Odysseus, Blackbirds, and Rain Barrels

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Walter Erhart
Keyword(s):  
Rain Barrels

scholarly journals Enhancing Adoption Studies: The Case of Residential Stormwater Management Practices in the Midwest

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Won Shin ◽  
Laura McCann
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Rain Barrels ◽  
Stormwater Management Practices ◽  
Specific Barriers

This study explores factors affecting adoption of two stormwater management practices, rain gardens and rain barrels. Mail survey data from Columbia, Missouri indicate adoption rates of 3.12 percent (rain gardens) and 7.47 percent (rain barrels). This unique dataset enables us to distinguish among nonadopters using knowledge levels, and to investigate the effect of practice-specific barriers. Clustered multinomial logistic regressions reveal serious gardeners are more likely to adopt both practices. Specific barriers differ by practice and type of nonadopter. Adding practice-specific barriers increased pseudo R2 values from 0.12 to 0.22 for rain gardens and from 0.13 to 0.26 for rain barrels.

The performance of LID (low impact development) practices at different locations with an urban drainage system: a case study of Longyan, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Rui Fu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yanyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Rain Barrels

Urbanization has strongly changed the condition of the land surface and therefore rainfall runoff varies greatly. Peak flood flow and flood volumes increase with runoff volume. Low Impact Development (LID) is a sustainable concept that minimizes the effects of urbanization to maintain natural hydrological function in urban cities and has therefore gained increasing attention. This paper studies the effects of low impact development measures on the reduction of runoff generation and peak runoff at different locations in Longyan, China. The study was conducted using the SWMM model (5.1.006) with a newly developed LID module. In this study, the LID module, which includes rain gardens, green roofs, permeable pavements, and rain barrels, was used to simulate different layout scenarios and different rainfall patterns. The results show that the performance of a certain LID is similar at different locations but the reduction effect on runoff and peak flow varies. Rain gardens and permeable pavements perform a similar degree of reduction under different durations, but the peak flow reduction by rain barrels and green roofs varies greatly. Further research should focus on composite LID applications in other locations, combination with the local pipe network layout, which will ensure that the implemented system will be aesthetically pleasing, economically viable, and effective for reducing runoff and peak flow.

Fecal contamination and Microcystis in drinking-water sources of rural Cambodia using PCR and culture-based methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey R. Matteson ◽  
Alexandria K. Graves ◽  
Ann M. Hall ◽  
Dina Kuy ◽  
Matthew L. Polizzotto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rain Barrels

Rural communities within low-income countries frequently rely on a range of drinking-water sources, and each water source varies in its potential for biological contamination. The extent and source of biological contamination in primary drinking sources within Kien Svay, Kandal, Cambodia, were determined by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurements, 16S rDNA genetic markers for human and bovine fecal Bacteroides, presence of the bloom-forming Microcystis species, and the microcystin toxin mcyD gene marker. Thirteen wells, 11 rain barrels, 10 surface-water sites, and five sediment samples were examined during the dry and wet seasons. Surface water was commonly contaminated with FIB, with up to 1.02 × 105Enterococcus sp., 6.13 × 104E. coli, and 2.91 × 104 total coliforms per 100 mL of water. Human and bovine Bacteroides were detected in 100 and 90% of the surface water samples, respectively. Concentrations of FIB in rain-barrels varied by site, however 91% contained human Bacteroides. Microcystis cells were found in 90% of surface water sites, with many also containing microcystin gene mcyD, representing the first report of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in surface waters of Cambodia. The study results show that many potential drinking-water sources in Cambodia contain harmful bacterial and algal contaminants, and care should be taken when selecting and monitoring water options.

scholarly journals Detailed Quantification of the Reduction Effect of Roof Runoff by Low Impact Development Practices

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xiaoshu Hou ◽  
Guoyuan Wei ◽  
Xiaoyue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Rain Barrels ◽  
Reduction Effect

Low impact development (LID) has been widely applied to mitigate urban rainwater problems since the 1990s. However, the effect of LID practices has seldom been evaluated in detail. In this study, the effect of individual and combined LID practices on the reduction of roof runoff are specifically quantified considering the hydrological relationship between LID at the building scale and the campus scale at Beijing Normal University (BNU). The results show that individual and combined LID practices effectively reduce roof runoff for all types of rainfall and for rainfall with return periods from 0.5 to 50 years at the building scale. Combination scenarios maintain good performance with fewer areas of composed LID. Most values for the effect of combination scenarios are between the effects of composed LID. To achieve the highest cost efficiency, low elevation greenbelts should be the first choice, and green roofs should only be selected when low elevation greenbelts and rain barrels cannot be implemented. At the campus scale, individual and combined LID practices effectively reduce the outflow from and the overflow in the campus and combination scenarios have the best reduction performance. This study provides an important reference for urban water management and LID related decision making.

Analysis on LID for highly urbanized areas’ waterlogging control: demonstrated on the example of Caohejing in Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2559-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. Liao ◽  
Y. He ◽  
F. Huang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
H. Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Water Management ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Rain Barrels

Although a commonly applied measure across the United States and Europe for alleviating the negative impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle, low impact development (LID) has not been widely used in highly urbanized areas, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities in developing countries like China. In this paper, given five LID practices including Bio-Retention, Infiltration Trench, Porous Pavement, Rain Barrels, and Green Swale, an analysis on LID for highly urbanized areas’ waterlogging control is demonstrated using the example of Caohejing in Shanghai, China. Design storm events and storm water management models are employed to simulate the total waterlogging volume reduction, peak flow rate reduction and runoff coefficient reduction of different scenarios. Cost-effectiveness is calculated for the five practices. The aftermath shows that LID practices can have significant effects on storm water management in a highly urbanized area, and the comparative results reveal that Rain Barrels and Infiltration Trench are the two most suitable cost-effective measures for the study area.

Effect of connecting rain barrels on the storage size reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 3538-3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwon Seo ◽  
Nam-Jeong Choi ◽  
Daeryong Park
Keyword(s):  
Size Reduction ◽  
Storage Size ◽  
Rain Barrels
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