Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction and Freezing and Thawing through Surface Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Deschenes ◽  
Cameron D. Murray ◽  
W. Micah Hale
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

scholarly journals Durability of concrete containing aggregate produced from recycled concrete affected by alkali-silica reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Salt Scaling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Minimal Information ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Minimal information is available on the durability of concrete containing demolished concrete as an aggregate. The purpose of this study was to: investigate and control the reactivity of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) produced from concrete that was suffering from alkali silica reaction (ASR); and investigate other durability issues of concrete containing RCA with emphasis on salt scaling and freezing & thawing. It was deduced that the RCA produced from ASR-affected concrete caused expansion when used in new concrete as an aggregate. This high reactivity of the tested RCA was attributable to its relatively high alkalis and calcium contents. Furthermore, a greater amount of SCM was required to reduce expansion compared to concrete containing raw natural reactive aggregate. In terms of freezing and thawing and salt scaling, concrete containing coarse RCA at a 100% replacement level of coarse aggregate showed lower durability compared to concrete made with natural coarse aggregate.

Mitigating Alkali-Silica Reaction and Freezing and Thawing in Concrete Pavement by Silane Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Deschenes ◽  
Eric R. Giannini ◽  
Thano Drimalas ◽  
Benoit Fournier ◽  
W. Micah Hale
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

Effectiveness of sealers in counteracting alkali-silica reaction in highway median barriers exposed to wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and deicing salt

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Bérubé ◽  
Dominique Chouinard ◽  
Michel Pigeon ◽  
Jean Frenette ◽  
Michel Rivest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Concrete Cylinders ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
High Alkali

This study follows another experimental study where different types of sealers were applied on plain and air-entrained large concrete cylinders made with high-alkali contents and highly alkali–silica reactive limestone aggregates. The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of these sealers in counteracting concrete expansion and surface deterioration due to alkali–silica reaction under various exposure conditions. This study indicated that all three sealers tested, the silane-, oligosiloxane-, and polysiloxane-based sealers, could stop concrete expansion due to ASR and even produced contraction, even for concrete cylinders subjected to wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and sodium chloride solutions. In 1991, the same silane, oligosiloxane, and polysiloxane were applied on sections of median barriers showing various degrees of deterioration due to ASR. These sections were subjected to wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and, during winter, to deicing salt. The silane was also applied on other sections of the same barriers in 1994. Observations and measurements over 10 years indicate that the aesthetic appearance of these median barriers, particularly those sealed with the silane, was greatly improved, while internal humidity was significantly reduced, and concrete expansion as well, when not arrested. The period of time during which the above three sealers were capable to stop ASR expansion varies with the sealer used and the degree of concrete deterioration at the time of sealing. For instance, the silane, which was the best among all products tested, caused concrete contraction for at least 6 years in median barriers that were severely affected by ASR, and likely for more than 10 years in moderately affected barriers. The overall results confirm the conclusions obtained previously in the laboratory: a good sealer such as the silane tested may greatly improve the aesthetic appearance and stop the expansion of non-massive ASR-affected concrete members, at least up to about 300 mm in thickness, and subjected to wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and salt water. However, the poor result obtained in the field with another silane-based sealer indicates that a sealer cannot be selected based on its composition only.Key words: alkali–silica reaction, concrete; cracking, expansion, internal humidity, median barrier, sealer, silane, siloxane.

Effectiveness of sealers in counteracting alkali-silica reaction in plain and air-entrained laboratory concretes exposed to wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and salt water

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Bérubé ◽  
Dominique Chouinard ◽  
Michel Pigeon ◽  
Jean Frenette ◽  
Luc Boisvert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Air Content ◽  
High Alkali ◽  
Freezing And Thawing Cycles

Low- and high-alkali, plain and air-entrained large concrete cylinders, 255 mm in diameter by 310 mm in length, were made with a highly alkali–silica reactive limestone. After curing, a number of cylinders were sealed with silane, oligosiloxane, polysiloxane, linseed oil, or epoxy, with others subjected to 179 freezing and thawing cycles in humid air (one cycle per day). All cylinders were then subjected to 14-day exposure cycles, including in the most severe case periods of humid storage in air, drying, wetting in salt water, and freezing and thawing cycles. All low-alkali specimens did not either expand or develop surface cracking, even those with a deficient air void system and exposed to freezing and thawing cycles. All unsealed high-alkali cylinders subjected early to a series of freezing and thawing cycles did not significantly expand during these cycles, but presented high expansion afterwards. Wetting and drying significantly reduced alkali–silica reaction (ASR) expansion compared with constant humid storage; however, it promoted map-cracking. Regardless of the air content, freezing and thawing increased greatly the concrete expansion in the presence of ASR, even after ASR was almost complete; freezing and thawing also greatly promoted surface cracking. On the other hand, all cylinders early sealed with silane, oligosilixane, or polysiloxane did not either significantly expand or show map-cracking, whatever the exposure conditions and the air content; these cylinders progressively lost mass with time. On the other hand, the epoxy resin was not effective. The linseed oil prevented map-cracking while significantly reducing expansion, however not sufficiently. After one or 1.5 years, some expanding cylinders were sealed with silane, oligosiloxane, or polysiloxane; they started to loose mass and contracted immediately after being sealed, whatever the exposure conditions. The results obtained thus indicate that a good sealer may greatly improve the aesthetic appearance (e.g., map-cracking) and stop expansion of ASR-affected concrete elements of 255 mm or less in thickness, made with a water-to-cement ratio in the range of 0.50, and exposed to wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and salt water.Key words: air entrained, alkali–silica reaction, concrete, cracking, expansion, freezing and thawing, sealer, silane, siloxane, wetting and drying.

EFFECT OF SURFACE-PENETRANTS FOR CONCRETE UNDER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sayama ◽  
Shoichi Sayama ◽  
Koji Mitani ◽  
Liangjun Hu ◽  
Isamu Yoshitake
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Saturated Concrete ◽  
Gas Penetration ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are generally deteriorated by penetration of water and gases that induce corrosion of reinforcements. Surface-penetrants, which increase gas-penetration resistance of concrete, can improve the long-term durability of RC members. A kind of surface-treatment, such as silane penetrants, gives a high water-repellant effect to concrete. It is well known that concrete in cold regions is occasionally damaged by freezing and thawing (F-T) cycles. In a microscopic viewpoint, water-pressure in pore structures of concrete increases due to freezing. The increase of internal water pressure may be a cause of the F-T damage of concrete. It is possibly hard to ease the water-pressure in saturated concrete incorporating the water-repellant penetrant. That is, the surface-treated concrete under the F-T cycles may deteriorate seriously. To examine the effect of surface-treatment, the study conducted the F-T test (JIS A 1148) by using concrete that was painted with surface-penetrants. The foci of this investigation are to examine the F-T durability of surface-treated concretes and to compare the effect of the surface-penetrants. This paper reports the effects of the water-repellant penetrant on the F-T durability.

scholarly journals Influence of Pore Structure on the Effectiveness of a Biogenic Carbonate Surface Treatment for Limestone Conservation

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 6808-6820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem De Muynck ◽  
Stijn Leuridan ◽  
Denis Van Loo ◽  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
Veerle Cnudde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Biogenic Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Bacterial Adsorption ◽  
Protective Performance

ABSTRACTA ureolytic biodeposition treatment was applied to five types of limestone in order to investigate the effect of pore structure on the protective performance of a biogenic carbonate surface treatment. Protective performance was assessed by means of transport and degradation processes, and the penetration depth of the treatment was visualized by microtomography. Pore size governs bacterial adsorption and hence the location and amount of carbonate precipitated. This study indicated that in macroporous stone, biogenic carbonate formation occurred to a larger extent and at greater depths than in microporous stone. As a consequence, the biodeposition treatment exhibited the greatest protective performance on macroporous stone. While precipitation was limited to the outer surface of microporous stone, biogenic carbonate formation occurred at depths of greater than 2 mm for Savonnières and Euville. For Savonnières, the presence of biogenic carbonate resulted in a 20-fold decreased rate of water absorption, which resulted in increased resistance to sodium sulfate attack and to freezing and thawing. While untreated samples were completely degraded after 15 cycles of salt attack, no damage was observed in biodeposition-treated Savonnières. From this study, it is clear that biodeposition is very effective and more feasible for macroporous stones than for microporous stones.

scholarly journals Effect of Concrete Surface Treatment on Expansion due to Alkali-Silica Reaction

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Miyagawa ◽  
Makoto Hisada ◽  
Susumu Inoue ◽  
Manabu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction

Effects of Moisture, Temperature, and Freezing and Thawing on Alkali-Silica Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Deschenes ◽  
Eric Giannini ◽  
Thano Drimalas ◽  
Benoit Fournier ◽  
W. Micah Hale
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

scholarly journals Durability of concrete containing aggregate produced from recycled concrete affected by alkali-silica reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Salt Scaling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Minimal Information ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Minimal information is available on the durability of concrete containing demolished concrete as an aggregate. The purpose of this study was to: investigate and control the reactivity of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) produced from concrete that was suffering from alkali silica reaction (ASR); and investigate other durability issues of concrete containing RCA with emphasis on salt scaling and freezing & thawing. It was deduced that the RCA produced from ASR-affected concrete caused expansion when used in new concrete as an aggregate. This high reactivity of the tested RCA was attributable to its relatively high alkalis and calcium contents. Furthermore, a greater amount of SCM was required to reduce expansion compared to concrete containing raw natural reactive aggregate. In terms of freezing and thawing and salt scaling, concrete containing coarse RCA at a 100% replacement level of coarse aggregate showed lower durability compared to concrete made with natural coarse aggregate.

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