scholarly journals Gasoline Particulate Filter Accelerated Aging Processes - a Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Péter Nagy ◽  
Ibolya Zsoldos
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Particulate Filter ◽  
Engine Testing

This article briefly presents the testing processes of vehicle and engine testing on chassis and engine dynamometers in a laboratory environment and their development trend due to the stricter environmental regulations. It then explains the test cycles that form the basis of the measurements and their effect on emissions and components of the exhaust system. It briefly summarizes the potential processes of soot formation. It researches and describes the possibilities of reducing the duration and costs of testing and inspection processes in the field of particulate emissions of internal combustion engines.

scholarly journals Impact of Blow-By Gas and Endgap Ring Position on the Variations of Particle Emissions in Gasoline Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Vincent Berthome ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ring Position

Particulate emission from internal combustion engines is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood in order to identify its main factors. To this end, it appears necessary to study the impact of unburned gases, called blow-by gases, which are reinjected into the engine intake system. A series of transient tests demonstrate their significant contribution since the particle emissions of spark-ignition engines are 1.5 times higher than those of an engine without blow-by with a standard deviation 1.5 times greater. After analysis, it is found that the decanter is not effective enough to remove completely the oil from the gases. Tests without blow-by gases also have the advantage of having a lower disparity, and therefore of being more repeatable. It appears that the position of the “endgap” formed by the first two rings has a significant impact on the amount of oil transported towards the combustion chamber by the backflow, and consequently on the variation of particle emissions. For this engine and for this transient, 57% of the particulate emissions are related to the equivalence ratio, while 31% are directly related to the ability of the decanter to remove the oil of the blowby gases and 12% of the emissions come from the backflow. The novelty of this work is to relate the particles fluctuation to the position of the endgap ring.

Calculation of Acoustic Efficiency of Exhaust Silencers for Automotive Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tupov ◽  
O. Matasova
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Insertion Losses

Insertion losses as the main characteristic that mathematically describes the acoustic efficiency of a noise silencer has been considered. This characteristic shows the reduction of noise generated by its source, in particular by the internal combustion engine’s exhaust system, at the control point as a silencer use result. Has been presented a mathematical description of the insertion losses, and have been considered parameters necessary for calculating this characteristic. Has been demonstrated the analytical dependence of impedance for the sound emission by the exhaust system’s end hole from the coefficient of acoustic waves reflection by this hole. The performed analysis of the widely used formulas for calculating the coefficient of sound reflection by the end hole has showed their insufficient accuracy for project designs performing. Have been proposed calculation dependences providing high accuracy for calculations of the reflection coefficient modulus, and the attached length of the channel end hole without a flange in the entire range of the existence of plane waves in it. It has been shown that the end correction of this hole at ka = 0 is 0.6127, and not 0.6133, as it was mistakenly believed until now in world acoustics. Has been proposed a method for calculation the exhaust noise source internal impedance. This method more accurately, in comparison with the already known ones, describes the acoustic processes in the internal combustion engine’s exhaust manifold, thanks to increases the accuracy of calculation the silencer acoustic efficiency, that allows develop the silencer at the early stages of the design of an automotive internal combustion engine.

Exhaust System Gas-Dynamics in Internal Combustion Engines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pearson ◽  
M. Bassett ◽  
P. Virr ◽  
S. Lever ◽  
A. Early
Keyword(s):  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Engine Cycle

The sensitivity of engine performance to gas-dynamic phenomena in the exhaust system has been known for around 100 years but is still relatively poorly understood. The nonlinearity of the wave-propagation behaviour renders simple empirical approaches ineffective, even in a single-cylinder engine. The adoption of analytical tools such as engine-cycle-simulation codes has enabled greater understanding of the tuning mechanisms but for multi-cylinder engines has required the development of accurate models for pipe junctions. The present work examines the propagation of pressure waves through pipe junctions using shock-tube rigs in order to validate a computational model. Following this the effects of exhaust-system gas dynamics on engine performance are discussed using the results from an engine-cycle-simulation program based on the equations of one-dimensional compressible fluid flow.

scholarly journals Simulating Real World Soot-Catalyst Contact Conditions for Lab-Scale Catalytic Soot Oxidation Studies

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsheng Su ◽  
Yujun Wang ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Paul McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust System ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Soot Deposition ◽  
Diesel Soot Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Soot Oxidation ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Set Up

In diesel soot oxidation studies, both well-defined model soot and a reliable means to simulate realistic contact conditions with catalysts are crucial. This study is the first attempt in the field to establish a lab-scale continuous flame soot deposition method in simulating the “contact condition” of soot and a structured diesel particulate filter (DPF) catalyst. The properties of this flame soot were examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structure analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for surface area analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for reactivity and kinetics analysis. For validation purposes, catalytic oxidation of Tiki® soot using the simulated contact condition was conducted to compare with the diesel particulates collected from a real diesel engine exhaust system. It was found that the flame soot is more uniform and controllable than similar samples of collected diesel particulates. The change in T50 due to the presence of the catalyst is very similar in both cases, implying that the flame deposit method is able to produce comparably realistic contact conditions to that resulting from the real exhaust system. Comparing against the expensive engine testing, this novel method allows researchers to quickly set up a procedure in the laboratory scale to reveal the catalytic soot oxidation properties in a comparable loose contact condition.

scholarly journals Impact on the environment and on human health of internal combustion, hybrid and battery electric powered vehicles in a life cycle perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 07011
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Maria ◽  
Daniela Cesari ◽  
Federico Sisani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Italian Context

Different power trained passenger cars were compared in a life cycle perspective (LCA) considering the Italian context for the year 2019. Main findings shows that battery electric vehicles, based on the current Italian energy mix, have the lower global warming emissions about 0.1 kgCO2eq/km. Lower particulate emissions of about 5x10-4 kgPM2,5eq/km and impact on human health about 7x10-7/km DALY were detected for petrol hybrid electric vehicles. Lower photochemical emissions of about 5x10-4 kgNMVOCeq/km were found for gasoline internal combustion engines vehicles.

scholarly journals Design and Vibrational Characteristic Analysis of Exhaust Manifold with Experimental Validation Using FFT Analyzer

2021 ◽  
pp. 645-665
Author(s):  
Shubham Mittal ◽  
Dr. Kiran C. More
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Manifold ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Vibrational Characteristic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vibration Problems

The vibrations observed in internal combustion engines transfer to the Tail pipe via exhaust manifold. Such Vibrations cause failure of exhaust system. Two types of vibration can affect the exhaust manifold: the sonic pressure waves coming from the exhaust ports, and the vibration of the engine itself. Pressure wave vibrations are usually transparent, travelling through the exhaust system to either absorb into or cancel out in the muffler. These waves are harmonic, like the vibration of a speaker, but they are usually too minute to cause noise through component movement. Engine vibrations, on the other hand, can easily shake your complete exhaust system. Such cyclic loading of waves can cause component rattling or failure. This vibration failure occurs due to resonant frequencies occurring in defined frequency range. The ‘frequency match’ could lead to a response detrimental to the life of the structure.FEA techniques are proposed in this work to avoid resonance. Physical experimentation is proposed using FFT Analyzer. This work deals with the damping of such later mentioned vibration problems with a concept of CAE (Computer Aided Engineering). In this project we are analyzing the exhaust system under various conditions for modal (natural vibrations). Static and modal analysis of exhaust manifold has been performed using ANSYS 19 software along with experimental validation of manifold using FFT and impact hammer test. Different types of methods for reducing vibration of manifold are studied. After studying these methods and procedures for reducing a vibration, we conclude that, exhaust manifold concept 02 is more efficient by changing the geometry or adding proper stiffener for reducing vertical vibration which further increases the frequency response of component..

Calculation of Exhaust Gas Heat Produce for Ron 95, Ron97 and Vpower Racing Base Fuels use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Lias ◽  
H.B. Sharudin ◽  
M.H.B. Ismail ◽  
A.M.I.B. Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the calculation of exhaust gas heat produce (EGHP) in internal combustion engine (ICE) based on three types of fuel used specifically Petrol Ron 95, Petrol Ron 97 and Vpower racing base. The experimental test rig has used 1.6 CamPro Proton engine with 1561cc capacity and dynamometer. The calculation has used the basic formula of heat transfer equation and heat loss through the exhaust that included the mass flow rate of exhaust gas, specific heat of exhaust gas and temperature gradient. The exhaust temperature of ICE is generally in range from 400C to 600C and exhaust gas heat transfer affects the emissions burn-up in the exhaust system. This contributes significantly to the engine requirement. The experimental data was statistically analysed to identify the unknown parameter. High correlation of data variables can be determined based on the heat loss produced or EGHP. This also has significance by using different types of fuel in ICE.

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