scholarly journals Alternative in vitro methods to characterize the role of endocrine active substances (EASs) in hormone-targeted tissues

ALTEX ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Costanza Rovida
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Callus of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) as a source of ginsenosides – medicinal secondary metabolites

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Kochan ◽  
Aleksander Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract:Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) are valuable medicinal herbs whose roots have been used for ages in traditional medicine in China and North America as vitalizing and stimulating agents. The roots are obtained mainly from field cultivation, which is a slow (5-7 years long), laborious, and troublesome process; so in vitro methods started to be used to produce ginseng biomass. In our study, non-organogenic callus of P. quinquefolius synthesized the same active substances like field roots, for more than 6 years. The ginsenosides are derivatives of protopanaxadiol (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd) or protopanaxatriol (Rg1, Re). The synthesis of Rg1and Re metabolites is preferred in calli cultured in the dark and with ageing of culture.

scholarly journals SIRNA-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKINE-13 PRODUCTION IN VITRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
I P Shilovskiy ◽  
D V Mazurov ◽  
N N Shershakova ◽  
M R Khaitov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Interfering Rna

Background. According to current views, one of the major mediators involved in the development of allergic process is IL-13. The goal of this work was to design small interfering RNA molecules to effectively inhibit il-13 gene expression of mice in experiments in vitro. Methods. For the expression of IL-13 in in vitro gene coding sequence il-13 was amplified using cDNA ConA-stimulated spleen cells from BALE / c mice as a template and cloned into the expression vector pUCHR IRES GFP. Using a computer analysis were designed six variants of siRNA, directed against mRNA-il-13. To test the efficiency of siRNA a co-transfection of 1x 105 cells HEK293T mixture (0,5 mg and 1 mg of plasmid siRNA) coupled with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent was carried out. Twenty-four hours later, the gene expression changes in il-13 recorded by flow cytometry on the fluorescence intensity of GFP+-cells. Gene expression of il-13 mRNA was assessed by quantitative PCR, and the level of the protein product by ELISA. results. As a result, siRNA molecules were obtained and three of them were able to effectively inhibit the gene expression of il-13. Conclusion. Thereby variants of siRNA, which can effectively inhibit the production of mice’s IL-13 in vitro; can be used later in experiments in vivo so to understand the role of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of allergic conditions as to develop new therapy approaches.

Role of Bile Acid Metabolising, Intestinal Bacterial Enzymes in Cholesterol Gallstones; in Vitro Methods and Ex Vivo Results in Human Caecal Aspirates

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (s36) ◽  
pp. 4P-4P
Author(s):  
L.A. Thomas ◽  
G.M. Murphy ◽  
R.H. Dowling ◽  
A. King ◽  
G.R. French
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Enzymes ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
In Vitro Methods

The Role of In Vitro Experiments in Animal Welfare

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Selzer Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Target Organ Toxicity

The prospects of replacing animal experiments with other types of toxicological studies are considered, and the use of human data and in vitro experiments are discussed. Ongoing validation studies of in vitro methods for evaluation of acute toxicity, local irritation, target organ toxicity, tumour promotion and teratogenicity are presented.

scholarly journals The Role of Biotechnology for Conservation and Biologically Active Substances Production ofRhodiola rosea: Endangered Medicinal Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krasimira Tasheva ◽  
Georgina Kosturkova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Gene Information ◽  
Active Substances

At present, more than 50 000 plant species are used in phytotherapy and medicine. About 2/3 of them are harvested from nature leading to local extinction of many species or degradation of their habitats. Biotechnological methods offer possibilities not only for faster cloning and conservation of the genotype of the plants but for modification of their gene information, regulation, and expression for production of valuable substances in higher amounts or with better properties.Rhodiola roseais an endangered medicinal species with limited distribution. It has outstanding importance for pharmaceutical industry for prevention and cure of cancer, heart and nervous system diseases, and so forth. Despite the great interest in golden root and the wide investigations in the area of phytochemistry, plant biotechnology remained less endeavoured and exploited. The paper presents research on initiation ofin vitrocultures inRhodiola roseaand some otherRhodiola species. Achievements in induction of organogenic and callus cultures, regeneration, and micropropagation varied but were a good basis for alternativein vitrosynthesis of the desired metabolites and for the development of efficient systems for micropropagation for conservation of the species.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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