scholarly journals The fundamental violence of physiotherapy: Emmanuel Levinas’s critique of ontology and its implications for physiotherapy theory and practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Maric ◽  
David Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Ethical Intentions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Healthcare Professions ◽  
Ethical Critique ◽  
Physiotherapy Education ◽  
Practical Implications

The fundamental role of ontology, epistemology, and ethics is widely recognised across the healthcare professions. Yet what is less known in physiotherapy is how ontology and epistemology potentially undermine the ethical intentions of our theories and practices. In this article, we draw on the work of 20th-century philosopher Emmanuel Levinas to highlight this problem. Particularly Levinas’s ethical critique of ontology and the associated notion of thematisation enable us to highlight a violence that takes place in the philosophical foundations of physiotherapy. Using the overarching aims of physiotherapy, the theory and practice of diagnosis, and the notion and enforcing of professional identities as examples, we additionally show how this violence consequently pervades physiotherapy theory and practice. By exploring a range of critical and practical implications, we finally show how an application of Levinas’s critique of ontology additionally opens toward an otherwise physiotherapy grounded in a renewed understanding of self, other, and their relation. With this, we hope to highlight the core value and critical need for a deeper engagement with the work of Levinas in relation to all aspects of physiotherapy, and particularly its understanding and implementation of ethics that is so fundamental to its practice and a cornerstone of physiotherapy education.

Discourses and Discursive Identities of Teachers Working as University-Based Teacher Educators in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Ying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hybrid Spaces ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
The University

This study made explicit the discourses of 10 teachers working as university-based teacher educators in Singapore to understand their enacted identities. It framed identity as discursive, constructed through language and talk. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive discourse analysis tools, with critical discourse analysis influencing the process. The discourses are as follows: (a) The value of seconded teachers is located firmly within schools, with practice and practitioner elevated above theory and academics; (b) teaching is the core role of seconded teachers, and discourses about learning, development, and research are weak; and (c) an individualistic framing situates the locus of change on teacher-practitioners. Hybrid spaces that bring theory and practice together are discursive spaces. Both the strengths and limitations of existing discursive identities need to be acknowledged, and multifaceted and complex practitioner identities explored. This article contributes to the integration of practitioners into the wider community of teacher educators in the university.

The role of approximate morphisms in multiresolution modeling: Can we relax the strict lumpability requirements?

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard P Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Basic Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Multiresolution Modeling

To become the core development methodology of major defense-related simulation projects, multiresolution modeling needs more advances in basic theory and practice. In this note, we illustrate an approach to addressing issues relating to approximate morphisms (structure/behavior preservation relations) between pairs of models. Such issues include metrics for departure from strict lumpability, tying approximate satisfaction of structural conditions to the resulting behavioral error, and how to enhance the probability of creating good approximate morphisms by humans and artificial modelers.

scholarly journals Operations and supply chain management

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1673-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Coughlan ◽  
Domien Draaijer ◽  
Janet Godsell ◽  
Harry Boer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Reflective Practitioner ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Association ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Based on the combined experiences of operations and supply chain management (O&SCM) scholars and a reflective practitioner, the paper compares, contrasts and reconciles the competences needed to research O&SCM practice and to practice O&SCM research. The purpose of this paper is to locate these competences for young faculty in relation to their ambitions and career choices. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based upon the contributions made at European Operations Management Association 2014 Young Scholars Workshop (YSW). The theme and programme of the workshop was “Operations management – research and practice”. Findings The paper outlines first the concept of the YSW, the evolution of themes and the specific focus of the 2014 workshop. It concludes with a reflection on the career development of O&SCM scholars, their potential role, as academics or practitioners, in the development of O&SCM theory and practice, and the role of collaborative research in that development. Practical implications This paper shows what it takes for O&SCM researchers to engage with “the world around us” involves and, vice versa, how “doctorate” OM and SCM practitioners may successfully solve practical problems and engage with the O&SCM world surrounding them in doing so. Originality/value The paper presents a collection of viewpoints of O&SCM scholars and a reflective practitioner on the competences needed to research OM practice and to practice OM research.

The importance of being local: prioritizing knowledge in recruitment for destination development

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajsa G. Åberg
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The paper aims to illuminate the discrepancy between the need for knowledge as found in prior research and the requirements formulated by those taking part in destination development. The results are intended to contribute to further research on the role of knowledge in destination management when performed as a strategy for regional development. Design/methodology/approach Based on theories within epistemology and tourism, an interview structure was developed and used in 10 in-depth interviews, with a qualitative approach through open-ended questions. This was complemented by a mapping of specific background factors through enquiries with 23 respondents. The paper follows an explorative approach to illuminate one aspect within the research area of destination development. Findings It was found that when recruiting much significance is put on understanding the structures of involved actors and local rooting. In contrast to theoretical findings, specific knowledge was not a prioritized requirement, neither in tourism nor marketing. Hence, there is a gap between what is perceived as needed for destination development according to academia and how it is being performed by practitioners. Research limitations/implications The study is limited in geography and context. Because the research design was showed to be successful in capturing significant aspects, it is proposed for use in further research. Practical implications The paper deepens the understanding of factors explaining success and impediments of destination development. It underlines the need for bridging the gap between theory and practice. Originality/value This work addresses a vital, but not fully explored, aspect of an extensively implemented strategy for regional development.

Can Minimal Autonomy Legitimate Coercive Institutions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Peter Dietsch
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Core ◽  
Certification System ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Practical Implications

The central thesis of Hassoun’s book states that coercive international institutions, in order to be legitimate, must ensure sufficient autonomy for those subject to them. While part i analyses the theoretical structure of this argument, part ii aims to assess its practical implications in the contexts of aid and trade. This effort to bridge the gap between theory and practice is welcome, even though the connection could be strengthened further. At the core of Hassoun’s theoretical stance lies the innovative idea of a sufficientarian account of the legitimacy of coercive institutions. This review suggests that, in contrast to a sufficientarian theory of the just distribution of material resources, relying on a sufficientarian view in the context of legitimacy is more controversial. Following the discussion of some more specific theoretical issues, the review closes with an evaluation of Hassoun’s proposal of a fair trade certification system for pharmaceutical companies.

5. The police role, function and effects

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bowling ◽  
Robert Reiner ◽  
James Sheptycki
Keyword(s):  
Coercive Force ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Core Function

This chapter explores some of the political myths about police and policing by reviewing the research evidence on police practice. It considers the police role in theory and practice by focusing on three questions: what is the police role? what do the police actually do? and how well do they do it? It explores the original historical purpose of the police, the governmental authority on which it is based, the role of public opinion, why people call the police, the role and effectiveness of the police in crime control, and in broader social functions. The chapter concludes that the core function of the police is best analysed not in terms of any of their social functions but rather the special character of the means the police can bring to bear. Underlying the diversity of situations to which the police are called is the core capacity to use legitimate coercive force.

A better life is possible: the ultimate purpose of social marketing

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Coimbra Carvalho ◽  
Jose Afonso Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Marketplace Of Ideas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss a broader societal trend toward the full realization of human potential and the points of convergence with social marketing. The ultimate goal of social marketing is to increase social good. The paper defines social good in a new light and makes the connection to well-being clearer, proposing an agenda for social marketers and highlighting the opportunities for a better positioning of social marketing in the marketplace of ideas. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper presents an overview of concepts and evidence on the drivers of human well-being. It also discusses some important questions at a broader societal level, such as the role of money and income on happiness and well-being. It presents the connections between this body of knowledge and social marketing, including a literature review from both fields. Findings – Eliminating ill-being no longer seems satisfactory from a societal point of view in the current Zeitgeist. Societies have been searching for ways to alleviate illnesses and to increase the well-being of its citizens. Social marketing, as a powerful social technology for behavior change, must be part of this broader movement, achieving a better positioning in the marketplace of ideas. The paper proposes a six-point agenda to reach these goals. Research limitations/implications – The main theoretical implication is a call for social marketers to see the ultimate goal of the discipline (social good) under a new lens. This requires an update in the conceptual frameworks that orient the discipline. Another implication is the need for better upstream conceptual models in social marketing. Practical implications – The paper suggest some practical implications, such as the opportunity to expand social marketing to countries that do not use it, the use of well-being drivers as inputs, means and outcomes in social marketing programs, and the role of the discipline in both alleviating poverty and in demarketing efforts. Originality/value – The paper contributes by taking an outside perspective and a transdisciplinary approach. The fulfillment of human potential demands the attention to different drivers of human behavior and the search for new social solutions. It also requires a clear understanding of the role of factors like money and social connectedness. This paper approaches these questions with answers grounded on the existing evidence while providing some points for the development of social marketing theory and practice.

The Role of Behavioral Models in the Ontological Structure of Modern Macroeconomics

2013 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
M. Likhachev
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Practical Implications

Behavioral models are considered in the paper as the link between the description of the institutional structure of the economic system and the formation of macro-aggregates, reflecting the results of its operations. The degree of homogeneity of the private sector’s economic environment and complementary goals of private entities and government regulation are noted as basic characteristics of behavioral models. The author examines the differences in the estimates of these characteristics as one of the most important factors underpinning the architecture of modern macroeconomic models and their practical implications.

Does a Ribosome Really Read? On the Cognitive Roots and Heuristic Value of Linguistic Metaphors in Molecular Genetics. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Suren T. Zolyan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
The Core ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Effective Instrument

We discuss the role of linguistic metaphors as a cognitive frame for the understanding of genetic information processing. The essential similarity between language and genetic information processing has been recognized since the very beginning, and many prominent scholars have noted the possibility of considering genes and genomes as texts or languages. Most of the core terms in molecular biology are based on linguistic metaphors. The processing of genetic information is understood as some operations on text – writing, reading and editing and their specification (encoding/decoding, proofreading, transcription, translation, reading frame). The concept of gene reading can be traced from the archaic idea of the equation of Life and Nature with the Book. Thus, the genetics itself can be metaphorically represented as some operations on text (deciphering, understanding, code-breaking, transcribing, editing, etc.), which are performed by scientists. At the same time linguistic metaphors portrayed gene entities also as having the ability of reading. In the case of such “bio-reading” some essential features similar to the processes of human reading can be revealed: this is an ability to identify the biochemical sequences based on their function in an abstract system and distinguish between type and its contextual tokens of the same type. Metaphors seem to be an effective instrument for representation, as they make possible a two-dimensional description: biochemical by its experimental empirical results and textual based on the cognitive models of comprehension. In addition to their heuristic value, linguistic metaphors are based on the essential characteristics of genetic information derived from its dual nature: biochemical by its substance, textual (or quasi-textual) by its formal organization. It can be concluded that linguistic metaphors denoting biochemical objects and processes seem to be a method of description and explanation of these heterogeneous properties.

The problem of reflection in German philosophy of the XVIII - XIX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Checal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Self Knowledge

This study focuses on a conceptual representation of the metaphysical and non-classical context of reflection in its subjective dichotomous understanding. The author successively reviews the specifics of reflection, as well as the features of methodology of cognition and self-knowledge in the context of determining the values and priorities of human development and consciousness. The article also includes an overview of the main categories of reflection through a breakdown of theoretical relationships and the most important conceptual discourses. The theoretical significance of the problem of cognition and self-knowledge is determined by the central role of man in society and history. The analysis shows that the methodology of cognition and self-knowledge should be based on the principles of axiological disengagement, a combination of logical and historical aspect, as well as on the coherence of theory and practice.

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