scholarly journals Cow cleanliness in dairy herds with tie stall systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Miljan ERBEZ ◽  
Božo VAŽIĆ ◽  
Biljana ROGIĆ ◽  
Knut Egil BØE ◽  
Lars Erik RUUD
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Bedding Materials

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: SL; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study involved 70 tie stall dairy herds from all over Bosnia and Herzegovina. In each herd, trained observers scored the cleanliness (score 1 = clean to score 4 = very dirty) of 5 randomly chosen cows, total 350 cows, on 5 different body parts (rear, thigh, leg, udder and belly). Total cleanliness score was calculated by adding together the scores for the different body parts. The observers also recorded data on stall design, flooring and use of bedding materials. The proportion of cows scored as dirty or very dirty (score 3 and 4) was 33.4 %, 50.8 %, 55.1 %, 16.0 % and 18.6 % for the legs, thighs, rear, udder and belly respectively. 57.4 % of the cows got a total cleanliness score &gt; 10. The mean total cleanliness score on herd level varied from 5.2 to 18.8. Tests of each stall design variable showed that tying system (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">p</em> &lt; 0.05), presence of stall dividers (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">p</em> &lt; 0.05) and manure system (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">p</em> &lt; 0.05) had a significant effect on total cow cleanliness, the use of bedding material (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">p</em> &gt; 0.15) and floor type (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">p</em> &gt; 0.15) had smaller effect. However, only the presence of stall dividers showed significant association to total cleanliness score in the full statistical model (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">p</em> &lt; 0.05).</span>

scholarly journals Indoor climatic status during winter conditions in dairy herds in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Miljan ERBEZ ◽  
Božo VAŽIĆ ◽  
Knut Egil BØE ◽  
Lars Erik RUUD
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recommended Level

The aim of this cross-sectional field study was to describe climatic status in dairy barns during winter conditions both in lowland and in mountainous regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While all the mountain herds had tie-stall systems (MT), eight of the lowland herds had group housing systems (LG) and the remaining 30 herds had tie-stall systems (LT). The mean indoor air temperature (T<sub>i</sub>) was around 10 °C across types of barns and in all herds T<sub>i</sub> was above 0 °C. The mean relative air humidity (RH) was actually highest in the LT-group, but within the recommended level for both LG, LT and MT barns. At the 15 % of the MT barns, 17 % of the LT barns and 38 % of the LG barns the air velocity was &gt; 0.2 m/s. The level of NH<sub>3</sub> was quite low in all groups of barns, although somewhat higher in LT-barns. In none of the barns the level of NH3 exceeded 3 ppm. Only in one barn (a MT-barn) the level of CO<sub>2</sub> exceeded 3000 ppm. We conclude that the climatic status in most dairy barns in Bosnia and Herzegovina during winter seem to be acceptable.

scholarly journals Estimation of Motion and Respiratory Characteristics during the Meditation Practice Based on Video Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3771
Author(s):  
Alexey Kashevnik ◽  
Walaa Othman ◽  
Igor Ryabchikov ◽  
Nikolay Shilov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
The Mean

Meditation practice is mental health training. It helps people to reduce stress and suppress negative thoughts. In this paper, we propose a camera-based meditation evaluation system, that helps meditators to improve their performance. We rely on two main criteria to measure the focus: the breathing characteristics (respiratory rate, breathing rhythmicity and stability), and the body movement. We introduce a contactless sensor to measure the respiratory rate based on a smartphone camera by detecting the chest keypoint at each frame, using an optical flow based algorithm to calculate the displacement between frames, filtering and de-noising the chest movement signal, and calculating the number of real peaks in this signal. We also present an approach to detecting the movement of different body parts (head, thorax, shoulders, elbows, wrists, stomach and knees). We have collected a non-annotated dataset for meditation practice videos consists of ninety videos and the annotated dataset consists of eight videos. The non-annotated dataset was categorized into beginner and professional meditators and was used for the development of the algorithm and for tuning the parameters. The annotated dataset was used for evaluation and showed that human activity during meditation practice could be correctly estimated by the presented approach and that the mean absolute error for the respiratory rate is around 1.75 BPM, which can be considered tolerable for the meditation application.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis of Softball-Related Head and Facial Injuries Treated in United States Emergency Departments, 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596711982566 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Strickland ◽  
Marie Crandall ◽  
Grant R. Bevill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weighted Estimate ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Softball is a popular sport played through both competitive and recreational leagues. While head and facial injuries are a known problem occurring from games, little is known about the frequency or mechanisms by which they occur. Purpose: To analyze head/face injury diagnoses and to identify the mechanisms associated with such injuries. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: A public database was used to query data related to head/facial injuries sustained in softball. Data including age, sex, race/ethnicity, injury diagnosis, affected body parts, disposition, incident location, and narrative descriptions were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 3324 head and face injuries were documented in the database over the time span of 2013 to 2017, resulting in a nationwide weighted estimate of 121,802 head/face injuries occurring annually. The mean age of the players was 21.5 ± 14.4 years; 72.1% of injured players were female, while 27.9% were male. The most common injury diagnoses were closed head injuries (22.0%), contusions (18.7%), concussions (17.7%), lacerations (17.1%), and fractures (15.1%). The overwhelming majority of injuries involved being struck by a ball (74.3%), followed by colliding with another player (8.3%), colliding with the ground or a fixed object (5.0%), or being struck by a bat (2.8%). For those injuries caused by a struck-by-ball incident, most occurred from defensive play (83.7% were fielders struck by a hit or thrown ball) as opposed to offensive play (12.3% were players hit by a pitch or runners struck by a ball). Although helmet usage was poorly tracked in the database, female players (1.3%) were significantly more likely to have been wearing a helmet at the time of injury than were male players (0.2%) ( P = .002). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that a large number of head and face injuries occur annually within the United States as a result of softball play. A variety of injuries were observed, with the majority involving defensive players being struck by the ball, which highlights the need for more focus on player safety by stronger adherence to protective headgear usage and player health monitoring.

Bounds on the mean recurrence time of subclinical epidemics in dairy herds

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Robson ◽  
R.F. Kahrs ◽  
J.A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Discussion of Identification, Estimation and Approximation of Risk under Interventions that Depend on the Natural Value of Treatment Using Observational Data, by Jessica Young, Miguel Hernán, and James Robins

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. van der Laan ◽  
Alexander R. Luedtke ◽  
Iván Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Estimation Problem ◽  
Target Parameter ◽  
Adaptive Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Data Adaptive ◽  
Statistical Estimation Problem

AbstractYoung, Hernán, and Robins consider the mean outcome under a dynamic intervention that may rely on the natural value of treatment. They first identify this value with a statistical target parameter, and then show that this statistical target parameter can also be identified with a causal parameter which gives the mean outcome under a stochastic intervention. The authors then describe estimation strategies for these quantities. Here we augment the authors’ insightful discussion by sharing our experiences in situations where two causal questions lead to the same statistical estimand, or the newer problem that arises in the study of data adaptive parameters, where two statistical estimands can lead to the same estimation problem. Given a statistical estimation problem, we encourage others to always use a robust estimation framework where the data generating distribution truly belongs to the statistical model. We close with a discussion of a framework which has these properties.

scholarly journals SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 2: EFFECT OF SPRAY LANCE TYPE

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cerruto ◽  
Giuseppe Emma ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Internal Layer ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in a greenhouse with full developed tomato plants to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using handheld high pressure spray lances and when walking backwards during treatments. Two spray lance types (conventional with one nozzle and Yamaho C-6 with two steel nozzles, each with two orifices) and two working pressures (10 and 20 bar) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with two factors (spray lance and pressure) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates ranged from 775 up to 1252 L/ha, but all data were normalised to 1000 L/ha. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two spray lances and the two working pressures. However, the higher pressure improved significantly the deposit into the internal layer of the canopy (+57%), whereas the Yamaho C-6 spray lance produced a higher deposit on the external layer at any pressure. The greatest differences between external and internal layer were mainly concentrated in the middle and high parts of the canopy, where there were 55 007_Cerruto(557)_49 18-11-2009 11:59 Pagina 55 the highest values of LAI and number of foliar layers. The fraction of the applied volume rate on the ground was on average 25 percent and it was affected only by the pressure value: it increased from 21.7 to 28.7 percent when the pressure increased from 10 to 20 bar, due mainly to the contribution of the conventional spray lance under the sprayed twin-rows. Finally, neither pressure nor spray lance type affected significantly the dermal operator exposure. Upper limbs accounted for 51 percent of the total exposure, while trunk and lower limbs accounted for 24 percent each. The body parts more exposed were the left arm and the hands, but also relatively high was the deposit on the respirator, so operators should ever wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Modelling Bark Thickness of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Jusuf Musić ◽  
Velid Halilović ◽  
Jelena Knežević ◽  
Admir Avdagić ◽  
Aida Ibrahimspahić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Actual Method

Background and Purpose: Bark thickness and its share in the volume of roundwood are the most important characteristics of the bark, particularly in the process of timber harvesting, and during scaling of processed logs. Therefore it is very important to have at disposal relatively accurate data regarding these characteristics of bark for particular tree species. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the thickness of the bark and its share in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the area of the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and it encompassed 393 trees of Norway spruce from 10 cm to 115 cm of thickness at breast height. Measuring of the mean diameter and double thickness of bark was conducted by section method. In total, 4,647 diameters and bark thicknesses were measured in different relative lengths of stems or in average 10.6 measurements per one stem. Results: As an optimal model for the evaluation of double thickness of the bark of Norway spruce depending on mean diameter of roundwood the function with designated determination coefficient of 0.7142 was selected. The obtained results have confirmed the previously defined relations of investigate characteristics, which are as following: a) with the increase of mean diameter of roundwood (section) double bark thickness is increased from 9.26 mm (thickness class 12.5 cm) to 31.65 mm (thickness class 92.5 cm); b) with the increase of mean diameter of roundwood the share of bark in its volume decreased from 14.26% (thickness class 12.5 cm) to 6.73% (thickness class 92.5 cm). Conclusions: By the actual method of estimating bark thickness or the share of bark in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce in the forestry of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina a significant error was created which increases with the increase of mean diameter. The obtained results point to the necessity of investigation of these bark characteristics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and represent an inevitable starting point for making adequate tables of bark thickness and its percentage share in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Northeast Bosnia and Herzegovina and patients length of hospitalization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Trnacevic ◽  
Amer Mujkanovic ◽  
Noura Al-Salloum ◽  
Amra Sakusic ◽  
Emir Trnacevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elevated Creatinine ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Abstract Background Since outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic clinical data from various parts of the world have been reported, until now there has been no provide data from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) about COVID-19. Aim was to report on the first cohort of patients from B&H and to analyze clinical factors of COVID-19 patients that influence the length of hospitalization. Methods Retrospective cohort study conducted at UKC Tuzla. The study included 25 COVID-19 positive patients that were hospitalized between March 28th and April 27th 2020. The LOH was measured from the time of admission to discharge. Hospitalization greater than 10 days was considered as prolonged. Factors analyzed induced age, BMI, comorbidities, serum creatinine and oxygen saturation upon admission.Results The mean age was 52.92±19.15 years and BMI 28.80±4.22. LOH for patients with normal BMI was 9±SE2.646 days (CI 95% 3.814-14.816) vs 14.182 ±SE .937 (CI 95% 12.346-16.018; p<0.05) for ≥25 BMI. Patients without underlying diseases had a LOH of 11.70 ±SE1.075 (CI 95% 9.592-13.808), while those with comorbidities 14.8 ±SE1.303 (CI95% 12.247-17.353; p<0.05). Conclusion LOH varied among COVID-19 patients and was prolonged when clinical characteristics such as elevated BMI, comorbidities, elevated creatinine and low oxygen saturation levels were taken into consideration. Furthermore, risk factors for COVID-19 patients in B&H do not deviate from data reported in other countries.

scholarly journals Ethologische Untersuchungen zur Beschäftigung von Ebern in Besamungsstationen mit Stroh

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-574
Author(s):  
S. Rohrmann ◽  
S. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Infrared Video ◽  
The Mean ◽  
X 24

Abstract. Title of the paper: Ethological investigations on occupation with the bedding of boars in Artificial Insemination stations Continuous video recordings with infrared video technique and computer supported analysis with OBSERVER program took place with 78 Piétrain boars in three A.I. stations during 3 x 24 hours. The mean percentage of occupation with the bedding during 24 hours was 7.4 ± 4.4 % (= 106.6 minutes) with a minimum of 1.5 % and a maximum of 18.6 %. The factors A.I. station, season and pen size had a significant influence on occupation with straw as bedding material. The percentage of occupation with bedding in winter was 1.8 % higher than in summer. The percentage of occupation with bedding increased with increasing pen size (from 5.5 % to 11.9 %). The differences between the A.I. stations (between 6.4 % and 10.1 % on average) were caused by management, especially by the frequency of the timers feeding, bedding and watering. The more frequent the boars were caused to stand up by feeding, bedding and watering the higher was the percentage of occupation with the bedding.

scholarly journals Assessment of ct simulators used in radiotherapy treatment planning in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Borislava Petrovic ◽  
Dario Faj ◽  
Mladen Markovic ◽  
Arpad Tot ◽  
Milana Marjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Radiotherapy Treatment Planning ◽  
Standard Field ◽  
Extended Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Radiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Extended Field Of View

The purpose of this work was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) simulators used in radiotherapy treatment planning in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A survey of quality assurance programmes of 24 CT simulators in 16 facilities was conducted. Dedicated CT-to-ED phantom was scanned at 120 kV and 140 kV, to obtain CT-to-ED (ED- Electron Density) conversion curves as well as CTDIvol. Thoracal phantoms were scanned in standard and extended field of view to evaluate dosimetric effect on treatment planning and delivery. Mean age of measured scanners was 5.5 years. The mean water HU value was -6.5 (all scanners, all voltages) and air HU value was -997. Extended field of view CT data differ from standard field of view and differences between conversion curves have significant dosimetric impact. The CTDI data showed large range of values between centers. Better QA of CT simulators in all countries is recommended. CT-to-ED curve could be used as default at one voltage and per manufacturer. Extended field of view imaging can be used, but treatment planning should be avoided in the regions out of standard field of view.

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