scholarly journals Virtual tests of robotic vehicle units for virtual commissioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Sergey P. Orlov ◽  
Elizaveta E. Bizyukova ◽  
Anastasia E. Iakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
Virtual Test ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Virtual Commissioning ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Kamaz Truck ◽  
Robotic Vehicle

The creation of robotic vehicles for agricultural purposes is a promising direction in the automotive industry. The complexity of the self-driving truck's design, work in difficult operating conditions, and a large number of measuring devices and processing subsystems determine the relevance of creating a virtual test system. These tests are part of the overall virtual commissioning process for a robotic vehicle. The article discusses a set of basic subsystems that provide virtual tests based on a model-based approach: mathematical modeling, measurement modeling, information subsystem with databases, visualization and documentation subsystem. Metrological models of measuring channels for virtual tests have been developed, allowing simulating random vehicle parameter changes. The testing process covers all the most essential components of a robotic vehicle. For example, the article presents a dynamic model of the braking system of a robotic chassis and shows the results of braking modes' virtual tests. The developed virtual test system is used to create a KAMAZ truck as part of a robotic system for agricultural vehicles.

scholarly journals Residual life management of cyber-physical transport systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042008
Author(s):  
S V Susarev ◽  
S P Orlov ◽  
O Ja Kravets ◽  
A S Ponkratova
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
Remote Diagnostics ◽  
Virtual Commissioning ◽  
Robotic Vehicle ◽  
Diagnostics System ◽  
Timed Colored Petri Nets

Abstract The article deals with the problem of assessing the residual life of robotic agricultural vehicles. This problem is inextricably linked to the organization of effective vehicle maintenance. The robotic vehicle has a multifunctional remote diagnostics system, which makes it possible to assess the probability of component failure in real-time. In virtual commissioning, simulation is the most appropriate tool for researching and finding effective maintenance solutions. A simulation model based on timed colored Petri nets is proposed. The structure of the model is given, and its modules are described. Research is carried out by the method of statistical tests on a simulation model. An example of evaluating the delays in executing a production task, depending on the maintenance procedures and the probabilities of robotic vehicle unit failures, is given.

Infrared Emission Spectroscopy as a Reliability Tool

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Kim ◽  
S. Kayali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Infrared Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Channel Temperature

Abstract In this paper, we report on a non-destructive technique, based on IR emission spectroscopy, for measuring the temperature of a hot spot in the gate channel of a GaAs metal/semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET). A submicron-size He-Ne laser provides the local excitation of the gate channel and the emitted photons are collected by a spectrophotometer. Given the state of our experimental test system, we estimate a spectral resolution of approximately 0.1 Angstroms and a spatial resolution of approximately 0.9 μm, which is up to 100 times finer spatial resolution than can be obtained using the best available passive IR systems. The temperature resolution (<0.02 K/μm in our case) is dependent upon the spectrometer used and can be further improved. This novel technique can be used to estimate device lifetimes for critical applications and measure the channel temperature of devices under actual operating conditions. Another potential use is cost-effective prescreening for determining the 'hot spot' channel temperature of devices under normal operating conditions, which can further improve device design, yield enhancement, and reliable operation. Results are shown for both a powered and unpowered MESFET, demonstrating the strength of our infrared emission spectroscopy technique as a reliability tool.

Power Test System Development and Dynamic Performance State Estimation Based on Hub Motor Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Jing Gan ◽  
Xiaobin Fan ◽  
Zeng Song ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Power Test ◽  
The Real

Background: The power performance of an electric vehicle is the basic parameter. Traditional test equipment, such as the expensive chassis dynamometer, not only increases the cost of testing but also makes it impossible to measure all the performance parameters of an electric vehicle. Objective: A set of convenient, efficient and sensitive power measurement system for electric vehicles is developed to obtain the real-time power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions, and the dynamic performance parameters of hub-motor vehicles are obtained through the system. Methods: Firstly, a set of on-board power test system is developed by using virtual instrument (Lab- VIEW). This test system can obtain the power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions in real-time and save data in real-time. Then, the driving resistance of hub-motor vehicles is analyzed, and the power performance of hub-motor vehicles is studied in depth. The power testing system is proposed to test the input power of both ends of the driving motor, and the chassis dynamometer is combined to test so that the output efficiency of the driving motor can be easily obtained without disassembly. Finally, this method is used to carry out the road test and obtain the vehicle dynamic performance parameters. Results: The real-time current, voltage and power, maximum power, acceleration time and maximum speed of the vehicle can be obtained accurately by using the power test system in the real road experiment. Conclusion: The maximum power required by the two motors reaches about 9KW, and it takes about 20 seconds to reach the maximum speed. The total power required to maintain the maximum speed is about 7.8kw, and the maximum speed is 62km/h. In this article, various patents have been discussed.

scholarly journals A Flexible Load Control Strategy for Distribution Network to Reduce the Line Losses and to Eliminate the Transmission Congestion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Hu ◽  
Peifeng Shen ◽  
Wenlu Ji ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Transmission Congestion ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Flexible Load

There are many uncertain factors in the modern distribution network, including the access of renewable energy sources and the heavy load level. The existence of these factors has brought challenges to the stability of the power distribution network, as well as increasing the risk of exceeding transmission capacity of distribution lines. The appearance of flexible load control technology provides a new idea to solve the above problems. Air conditioners (ACs) account for a great proportion of all loads. In this paper, the model of dispatching AC loads in the regional power grid is constructed, and the direct load control (DLC) method is adopted to reduce the load of ACs. An improved tabu search technique is proposed to solve the problem of network dispatch in distribution systems in order to reduce the resistive line losses and to eliminate the transmission congestion in lines under normal operating conditions. The optimal node solution is obtained to find the best location and reduction capacity of ACs for load control. To demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, a test system is studied. The numerical results are also given in this article, which reveal that the proposed method is promising.

Designing CO2 Transmission Pipelines Without Crack Arrestors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme G. King ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Pipeline Network

Masdar is developing several carbon capture projects from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20×106 T/y to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. Design of the pipeline network considered three primary factors in the selection of wall thickness and toughness, (a) steady and transient operating conditions, (b) prevention of longitudinal ductile fractures and (c) optimization of total project owning and operating costs. The paper explains how the three factors affect wall thickness and toughness. It sets out code requirements that must be satisfied when choosing wall thickness and gives details of how to calculate toughness to prevent propagation of long ductile fracture in CO2 pipelines. It then uses cost optimization to resolve contention between the different requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The design work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines. Despite its high operating pressure, the proposed network will be one of the safest pipeline systems in the world today.

Preliminarily Design of Supercritical CO2 Compression Test System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Teng ◽  
Laijie Chen ◽  
Xin Shen ◽  
Hua Ouyang ◽  
Yubo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Test Loop

Abstract The centrifugal compressor is the core component of the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) power cycle. It is essential to carry out component-level experimental research on it and test the working characteristics of the compressor and its auxiliary equipment. Building an accurate closed-loop simulation model of closed SCO2 compression loop is a necessary preparation for selecting loop key parameters and establishing system control strategy, which is also an important prerequisite for the stable operation of compressor under test parameters. In this paper, the thermodynamic model of compressor, pre-cooler, orifice plate and other components in supercritical CO2 compression test system is studied, and the simulation model of compression test system is established. Moreover, based on the system enthalpy equations and physical property model of real gas, the compressor, pre-cooler and other components in the test loop are preliminarily designed by using the thermodynamic model of components. Since the operating conditions are in the vicinity of the critical point, when the operating conditions change slightly, the physical properties of the working fluid will change significantly, which might have a greater impact on the operating performance of the system. So the operating performance and the parameter changes of key nodes in the test loop under different operating conditions are calculated, which will provide theoretical guidance for the construction of subsequent experimental loops.

Influence of geometric parameters and operating conditions on the thermohydrodynamic behaviour of plain journal bearings

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Pierre ◽  
M Fillon
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Mass Flowrate

Hydrodynamic journal bearings are essential components of high-speed machinery. In severe operating conditions, the thermal dissipation is not a negligible phenomenon. Therefore, a three-dimensional thermohydrodynamic (THD) analysis has been developed that includes lubricant rupture and re-formation phenomena by conserving the mass flowrate. Then, the predictions obtained with the proposed numerical model are validated by comparison with the measurements reported in the literature. The effects of various geometric factors (length, diameter and radial clearance) and operating conditions (rotational speed, applied load and lubricant) on the journal bearing behaviour are analysed and discussed in order to inform bearing designers. Thus, it can be predicted that the bearing performance obtained highly depends on operating conditions and geometric configuration.

Recurrent ANFIS-Coordinated Controller Design for Multimachine Power System with FACTS Devices

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sangeetha ◽  
P. Renuga
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Oscillation Damping

This paper proposes the design of auxiliary-coordinated controller for static VAR compensator (SVC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) devices by adaptive fuzzy optimized technique for oscillation damping in multimachine power systems. The performance of the coordinated control of SVC and TCSC devices based on feedforward adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (F-ANFIS) is compared with that of the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) structure based on recurrent adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (R-ANFIS) network architecture. The objective of the coordinated controller design is to tune the parameters of SVC and TCSC fuzzy lead lag compensator simultaneously to minimize the deviation of rotor angle and rotor speed of the generators. The performance of the system is enhanced by optimally tuning the membership functions of fuzzy lead lag controller parameter of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) by R-ANFIS controller. The training data for F-ANFIS and R-ANFIS are generated by conventional linear control technique under various operating conditions. The offline trained controller tunes the parameter of lead lag controller in online. The oscillation damping ability of the system is analyzed for three-machine test system by calculating the standard deviation and cost function. The superior performance of R-ANFIS controller is compared with various particle swarm optimization-based feedforward ANFIS controllers available in literature.

A Multi-Objective Fuzzy-Based Procedure for Reactive Power-Based Preventive Emergency Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragab A. El Sehiemy ◽  
Adel A. Abou El Ela ◽  
Abdelallah Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Programming ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Transmission Losses ◽  
The West ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Control Actions

This paper proposes a multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (MFLP) procedure for maximizing the effects of preventive reactive power control actions to overcome any emergency condition when they occurred. The proposed procedure is very significant and seeks to eliminate violation constraints and give an optimal reactive power reserve for multi-operating conditions. The proposed multi-objective functions are: minimizing the real transmission losses, maximizing the reactive power reserve at certain generator and maximizing the reactive power reserve at all generation systems and/or switchable devices. The proposed MFLP is applied to 5-bus test system and the West Delta region system as a part of the Egyptian Unified network. The numerical results show that the proposed MFLP technique achieves a minimum real power loss with maximal reactive reserve for power systems for different operating conditions.

scholarly journals Reliability of X7R Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors During High Accelerated Life Testing (HALT)

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Hernández-López ◽  
Juan Aguilar-Garib ◽  
Sophie Guillemet-Fritsch ◽  
Roman Nava-Quintero ◽  
Pascal Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Thermal Failure ◽  
Accelerated Life Tests ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Life Tests ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) are essential components for determining the reliability of electronic components in terms of time to failure. It is known that the reliability of MLCCs depends on their composition, processing, and operating conditions. In this present work, we analyzed the lifetime of three similar X7R type MLCCs based on BaTiO3 by conducting High Accelerated Life Tests (HALT) at temperatures up to 200 °C at 400 V and 600 V. The results were adjusted to an Arrhenius equation, which is a function of the activation energy (Ea) and a voltage stress exponent (n), in order to predict their time to failure. The values of Ea are in the range of 1–1.45 eV, which has been reported for the thermal failure and dielectric wear out of BaTiO3-based dielectric capacitors. The stress voltage exponent value was in the range of 4–5. Although the Ea can be associated with a failure mechanism, n only gives an indication of the effect of voltage in the tests. It was possible to associate those values with each type of tested MLCC so that their expected life could be estimated in the range of 400–600 V.

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