by I.P. Liprandi “The Experience of the Word Interpreter of the Ottoman Empire”. The author argues that for a long time the Balkan Peninsula was not perceived as a single region with a set of historically deter-mined features. Arguments are presented confirming that certain areas of the peninsula were elements of different discourses. The relationship between the choice of a particular register of descriptions by the authors of the dictionaries and the political affiliation of the described regions of the Balkan Peninsula is shown. The relationship between the choice of a particular register of descriptions by the authors of the dictionaries and the political affiliation of the described regions of the Balkan Peninsula is shown. A special attitude of the authors of encyclopedias to Serbia and Greece, the newly formed states on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, has been established. Examples are given that show the duality of their images in the Russian narrative in the first half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Dominika Gołaszewska-Rusinowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century

This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  

scholarly journals The path of logic in Ukraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
И.В. Хоменко
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of Logic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper traces the development of history of logic in Ukraine in the 19th century and early 20th century. The author particularly discusses and compares the logical concepts of representatives of Kyiv philosophies, who made their contribution to the development of logic as a science and academic discipline. Some of them had sunk into oblivion for a long time and their names are still unknown in the logic community.

7. The impact of Methodism

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
William J. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Successful Schools ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Temperance Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

‘The impact of Methodism’ considers Methodism’s impact on and contribution to social movements, politics, education, and healthcare. Social movements that were deeply influenced by Methodism include the abolition of slavery in the 19th century and the Temperance Movement in the 20th century. The Methodist tradition has always encouraged diversity of judgement in the political arena and Methodists can be found on both the conservative and progressive wings of politics. One of the most important expressions of social holiness in Methodism shows up in its role in education. Methodists founded numerous successful schools and universities around the world. Methodism has also had an impact on popular and high culture.

scholarly journals A contemporary Algerian Girl Tells her Story

1970 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lebanese American University
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
National Liberation Front ◽  
The 19Th Century

A French colony in the 19th century, Algeria was awakened to the ideas of independence in the early 20th century, particularly after the organization of the FLN (National Liberation Front) in 1930. Women were encouraged to participate in the political struggle but the era of independence did not bring them the liberation they expected.

scholarly journals Boundaries or bridges: what should Homeopathy's relationship be with mainstream medicine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Lyn Brierley-Jones
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mainstream Medicine ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

When Samuel Hahnemann devised homoeopathy he constructed multiple arguments that both vehemently supported his new system and criticized the conventional medical practice of his day. At the end of the 19th century when homeopathy had grown within Britain and America, homeopaths failed to make use of some of Hahnemann’s most successful arguments. Instead, homeopaths found themselves lose significant cognitive ground to their long time conventional rivals with the dawn of the 20th century, a ground they have not yet recovered. This paper uses the theoretical framework of Berger and Luckmann to analyse the dynamics of the arguments used against homeopathy and suggests that homeopaths failed to adopt a universalizing medical explanation that was available to them: the reverse action of drugs. Had they used this argument homoeopaths could have explained conventional medicine successes within their own universe of meaning and thus neutralized the impact of conventional on their practice. The implications of these conclusions for the future survival and success of homoeopathy are considered.

scholarly journals Schools and educational centers for American Missionary and their effects on the educational situation in the Ottoman Kurdistan in the nineteenth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-287
Author(s):  
Saman Hussien Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Situation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

After American missionaries arrived to the regions of Ottoman Empire in the beginning of the 19th century and when they started their activities, the Kurds as one of the nations who were living within the Ottoman Empire, attracted the attention of missionaries. Therefore they opened their office in the Kurdish cities and started their activities. As it has been known that most of the activities of American missionaries were intellectual and educational activities, as a result they opened many schools, professional schools and even they established universities in some cities of Kurdistan, many girls and boys studied in these schools. This study is about (American Missionaries’ educational centres in Kurdish cities in Ottoman Empire in 19th century). This study attempts to illustrate the impact of these schools that were established by American Missionaries and how they were operated. This paper is divided into three parts. First part is about the appearance of American missionaries’ activities in the region of Kurdistan. In this part we will try to briefly describe how they came to Kurdish regions and how they worked and what were their activities. The second part is about the American missionaries’ educational centres in Kurdistan. It endeavours to show the educational activities of American missionaries in Kurdistan regions, and then it will illustrate the importance of these educational centres in Kurdistan regions. The third part is about the effect of American missionaries’ educational centres on the situation of education in Kurdistan. It will evaluate the impact of these educational centres on the education in Kurdistan and on the situation of education in Kurdistan.

scholarly journals The Historical Memory of the 1812 War in Lithuania in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries: A Complex Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-97
Author(s):  
Virgilijus Pugačiauskas ◽  
Olga Mastianica-Stankevič
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Discourse ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The 19Th Century

In historiography, significant attention to the memory culture of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe focuses on issues relating to the memory culture of the Franco-Russian War of 1812; however, the case of Lithuania is not commonly analysed separately, thus this article discusses how assessments of the 1812 war were maintained in the historical memory in Lithuania. The Russian government offered the population in the lands of the former GDL its official version of the historical memory of the 1812 war (of a heroic battle against an invader), which contradicted the version this population considered as ‘its own’, experienced as their support for Napoleon and the new political and social prospects they believed he would bring. The Russian government’s censorship of written literature suppressed the spread of the people’s ‘own’ local historical memory, yet it did not prove to be so effective due to the population’s very limited opportunities to use the printed word. Communicative memory dominated in the land in the first half of the 19th century, becoming the main source testifying to and passing on to subsequent generations the actual multifaceted experiences of the 1812 war, including the chance of liberation from the yoke of the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, representatives of local Russian imperial government structures and the local Russian intelligentsia, responding to the 1812 war as a Polish struggle for freedom and a symbol of political independence, explained in academic, educational and popular literature that the hopes of the Poles related to Napoleon were actually unfounded: the French emperor had no intentions of restoring the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth within its historical boundaries, but simply wanted to fill his army units with Polish forces. It was highlighted that this expression of Polish support for Napoleon stopped the Russian imperial government’s potential plans to restore the Poles’ former statehood. This so-called regional narrative which appeared in history textbooks and was used by exacting emotional and visual impact in order to influence the political and cultural provisions of the younger generation had a dual purpose. First, to justify the discriminatory policies against individuals of ‘Polish origins’. Second, to ‘block’ the path for using the 1812 war as a historical argument testifying not just to the common historical past and struggle of Poles and Lithuanians but also their possible political future, which was openly expressed in the Polish national discourse of the early 20th century. Over the course of a hundred years, despite the government’s actions, Poles managed to uphold ‘their own’ historical memory about the 1812 war; its meanings were spread in various forms of media such as fictional literature, museum exhibitions and history textbooks, and were used to shape the political and cultural position of the younger generation. In the Lithuanian national discourse on the other hand, the 1812 war, along with the 1830–1831 and 1863–1864 uprisings, was viewed as a matter concerning the Poles and the Polonised nobility, and it was thus a foreign place of historical memory. The 1812 war and assessments of its potential importance to Lithuanians in the Lithuanian national discourse of the early 20th century were one-off cases and fragmented, while their spread among broader layers of society was limited.

scholarly journals Diplomatical Relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1398-1405
Author(s):  
Shodiyeva Shahlo Saliyevna, Ergashev Jahongir Yunus ugli
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The following article reconsiders the relations between the emirate of Bukhara and Ottoman Empire in the 19th century also the exchange of ambassadors, includes the political cooperation which served to the bilateral relations of both countries. Also, there is an exchange of discourses on the exchange of correspondence between the emirs of Bukhara and the Sultans of the Ottoman empire.

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