An Arctic Alaskan Kelp Bed

ARCTIC ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Mohr ◽  
Norman J. Wilimovsky ◽  
E. Yale Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Kelp Beds ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
Kelp Bed ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Reports the discovery of a kelp bed near Point Barrow and describes its composition, both red and brown algae and associated fauna: a few polychaetous annelids, arthropods and six fishes, one, Enophrys diceraus new to arctic waters and kelp beds are rare in arctic Alaska waters limited in species and in number of individuals. The general poverty of marine algae is thought due to the prevalence of sediments north of Alaska and to silting effects by sea ice in winter.

Evaluation of the Rapid Refresh Numerical Weather Prediction Model Over Arctic Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Bray ◽  
David D. Turner ◽  
Gijs de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
Short Term Forecasting ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Mixed Phase Clouds

AbstractDespite a need for accurate weather forecasts for societal and economic interests in the U.S. Arctic, thorough evaluations of operational numerical weather prediction in the region have been limited. In particular, the Rapid Refresh Model (RAP), which plays a key role in short-term forecasting and decision making, has seen very limited assessment in northern Alaska, with most evaluation efforts focused on lower latitudes. In the present study, we verify forecasts from version 4 of the RAP against radiosonde, surface meteorological, and radiative flux observations from two Arctic sites on the northern Alaskan coastline, with a focus on boundary-layer thermodynamic and dynamic biases, model representation of surface inversions, and cloud characteristics. We find persistent seasonal thermodynamic biases near the surface that vary with wind direction, and may be related to the RAP’s handling of sea ice and ocean interactions. These biases seem to have diminished in the latest version of the RAP (version 5), which includes refined handling of sea ice, among other improvements. In addition, we find that despite capturing boundary-layer temperature profiles well overall, the RAP struggles to consistently represent strong, shallow surface inversions. Further, while the RAP seems to forecast the presence of clouds accurately in most cases, there are errors in the simulated characteristics of these clouds, which we hypothesize may be related to the RAP’s treatment of mixed-phase clouds.

Te marine algae of Lord Howe Island (NSW): The dictyotales and Cutleriales (Phaeophyta).

Brunonia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Allender ◽  
GT Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Marine Flora ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

Lord Howe Island (31�33'S., lat.; 159�05'E. long.) lies c. 600 km east of the Australian mainland and is fringed by the world's southernmost coral reefs. It possesses a rich marine flora which is heavily dominated by brown algae of the order Dictyotales, of which 22 species in 11 genera occur on the island. Most species show tropical affinities, although several have restricted occurrences on the central eastern seaboard of the continent in addition to Lord Howe, and a few are recorded from the Kermadec Islands some 2150 km further east. Two species (Distromium didymothrix; Pachydictyon aegerrime) and two varieties (Stypopodium flabelliforme var. rhabdoides; Dictyota bartayresii var. plectens) are described as new and are at present known only from the island, while Padina boergesenii has been erected for a well known Caribbean species also found at Lord Howe and which, following examination of type material, can no longer be properly referred to P. gymnospora (Kuetz.) Vickers. Two new combinations [Stypopodium australasicum (Zan.) Allender & Kraft; Dilophus intermedius (Zan.) Allender & Kraft] are also made. The order Cutleriales is represented at Lord Howe by a single newly described species, Cutleria mollis, whose abundant sporophytic (Aglaozonia) stage is very Zonaria-like in habit.

Younger-Dryas cooling and sea-ice feedbacks were prominent features of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Arctic Alaska

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin V. Gaglioti ◽  
Daniel H. Mann ◽  
Matthew J. Wooller ◽  
Benjamin M. Jones ◽  
Gregory C. Wiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Arctic Alaska

scholarly journals Antiproliferative activity of marine brown algae-derived compounds: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 060-072
Author(s):  
Luane Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Jessyca Karoline de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Beatriz Alves de Aguiar ◽  
Julliene Larissa dos Santos Bezerra ◽  
Aline de Queiroz Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Environment Exploration ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Biological Actions

Marine environment exploration has increased in the search for new compounds that may be attractive to the industrial field, especially for the development of drugs. Brown marine algae are part of this environment and, because of their production of secondary metabolites, they have become a possible source of bioactive compounds that have important biological actions such as anticoagulant, antioxidant and antiproliferative. However, there are still obstacles to complete knowledge about their structures and activities. This review provides key information about the isolation, composition, and structure and antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vitro of compounds derived from different brown algae.

scholarly journals Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Generalić Mekinić ◽  
Danijela Skroza ◽  
Vida Šimat ◽  
Imen Hamed ◽  
Martina Čagalj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Insight Into

Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Coupled impacts of sea ice variability and North Pacific atmospheric circulation on Holocene hydroclimate in Arctic Alaska

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (52) ◽  
pp. 33034-33042
Author(s):  
Ellie Broadman ◽  
Darrell S. Kaufman ◽  
Andrew C. G. Henderson ◽  
Irene Malmierca-Vallet ◽  
Melanie J. Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Aleutian Low ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
The North Pacific

Arctic Alaska lies at a climatological crossroads between the Arctic and North Pacific Oceans. The modern hydroclimate of the region is responding to rapidly diminishing sea ice, driven in part by changes in heat flux from the North Pacific. Paleoclimate reconstructions have improved our knowledge of Alaska’s hydroclimate, but no studies have examined Holocene sea ice, moisture, and ocean−atmosphere circulation in Arctic Alaska, limiting our understanding of the relationship between these phenomena in the past. Here we present a sedimentary diatom assemblage and diatom isotope dataset from Schrader Pond, located ∼80 km from the Arctic Ocean, which we interpret alongside synthesized regional records of Holocene hydroclimate and sea ice reduction scenarios modeled by the Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3). The paleodata synthesis and model simulations suggest the Early and Middle Holocene in Arctic Alaska were characterized by less sea ice, a greater contribution of isotopically heavy Arctic-derived moisture, and wetter climate. In the Late Holocene, sea ice expanded and regional climate became drier. This climatic transition is coincident with a documented shift in North Pacific circulation involving the Aleutian Low at ∼4 ka, suggesting a Holocene teleconnection between the North Pacific and Arctic. The HadCM3 simulations reveal that reduced sea ice leads to a strengthened Aleutian Low shifted west, potentially increasing transport of warm North Pacific water to the Arctic through the Bering Strait. Our findings demonstrate the interconnectedness of the Arctic and North Pacific on multimillennial timescales, and are consistent with future projections of less sea ice and more precipitation in Arctic Alaska.

Aquacultural Techniques for Creating and Restoring Beds of Giant Kelp, Macrocystis spp.

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wheeler J. North
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Giant Kelp ◽  
Herbivorous Fishes ◽  
Kelp Beds ◽  
Mass Cultures ◽  
Kelp Bed ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Giant kelp (Macrocystis spp.) occurs as extensive beds along the coasts of Baja California and California. The kelp beds form desirable habitat for fishes and invertebrates. The kelp plants are harvested and processed to produce food additives and chemicals. Many Califorman kelp beds have dwindled or disappeared since 1940. We have developed a number of aquacultural techniques to reverse trends of deterioration. One important cause of kelp bed damage can arise from grazing by sea urchins or herbivorous fishes. Urchins can be controlled by quicklime or by crushing the animals with hammers. Fishes can be controlled by netting. In areas where kelp is sparse or has disappeared, stands can be recreated by transplantation techniques. Where reproductive processes are not adequate to maintain a stable population, mass cultures of microscopic gametophytes and sporophytes can be introduced.

HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENTS DERIVED FROM STEROLS OF MARINE ALGAE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1401-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Reiner ◽  
J. Topliff ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sargassum Muticum ◽  
Marine Brown Algae ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Agents

Sterols isolated from two species of marine brown algae, Fucus gardneri and Sargassum muticum, were fed to young Leghorn cockerels. Both sterols caused a significant diminution in plasma cholesterol level.

scholarly journals A review on phytoconstituents of marine brown algae

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma M. Hakim ◽  
Illa C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Marine Brown Algae ◽  
Hard State ◽  
Gujarat Coast

Abstract Background From the last few years, the development and discovery of bioactive compounds and their potential properties from marine algae have been enhanced significantly. The coastal area is a huge storehouse for propitious algae. It has been the genuine reality that the consequence of marine algae as a source of different compounds is increasing. Main body Numerous advanced research devices are available for the discovery of synthetic compounds but still many researchers are working on natural bioactive compounds to discover their biological properties, which are useful to society. Marine algae are taking the preponderance of consideration from investigators owing to its phenomenon of biological activity like anti-cancer, anti-viral, cholesterol-reducing, and many more. A variety of compounds are collected from algae with specific purposes as they remain in an extremely ambitious and hard state; this condition is responsible for the synthesis of very particularly effective bioactive compounds. The present article is concentrating on the brown algae of the Gujarat coast, phlorotannins, polyphenol, phytosterol from brown algae, and their various applications. The main importance has been given to the secondary metabolites and various applications of marine brown algae. Conclusion From this review, it can be concluded that the prominent bioactive compounds from brown algae can cure many serious diseases. Besides, the potential biological activities of a special bioactive compound may represent the interest in the industry of pharmaceuticals, cosmeceutical, and functional foods.

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