scholarly journals Geistiges Eigentum als Innovationshindernis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Christine Godt ◽  
Markus Burchardi
Keyword(s):  
Geistiges Eigentum ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Um das geistige Eigentum als wirksames Instrument der Innovationsförderung zu erhalten, hilft das Narrativ der Commons, die Balance zwischen ökonomischen Anreizen und öffentlichen Interessen zu finden. Neue Formen von Governance-Arrangements bereiten den Weg.

Heilpflanzen in der globalisierten Welt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Rainer Stange
Keyword(s):  
Geistiges Eigentum ◽  
Soziale Aspekte

SummaryDie Nutzung von Heilpflanzen aus anderen Kulturen erfolgte zunächst pragmatisch, da wichtige Indikationen in den heimischen traditionellen Medizinen nur unzureichend abgedeckt waren. Oft gelangten diese Therapeutika im Zuge der Kolonialzeit in westliche Industrieländer. Fragen, die über die pragmatische Verwendung hinausgingen, stellten sich erst viel später und hängen mit dem gestiegenen Bewusstsein für ökologische und politisch-soziale Aspekte sowie einem sensibleren Verständnis für kollektives materielles und geistiges Eigentum in den Herkunftsregionen zusammen. Der Fall der Kapland-Pelargonie illustriert, dass auch nach hunderten Jahren therapeutischer Nutzung juristische Differenzen auftreten können – aus westlicher Sicht greift das internationale Patentrecht, aus Sicht der Vertreter der indigenen Bevölkerung das Recht an der biologischen Spezies und dem Wissen um die traditionelle Anwendung der Heilpflanze.Für Verschreiber wie Verbraucher traditioneller Heilmittel aus der „Weltapotheke“ erscheint die Bevorzugung von Präparaten mit anerkannten Zertifizierungen bzw. ethischen Codizes sinnvoll.

Macroprudential Policy - Taxonomy and Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. R1-R15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erland W. Nier
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Macroprudential Policy ◽  
Macroprudential Policies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Country Specific

There is increasing recognition that prior to the global financial crisis financial regulation had lacked a macroprudential perspective. There has since been a strong effort to make a new macroprudential orientation operational, including through the establishment of new macroprudential authorities or ‘committees’ in a number of jurisdictions. These developments raise — and this paper explores — the following three questions. First, what distinguishes macroprudential policy from microprudential policy and what are its key tasks? Second, what powers should be given to macroprudential authorities and what should be their mandate? Third, how can governance arrangements ensure that macroprudential policies are pursued effectively? While arrangements for macroprudential policy will to some extent be country-specific, we identify three basic challenges in setting up an effective macroprudential policy framework and discuss options to address them.

Self-determination, Democracy, Human Rights, and Migrants’ Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
Gillian Brock ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Temporary Worker ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Fair Process ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
Core Requirements ◽  
Governance Arrangements

What weight should we place on self-determination, democracy, human rights and equality in an account of migration justice? Anna Stilz and Andrea Sangiovanni offer insightful comments that prompt us to consider such questions. In addressing their welcome critiques I aim to show how my account can help reduce migration injustice in our contemporary world. As I argue, there is no right to free movement across state borders. However, migrants do have rights to a fair process for determining their rights. Democratic communities should have scope to make many migration decisions, although there are constraints on that self-determination. The migration governance oversight arrangements I favor are compatible with core requirements of agency and responsiveness that are operative in mature democracies. In responding to concerns about objectionable power inequalities that often characterize temporary worker programs, I show why addressing these issues requires various institutional protections that are well enforced. Robust migration governance arrangements can assist in formulating defensible migration policies that we can implement here and now as we aim to reduce migration injustices in our current world.

scholarly journals Meta-regulation meets Deliberation: Situating the Governor within NHS Foundation Trust Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 595-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSS MILLAR ◽  
TIM FREEMAN ◽  
RUSSELL MANNION ◽  
HUW T. O. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Hospital Governance ◽  
Regulatory Architecture ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Hospital Boards ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Governance Arrangements

AbstractNHS Foundation Trust (FT) hospitals in England have complex internal governance arrangements. They may be considered to exhibit meta-regulatory characteristics to the extent that governors are able to promote deliberative values and steer internal governance processes towards wider regulatory goals. Yet, while recent studies of NHS FT hospital governance have explored FT governors and examined FT hospital boards to consider executive oversight, there is currently no detailed investigation of interactions between these two groups. Drawing on observational and interview data from four case-study sites, we trace interactions between the actors involved; explore their understandings of events; and consider the extent to which the proposed benefits of meta-regulation were realised in practice. Findings show that while governors provided both a conscience and contribution to internal and external governance arrangements, the meta-regulatory role was largely symbolic and limited to compliance and legitimation of executive actions. Thus while the meta-regulatory ‘architecture’ for governor involvement may be considered effective, the soft intelligence gleaned and operationalised may be obscured by ‘hard’ performance metrics which dominate resource-allocation processes and priority-setting. Governors were involved in practices that symbolised deliberative involvement but resulted in further opportunities for legitimising executive decisions.

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