scholarly journals Hills, Huts, and Horse-Teams: The New Jersey Environment and Continental Army Winter Encampments, 1778-1780

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Steven Elliott
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Continental Army ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Valley Forge ◽  
Mountain Home

<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">New Jersey’s role as a base for the Continental Army during the War of Independence has played an important part in the state’s understanding of its role in the American Revolution, and continues to shape the state’s image as the “Cockpit of the Revolution,” and “Crossroads of the American Revolution” today. This article uncovers how and why the Continental Army decided to place the bulk of its forces in northern New Jersey for two consecutive winters during the war.  </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Unlike the more renowned Valley Forge winter quarters, neither New Jersey encampment has received significant scholarly attention, and most works that have covered the topic have presumed the state’s terrain offered obvious strategic advantages for an army on the defensive.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">  </span><span style="font-size: medium;">This article offers a new interpretation, emphasizing the army’s logistical needs including forage for its animals and timber supplies for constructing winter shelters.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">  </span><span style="font-size: medium;">The availability of these resources, rather than easily defended rough terrain or close-proximity to friendly civilians, led Washington and his staff to make northern New Jersey its mountain home for much of the war.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">  </span><span style="font-size: medium;">By highlighting the role of the environment in shaping military strategy, this article adds to our understanding of New Jersey’s crucial role in the American struggle for independence.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">  </span></span></em></p>

Testing "Liberty" in New Jersey, 1775-1793: The Intersection of Slavery and Select Manumission Supreme Court Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Kozel
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
State Archives

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Abstract: Through an examination of materials from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania collections (the Richard Waln Papers and the Pennsylvania Abolition Society Papers) and the New Jersey State Archives, the paper highlights select sample writs of habeas corpus and manumission cases before the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1775-1783. The stories narrated in these documents tells a story of freedom – and lack of freedom – in New Jersey during and after the American Revolution.</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></p>

Washington’s Soldier

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Gwynne Tuell Potts
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
British Army ◽  
Valley Forge ◽  
The Revolution

Captain William Croghan entered Valley Forge with ten thousand soldiers in December 1777 and left with Washington the following June as a major in Charles Scott’s brigade. He lived and worked with Lafayette, Steuben, Wayne, Hamilton, Burr, and Knox for six brutal months before emerging to encounter Clinton’s British army on a blistering day near Monmouth Court House, New Jersey. Reassigned to the Southern army in defense of Charleston, Croghan was one of approximately thirty-five hundred Americans who were forced to ground their arms to the tune of TheTurk’sMarchon 12 May 1780, the largest patriot defeat of the American Revolution. Released on parole with Colonel Jonathan Clark in the next spring, Croghan was assigned to Fort Pitt, but raced to take part in the battle of Yorktown, the last major military encounter of the Revolution.

Food Animals of the Continental Army at Valley Forge and Morristown

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
The State ◽  
Continental Army ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Valley Forge

AbstractRecent excavations of fireplace hearths at the Revolutionary campsites of General Washington's army at the National Historical Park at Morristown, New Jersey, and at the State Park at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, have been responsible for the recovery of a quantity of bones of food animals (Bos taurus). These remains are discussed and compared with the dietary reports made by soldiers of the time. A crudely made strap-iron grill, used by the men at Morristown in 1778, is figured.

scholarly journals The American Revolution in New Jersey: Where the Battlefront Meets the Home Front

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Steven Elliott
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Font Size

Elliott's review of <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">The American Revolution in New Jersey: Where the Battlefront Meets the Home Front, </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">by Gigantino II, ed.</span><em></em></strong>

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

Conclusion: Legal and Constitutional Legacies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Military Life ◽  
American States ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
British Military ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
Property Destruction ◽  
The Revolution

The conclusion makes two arguments. First, it takes the position common in the historical literature that the American Revolution was a comparatively placid one, with few killings of civilians, little property destruction, and no reign of terror. It argues that the placidity was a consequence of legal continuity—the same courts, judges, and juries that had governed the colonies in 1770 in large part continued to govern the new American states in 1780. During the course of the War of Independence itself, legal and constitutional change occurred almost entirely at the top, and, except in the few places occupied by the British military, life went on largely as it always had. The conclusion also argues that old ideas of unwritten constitutionalism persisted during and after the Revolution, but that a new idea that constitutions should be written to avoid ambiguity emerged beside the old ideas.

Juan de Miralles and the American Revolution

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
Helen Matzke McCadden
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Officers ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church

In the Presbyterian burying ground at George Washington's encampment in Morristown, New Jersey, on April 29, 1780, Roman Catholic burial rites were performed for a distinguished emissary from Cuba. Dr. James Thacher, army surgeon, recorded the obsequies in his Journal thus:His Excellency General Washington, with several other general officers and members of Congress, attended the funeral solemnities, and walked as chief mourners. The other officers of the army, and numerous respectable citizens, formed a splendid procession, extending about one mile. The pall-bearers were six field officers, and the coffin was borne on the shoulders of four officers of the artillery in full uniform… A Spanish priest performed service at the grave, in the Roman Catholic form. The coffin was inclosed in a box of plank, and all the profusion of pomp and grandeur were deposited in the silent grave, in the common burying-ground, near the church at Morristown.

Patriot vs. Patriot: Social Conflict in Virginia and the Origins of the American Revolution

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-256
Author(s):  
MICHAEL A. McDONNELL ◽  
WOODY HOLTON
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
North American ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Social Consensus ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Mount Vernon ◽  
Widespread Agreement ◽  
Northern County

Virginia, Britain's most populous and arguably most important North American colony, once seemed the perfect fit for the “consensus” interpretation of the War of Independence. Indeed, the percentage of white colonists who became loyalists was probably lower in Virginia than in any other rebelling colony. The widespread agreement on secession from Britain should not, however, be mistaken for social consensus. The reality was that revolutionary Virginia was frequently in turmoil. One of the most intriguing of the local insurrections broke out in the northern county of Loudoun just five months before the Declaration of Independence. In February 1776, the county erupted into a heated confrontation pitting gentlemen against their less wealthy neighbours. Lund Washington, who was managing Mount Vernon, warned his cousin, General George Washington, who was outside Boston training his fledgeling patriot army, that the “first Battle we have in this part of the Country will be in Loudon” – not against British soldiers, but against fellow patriots. Within a week, the revolutionary government in Williamsburg, the Committee of Safety, felt compelled to send troops to quell the disturbances. Yet, for months afterwards, gentry Virginians worried that their effort to suppress the rebellion had failed. In mid-May, Andrew Leitch told Leven Powell of Loudoun, “I really lament the torn and distracted condition of your County.” The “troublesome times,” as another gentleman called them, were slow to abate.

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